1、八年级英语（下）期末复习提纲Unit 6Useful Expression1. how long 多长时间了？2. start class/skating/to skate 开始上课/滑冰= begin class/skating/to skate3. a skating marathon 一场滑冰马拉松4. would like = d like 愿意、想要5. run out of 跑完6. by the way 顺便问一下7. more than = over 超过8. ever since 自从9. raise money for charity 筹集善款10. a pair of 一
2、双11. five and a half years 五年半12. the whole five hours 整整五个小时13. in Russian style 以俄罗斯的风格Key sentences1. Every hour they skate, each student raises ten yuan for charity.每位学生每溜冰一个小时就能为慈善事业筹到 10 元钱。every 和 each 都表示“每一个”，但 every 是指整体，each 是指每个个体。2. Next is Sam. 紧接着的是 Sam。3. Because weve run out of room
3、 to store them. 因为我们已经没地方存放他们了。4. By the way, whats your hobby? 顺便问一下，你有什么爱好？5. I am interested in the job as a writer. 我对这份作家的工作感兴趣。6. In fact, the first Jews probably came to Kaifeng more than a thousand years ago.事实上，首批犹太人可能是在一千多年前来到开封的。7. The more I learn about Chinese history, the more I enjoy
4、living in China. 我对中国历史了解的越多，我就越喜欢在中国生活。8. Although I live quite far from Beijing, . 虽然我住得离北京很远。Grammar 1. 现在完成进行时(1) 结构：have/has + been + V.ing.(2) 用法：表示从过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到现在且很有可能持续下去；Ive been doing the cleaning all this morning.表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的某一动作刚刚结束；Youre late again! Ive been waiting here for an hou
5、r.表示一个一直到说话时为止的一段时间内一再重复的动作。I have been calling you several times in two days.(3) 时间状语： all the time/this morning, since morning, all night, this week/month, recently 等(3) 对现在完成进行时的时间状语进行提问时使用 how long。How long have you been skating?Ive been skating since I was seven years old.for 5 years old.2. 现在完
6、成进行时与现在完成时区别：现在完成进行时侧重于动作的持续、运行；而现在完成时强调动作的完成。如：I have written a letter to my father.（到现在信已写完）我给我的父亲写了一封信。I have been writing a letter to my father.（一直在写，现在还在写）我一直在给我的父亲写信。再看：I wrote a letter to my father. 我给我的父亲写过 一封信。Unit 7Useful Expression1. turn down/up 调小/大（音量）turn on/off 打开/关上（电源开关）2. not at a
7、ll 一点也不3. right away = in a minute 立刻、马上4. do/wash the dish 洗碗5. get out of 出来6. put on 穿上（动作）wear 穿着（状态）7. feed the dog 喂狗keep the dog 养狗8. return to 把还给9. help sb. do/with sth. 帮助某人做某事10. make posters 制作海报11. a terrible haircut 一个糟糕的发型12. have a long telephone conversation 褒电话粥13. wait in line 排队c
8、ut in line 插队14. follow sb. around 跟在某人周围15. get mad = get annoy = get angry 感到恼火16. all the time 一直17. complain about 抱怨18. be polite 有礼貌19. try (not) to do sth. 尽力（不去）做某事20. must be 一定是21. keep down 保持音量22. seem like 看上去像23. be allowed 被允许24. even if/though 尽管、即使25. take care = be careful 小心26. in
9、 public places 在公众场合in public 公开地，当众地27. put out 熄灭28. drop litter 乱丢垃圾29. pick up 捡起、拾起Key sentences1. Would you mind turning down the music? 你介不介意把音乐声关小呢？Would you mind (not) doing sth.? 你介不介意做（不做）？= Would/Could you please (not) do sth.? 请你做（不做）好吗？2. I wont be long. 我一会就好。3. The pen you bought did
10、nt work. 你买的那把笔坏了。= The pen you bought wasnt broken. = There was something wrong with the pen you bought.= Something was wrong with the pen you bought.4. Here you are. 给你。Heres what they said. 以下是他们所说的。5. I cant stand it. 我无法忍受。I cant stand to see good food to waste. 我无法忍受看着好食物被浪费。6. Could you pleas
