1、 广州 初一英语语法学案Unit1 定冠词 the 和动词 play 的用法Warm-up: ReadingAlice is my best friend. She is a tall girl with glasses. She often tells jokes to make me laugh, but she never makes fun of others. Alice is a smart girl. He is good at Maths. We often study and play table tennis together. I hope we will always
2、remain friends .考纲要求1.掌握冠词泛指、特指的用法；2.掌握定冠词和不定冠词的常见搭配；3.冠词和名词连用表示类别。命题规律 冠词考查的内容主要集中在三种冠词的搭配及其用法上。一、重 难 点1）不定冠词 a 和 an 的区别；2）定冠词 the 的运用；3）零冠词的用法；4）冠词的固定搭配。5）play 的动词搭配2、精讲点拨冠词一共有三种，分别是不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词（即不用冠词的情况） 。学习冠词我们首先需要明确几个概念。特指：指特定的人或物，名词前用定冠词 the。如，the man in the mirror, the water in the glass, the
3、 three students泛指：泛泛提及的人或事物。a boy, a movie，three students类指：人或者物分类时的所指，用于区别其他的人或事物。A dog is an animal.The dog is an animal.Dogs are animals.Water is a kind of liquid.第 2 页 共 12 页1. 不定冠词 a 和 an 多用来修饰单数可数名词1）a 用在以辅音音素开头的单词前，如：a boy, a university student; an 用在以元音音素开头的单词前，如：an apple, an honest boy注意:有些
4、字母虽然是元音字母，但是却不发元音，如字母 u, 以 u 开头的单词第一个音凡 是发ju前面皆用 a，若第一个音为前面则用 an，如： a useful book, an uncle.2)表示类别：这种用法是指某人或某物属于某一种类，或者指某一种类的人或物中的任何一个或一件，或者指某一种类的人或物，但不具体说明是何人或何物。 例如：That is a pen, not a pencil. 那是钢笔而不是铅笔。 （指属于某一种类）Give him a pear, please! 请给他一个梨。 （指某一种类中的任何一个）3)和 one 的区别： a/an 表示类别, 种类；one 强调数量 a
5、bus （表示是一辆公交车 而不是一辆小汽车 也不是火车）one bus (强调是一辆车 而不是两辆或三辆)4)表示基本单位，作“ 每一 ”讲。例如：three times a day, 10 yuan a kilo six class a day thirty miles an hour 等。【即时即练 1】选用 a 或 an 填空（1）His sister is _ teacher.（2）This is _ young man.（3）Jack wants to be _ English teacher.（4）Miss Lee is _ lady nurse.（5）_ university
6、teacher lives near us.（6）I will call you in half _ hour.（7）People have three meals _ day.（8）Jeremy is _ honest student.（9）What _ interesting movie it is!（10）My dream is to be _ engineer.2. 定冠词 the 的用法：第 3 页 共 12 页1）定冠词的最基本的用法是“特指” ：表示某个或某些特定的人或物。 如：Do you know the girl in a red skirt? 你认识那个穿红裙子的女孩吗？
7、 Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。2）第一次提到的东西用不定冠词 a(n)，第二次提及则用 the。如：Peter has a dog. The dog is very clever.There is a book on the desk. The book is very interesting.3）the 用于说话人和听话人双方都知道的人或物。如：Open the window, please.May I use the computer?4）the 用于世上独一无二的名称前。如：The earth moves around the su
8、n.The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.5）the 用于表示方位和表西洋乐器的名词前。如：Peter is the boy on the left.The sun rises in the east.Rose can play the piano.6）the 用于姓氏复数形式前，表示某人夫妇或一家人。如：The Greens are from England.The Browns have a holiday in Wales.7）the 用于形容词序数词和最高级前。如：I live on the third floor.She is
9、the most beautiful girl in our class.8）the 与某些形容词连用表示一类人。如：The rich have a lot of money.We should help the old.9）用在由普通名词构成的表示场所或国家的专有名词前。the Great Wall 长城 the Summer Place 颐和园the Peoples Square 人民广场 the United States 美国10）用于某些固定词组中。 例如:in the morning / afternoon / evening，by the way 等 【即时即练 2】1. The
10、re is _ old bike. _ old bike is Mr. Zhaos.第 4 页 共 12 页A. an; The B. the; An C. a; The D. the; The2. _ apple a day keeps the doctors away.A. The B.A C. An D. Two3.How many books do you have?I have _ book. Thats _ English book.A. a; an B. a; one C. one; an D. one; one4. At that time Tom was _ eight-ye
11、ar-old baby.A. a B. an C. the D./5. _ tiger is from _ China.A. The; a B. A; the C. The; / D. The; the6. We cant see _ sun at _ night.A. the; the B. the;/ C. a;/ D./;/7. One afternoon he found _ handbag. There was _ “s”on the corner of _ handbag.A. a; an; the B. a; a; the C. an; an; an D. the; a; a8.
12、 _ old lady with white hair spoke _ English well at _ meeting.A. An; an; a B. The; /; an C. The; /; a D. The; /; the9. _ Great Wall is _ longest wall in the world.A. A; a B. The; the C. A; the D. The; a10. _ woman over there is _ popular teacher in our school.A. A; an B. The; a C. The; the D. A; the
13、3. 零冠词的用法：1）在物质名词，抽象名词前不用冠词 Electricity is useful in our daily life.Ice feels cold. Knowledge is power,2）国名、地名和人名前通常不用定冠词England Guangzhou Mary Mr. Green 3）在星期、月份、季节等名词前Sunday March summer winter 第 5 页 共 12 页4）名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格修饰时(my，this，those， these 等)如：this morning my pen your watch whose
14、bike 等5）在球类运动、一日三餐、学科和语言的名词前如：have breakfast play chess play basketball 6）当 by 与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词by bus by train by car by air by bike by plane 7）有些个体名词不用冠词如：school，college/university，prison，hospital， bed，table，church ，等个体名词，直接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义；go to hospital 去医院看病go to the hospital 去医院 (并不是去看病
15、，而是有其他目的)【即时即练 3】1. - What day was it yesterday?- It was _ Wednesday.A. a B. the C. an D. /2. - Does she speak _ Chinese ?- Yes. Though she lives in New York.A. a B. an C. / D. the3. March 12 is _ Tree-planting Day.A. / B. the C. a D. an4. Does Miss Li go to work on _ bus or on _ foot?A. an; / B. a;
16、 / C. a; the D. /; /5. He likes to listen to _ music on _ cell phone(手机).A. /; the B. the; / C. an; the D. a; the6. - Did they go to Yunnan by _ train?- No, they went there by _ air.A. /; a B. /; / C. a; the D. the; a 7. It is too cold in the north in _winter.A. / B. a C. an D. the8. - What is your
17、hobby?- My hobby is playing _ chess with my father.A. a B. an C. the D./第 6 页 共 12 页4. play 的用法1）play 可以用作不及物动词,意思是“玩”The children are playing.Dont play with fire.2) play 用作及物动词，意思是“打（球） ；弹（乐器） ”He is a football fan and likes playing football very much.Lang Lang could play the piano when he was thre
18、e.3) play 还可以做名词，TV plays 电视剧【即时即练 4】翻译1. 他每天放学后和他朋友一起玩。2. 他会弹吉他。3. 打篮球是我的爱好之一。3、巩固提升 一冠词填空：在下列句中空白处填入适当冠词，不需用冠词处划。1. There is _ picture of _ elephant on _ wall.2. This is _ useful book. Ive read it for _ hour.3. _ elephant is much heavier than _ horse.4. _ doctor told him to take _ medicine three t
19、imes _ day.5. Lets go out for _ walk.6. Its too hot. Open _ door，please.7. There is _ woman over there. _ woman is Meimeis mother.8. _ sun rises in _ east.9. _ Changjiang River is _ longest river in _ China.10. Washington is _ capital of _ USA.11. _ Greens are living at the end of _ Turner Street.12
20、. He joined the army in _ spring of _ 1995.13. _ old man is _ teacher. He likes playing _ basketball after _ supper.第 7 页 共 12 页14. They went to _ Peoples Park，but we both went to _ Peoples Cinema yesterday.15. Tomorrow is _ Christmas Day and my father and I went to choose _ Christmas tree today.二语法
21、填空_1_ Turners(特纳一家 ) come from _2_ USA. Theyre now in Beijing._3_ is their first time to be in China. Theyre going to stay_4_ China for three months. They want _5_ some big cities and learn a little Chinese.Mr. Turner is a driver. He likes to drive in Beijing. Mrs. Turner is _6_ university teacher.