11、e not follow me around? 请你不要跟着我四周好吗？7. This happens to me all the time in the school library. 在学校图书馆我一直碰上这种事。9. Would you mind keeping your voice down? 你介不介意把音量放小呢？voice: 名词，指说话和唱歌地嗓音； talk in a loud voice 高声交谈noise: 名词，指人们不愿听到地噪音；sound: 名词，泛指自然界一切可以听到的声音。10. For example, dropping litter is almost n
12、ever allowed. 例如，乱丢垃圾是不被允许的。be allowed 被允许。 “be + 动词的过去分词”是被动语态Unit 8Useful Expression1. get her a scarf 送她一条围巾2. compare with/to sth. 与相比3. not creative enough 不够有创意4. easy/difficult to take care of 容易/难养活5. these days 目前，现在6. pot-bellied pig 大肚猪7. spend with her 和她呆在一起8. not at all 根本不9. fall asle
13、ep 入睡（动作）be asleep 入睡（状态）10. half way = halfway 半道、中途11. different kinds of 不同种类12. pay for 付款13. from across China = from all over China 来自全中国14. as as 与一样not as/soas 与比不如其15. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事16. hear of 听说17. make progress 取得进步18. be able to = can 能够19. have fun with sth. 做有乐趣Key s
14、entences1. Why dont you get her a scarf? 为什么不给她买条围巾呢？get sb. sth. for 为了 给某人买某物= get sth. to sb. for 注意：当 sth. 是代词时，不可使用第二种用法。2. Thats not interesting enough. 那不够有趣。enough 有两种词性：当它用来修饰形容词、副词时，作为副词，应放在所修饰的词之后，如上句；当它用来修饰名词时,应放在名词之后，如：I dont have enough time to spend with her.3. Whats the best gift (th
15、at) Joe has ever received? Joe 曾经受到的最好的礼物是什么？4. What a lucky guy! 幸运的家伙！5. I think a dog is a good pet for a 6-year-old child. 我认为对于一个六岁的孩子一条狗会是一个好礼物。6. Dogs are too difficult to take care of. 狗很难照料。7. The trendiest kind of pet these days is the pot-bellied pig. 近来最流行的宠物是大腹便便的猪。8. Life with a pig is
16、nt always perfect. 和一只猪在一起生活并不总是完美的。9. Now shes too big to sleep in the house. 现在她太大了不能睡在屋子里。too to ：太以致于不能= so that 主语 cant .e.g. He is too young to go to school.= He is so young that he cant go to school.= He isnt old enough to go to school.= He is very young and he cant go to school.注意：tooto是一个简单
17、句，而 sothat是一个复合句。并且当复合句中的主句主语和从句主语不同时，在句型中要用 for sb.来表述。如：The digital camera is so expensive that we cant buy it.= The digital camera is too expensive for us to buy.= The digital camera isnt cheap enough for us to buy.= The digital camera is very expensive and we cant buy it.10. My shoes were really
18、 cheap. They only cost $5. 我的鞋子真的很便宜。只要花 5 美圆。cost：花费（金钱）主语为物；pay：花费（金钱）主语为人；take：花费（时间、金钱）主语为物；spend ：花费（时间、金钱）主语为人。Grammar1. Why dont you get her a scarf?= Why not get her a scarf? 为什么不给她买条围巾呢？How/What about doing sth.? 做怎么样呢？How/What about + (a/an) + n.? 怎么样呢？2. Would you mind (not) doing sth.? 你
19、介不介意做（不做）？= Would/Could you please (not) do sth.? 请你做（不做）好吗？注意：7、8 两个单元学习的几种礼貌的提出建议的方式要重点、综合复习。注意他们的搭配。Unit 9 Useful Expression1. hear of 听说hear from 收到的消息/来信2. take a ride 兜风3. end up 结束4. argue with sb. 与某人争吵5. roller coaster 过山车6. a flight attendant 一个机组乘务员7. in fact 事实上8. all over the world 全世界9
20、. think about 考虑think of 想起；认为10. rather than 宁可；而不是11. neithernor 既不也不12. three quarters of 四分之三13. for example 举个例子14. such as 例如15. on the one hand, on the other hand,. 一方面 ，另一方面16. be asleep 睡着（状态）fall asleep 睡着（动作）Key sentences1. Have you ever been to a water park? 你曾经去过水上公园吗？No, I havent. 不，我没
21、有。Me neither. = Neither/Nor have I. 我也没有。这是一个否定的省略句。它的结构是“ Neither/Nor + be 动词/ 助动词/情态动词+主语”。而用在肯定的省略句中时要使用 so，它的结构是“So+ be 动词/ 助动词/情态动词”。如：- I paid 20 yuan for this book.- So did I.2. The roller coaster is themed with Disney characters.过山车是以迪斯尼的人物为主题的。3. The boats take different routes, but they al
22、l end up in the same place.虽然船的路线不同，但它们都停泊在同一个地方。4. Its just so much fun in Disneyland. 迪斯尼乐园里有如此之多的乐趣。5. It was because I could speak English that I got the job. 只是因为我能说英语，我得到了这份工作。6. More than three quarters of the population are Chinese. 超过四分之三的人是中国人。7. This is because the island is so close to t
23、he equator. So you can choose to go whenever you like. 就因为这个岛是如此接近赤道。所以只要你愿意你任何时候都可以去。Grammar 1. 现在完成时(1) 用法：动作到现在已经完成或刚刚完成;过去发生或已完成的动作对现在造成的结果和影响；过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。(2) 基本结构：have/has + V.过去分词(3) 时间状语：already, yet, just, ever, never, once, twice, so far, ever since, for a long time, for + 一段时间, since
24、 + 过去的时间点 /过去时的从句，等。(4) 注意事项: A. 现在完成时是现在的时态,重点表达目前的结果和状态 ;B. 表示动作从过去开始持续到现在用 for + 时间段, since +点时间连用。对 for 与since 短语提问用 how long。C. 现在完成时从不与 when 引起的疑问句联用。D. have been to：去过have gone to：去了have been in：呆在E. 短暂性动词变为延续性动词：buy - have had borrow - have keptjoin - have been in / have been a member ofbeco
25、me - have been a member make friends - have been friendsdie - have been dead get to know - have knowncome/go to do - have done catch a cold - have had a cold begin/start to do - have donebegin / start - have been onenter / come / arrive / get to / reach - have been in/at go / leave for / set off / s
26、et out - have been away from2. since，for 在现在完成（进行）时中的用法差异(1) since 后接过去的时间点或一般过去时的从句。He has been an English teacher since three years ago.We have known each other since we came to study in this university.(2) for 后接时间段He has lived here for three years.3. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果，强调的
27、是现在的情况，所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last night, three weeks ago, in 1990 等。而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系，它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：He has lived here since 1992. 1992 年以来他一直住在这里。 （他现在还住在这里）He lived here in 1992. 1992 年他住在这里。 （并不涉及他现在是否住在这里）Unit 10Useful Expression1. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事forget doing sth. 忘
28、记做过某事2. look through 浏览3. cross a busy street = go/walk across a busy street 穿过一条繁忙的街道4. think of 想起、认为5. come along 出现，发生6. get along/on with sb. 与某人相处的7. be friendly to sb. 对某人友好8. have a birthday party 举办一个生日聚会9. on Saturday night 在周六的晚上10. at least 至少11. at the school dining room 在学校的餐厅里Key sent
29、ences1. I hope so. 我希望如此。so 为代词，用来表示赞同前面所提及的内容。除了 hope 以外，还有think，believe ，suppose， be afraid 等，可与 so 连用。如：Do you think it will rain this afternoon? 你认为下午会下雨吗？I think/believe/suppose/hope/am afraid so. 我想/相信 /猜/希望/ 恐怕会。注意：用来表示不赞同前面所提及的内容，有两种不同的方法，不可混用。如：I dont think so. 我不这么想。I hope/suppose/am afrai
30、d not. 我希望/猜/恐怕不会这样。2. How much did that shirt cost? 那件衬衫多少钱？3. I feel like part of the group now. 现在我感觉像是他们中的一员了。4. Friends like you make it a lot easier to get along in a new place. 有像你这样的一些朋友，使得我在新的地方很快就适应了。Grammar反意疑问句反意疑问句是附在陈述句之后，对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问的句子。反意疑问部分要与前面的陈述句用逗号隔开，句末要用问号。如果陈述部分是肯定结构，反意疑问部
31、分就用否定结构，反之亦然（前肯后否，前否后肯） 。此问句可用 yes 或 no 来回答。反意疑问部分的主语要用代词，并与陈述部分主语一致，谓语动词在人称、数和时态上也要与陈述部分保持一致。1. 反意疑问部分主语与谓语的确定反意疑问部分主语与谓语的确定应以陈述部分的主语和谓语为依据，尤其要注意一些特殊情况，同时，反意疑问部分的主语一般应用人称代词，而动词若为否定形式则一般应用缩略形式。1） 陈述部分含有 never， few，little，noting，nobody，no，hardly，none 等表示否定意义的词时，其反意疑问部分应用肯定形式。如：There are few people in
32、 the room, are there?2） 陈述部分是“There be”结构时，反意疑问部分用“be there”。如：There is a tree in front of the building, isnt there?3） 当陈述部分的主语为指事（物）的不定代词 something，anything ，everything 等时，反意疑问部分的主语应用 it。如：Something is wrong with your computer, isnt it?4） 当陈述部分的主语为指人的不定代词 somebody，anybody ， everybody 等时，反意疑问部分的主语可用
33、 he 或 they，但不可用 it 来代替。如：Somebody wants to see you, doesnt he / dont they?5） 当陈述部分的主语为 this，that 等时，反意疑问部分的主语应用 it。类似地，当陈述部分的主语为 these，those 等时，反意疑问部分主语应用 they。同时，陈述部分为肯定形式时，反意疑问部分应用否定形式，反之亦然。如：This is a beautiful picture, isnt it?Those arent your books, are they?6） 当陈述部分动词为 have/ has 时，有下列几种情况：A：ha
34、ve 表示“有”之意，反意疑问部分的谓语可用 have，也可用助动词 do，如：Tom has a new watch, hasnt he / doesnt he?B: have to 表示 “不得不”“必须”之意时，反意疑问部分的谓语应用助动词 do，如：Kate has to help her mother at home, doesnt she?C: have 表示“ 吃、喝、玩、度过” 等意思时，其反意疑问部分的谓语应用助动词 do，如：They had a good time in Beijing, didnt they?D: had better 表示“最好” 之意，当其用在陈述部
35、分时，反意疑问部分的谓语动词应用had，如：Wed better stop talking, hadnt we?E: have 用在现在完成时中，其反意疑问部分的谓语动词应用 have，如：Lucy has ever been to Japan, hasnt she?7） 当陈述部分含有 need 时，如果 need 用作行为动词，则反意疑问部分的动词应用do；如果 need 用作情态动词，则反意疑问部分的动词应用 need，如：We need to arrive in Shanghai at 7:00, dont we?We neednt leave at once, need we?8）
36、当陈述部分含有情态动词 must 时，有下列几种情况：A: must 表示“必须” 之意，反意疑问部分的谓语动词用 neednt，如：They must come on time, neednt they?B: must 表示推测，意为“ 一定”，反意疑问部分的谓语动词确定应根据 must 后面的动词，如：That man must be Mr. Wang, isnt he?9） 当陈述部分为 I am 形式时，反意疑问部分应该用 arent I，如：Im right, arent I?10） 肯定的祈使句的反意疑问部分可以用 will you 或 wont you，否定的祈使句的反意疑问部分
37、用 will you，如：Listen to me carefully, will / wont you?Dont play with fire, will you?11） 以 lets 开头的祈使句，反意疑问部分应用 shall we；以 let us 开头的祈使句，反意疑问部分应用 will you，如：Lets go to the park, shall we?Let us help you, will you?12） 陈述部分若为主从复合句，反意疑问部分的主语通常与主句的主语一致，如：She said he would come tomorrow, didnt she?注意：若主句的主
38、语是第一人称 I/we，其谓语动词又是think，suppose，expect ，believe ，imagine 等，则反意疑问部分的主语和谓语一般应于从句一致（应特别注意否定转移） ，如：I think he is a good student, isnt he?We dont think you are right, are you?2. 反意疑问句的答语对反意疑问句作回答时，如果答案是肯定的，则用 yes，后跟肯定形式的简略回答方式；如果答案是否定的，则用 no，后跟否定形式的简略回答方式。即其回答方式与一般疑问句的回答方式完全一致。特别注意有时要根据具体的语境确定应用肯定形式还是否定形式。 （根据事实来回答，是就 yes，否就 no）