22、Betty, _7_daughter is a schoolgirl. They take a lot of photos here. _8_they are back to America, they will show them _9_their friends. They want _10_to know more about China. 1. A. A B. An C. The D. /2. A. A B. An C. The D. /3. A. This B. Those C. That D. These 4. A. in B. on C. at D. inside5. A. vi
23、sit B. visits C. to visit D. visiting6. A. a B. an C. the D. /7. A. our B. their C. his D. theirs8. A. Where B. What time C. When D. How9. A. with B. to C. for D. at10. A. the Americans B. the American C. the Chinese D. the USA三完形填空One day a rich man wanted to sell some goods(物品) in another town and
24、 buy some things there. He _1_ to take ten servants(仆人) with him. They would carry the goods and also some _2_ to eat on their way. The rich man said to _3_ of his servants, “Ali, you are the _4_ and the weakest one. You may _5_ the lightest load(担子) to carry.“ Ali thanked him and chose the _6_ load
25、. It was their food bread. The rich man said, “How foolish(愚蠢) you are! Thats the heaviest one.“ But Ali was _7_ to lift it up. And so they set off. Four hours _8_, they stopped for a rest. They all _9_ some of the bread. Then there was _10_ bread for Ali to carry. Each time they ate some, the load
26、became smaller and lighter. At last the clever servant had nothing to carry.第 8 页 共 12 页( ) 1. A. agreed B. liked C. decided D. refused( ) 2. A. food B. goods C. water D. meat( ) 3. A. all B. both C. none D. one( ) 4. A. tallest B. smallest C. busiest D. fastest( ) 5. A. find B. give C. choose D. ca
27、rry( ) 6. A. lightest B. smallest C. best D. biggest( ) 7. A. glad B. worried C. sorry D. tired( ) 8. A. early B. later C. past D. last( ) 9. A. loved B. put C. called D. ate( ) 10. A. more B. little C. less D. no四阅读理解ALook at the instructions on the bottle of the medicine and then choose the right
28、answers.John is twelve years old. He had a bad cold and coughed day and night. He went to see a doctor. The doctor gave him some cough medicine.Cough MedicineShake(动摇) it well before use. Take it three times each day before meals. Dose(药量): Age: over 14 2 teaspoonfuls(勺)8-13 1 teaspoonful4-7 1/2 tea
29、spoonfulNot right for children below the age of three. Put it in a cold place. Use it before December 1st, 2003.1. John should take _ a day.A. 2 teaspoonfuls B. 3 teaspoonfuls C. 4 teaspoonfuls D. 1 teaspoonfuls2. The medicine should be kept in _.A. a fridge B. hot water C. any place D. the sun3. Jo
30、hn should _ before he takes it.A. shake the medicine B. eat nothing C. do some exercise D. drink a cup of tea4. When people are _ years old, they cannot take this medicine.A. eighty B. thirty C. two D. twelve5. John will _ the medicine when it is left after Dec. 1 st, 2003.第 9 页 共 12 页A. throw away
31、B. stop to take C. take once D. take six times moreBA potato farmer was in prison(监狱). It was time to dig the field and plant the potatoes. He knew that his wife was not strong, and could not do the digging. And he also knew that no friends or neighbours would help his wife do the digging. So he wro
32、te a letter to his wife and said:“Please do not dig the potato field. I hid our money there.”The days later he got a letter from his wife. It said:“I think somebody read your letter before it got out of the prison. Some policemen came here two days ago and dug up the potato field. What shall I do no
33、w?”The farmer wrote back:“Plant the potatoes, of course.”1. Where was the potato farmer?A. In prison B. On his farm C. At home2. Which is true about the potato farmers wife?A. She was in prison too.B. She dug the potatoes field.C. She was not very strong and could not dig the potato field.3. Did the
34、 farmer hide their money in the potato field?A. Yes he did. B. No, he did not. C. I dont know.4. Who dug the potato field?A. The farmer. B. The farmers wife. C. Some policemen.5. Why did the policemen dig up the whole potato field?A. Because they wanted to help the farmer.B. Because they wanted to g
35、et the money in the field.C. Because they wanted to help the farmers wife.CThe best way of learning a language is using it. The best way of learning English is talking in English as much as possible. Sometimes youll get your words mixed up(混合) and people will not 第 10 页 共 12 页understand you. Sometim
36、es people will say things so quickly that you can t understand them. But if you keep your sense of humor(幽默感)，you can always have a good laugh at the mistakes you make. Dont be unhappy if people seem to be laughing at your mistakes. Its better for people to laugh at your mistakes than to be angry wi
37、th you，because they dont understand what you are saying. The most important thing for learning English is：“Dont be afraid of making mistakes because everyone makes mistakes.”1. The writer thinks that the best way for you to learn a language is _. A. writing B. listening C. using it D. learning gramm
38、ar2. What should you do in learning English? A. Be careful not to make any mistake. B. Write as quickly as you can. C. Laugh more often. D. Speak English as much as you can. 3. When people laugh at your mistakes，you should _. A. not care B. be happy C. feel worried D. be unhappy 4. When you make a m
39、istake，you should _. A. keep quiet B. keep your sense of humor C. be kind D. get angry 5. The story tells us：“_”. A. Only foolish(愚蠢的) people make mistakes B. Few people make mistakes C. People never make mistakes D. There is no one who doesnt make mistakesDMy name is LilyMy father is a teacherHis s
40、tudents love him a lot because he is funnyI love him too， but I think he can be foolish sometimesOnce we moved house and had to go shopping to buy new chairs and lightsIn the supermarketwe saw many beautiful lightsI like some of them and made my father buy themWhen we got homemy father began to work
41、 out how much money we had spent that daySuddenly, he stopped “Something is wrong ”he said， “I have got 300 yuan more than I should ”第 11 页 共 12 页“That s great,” I said,You can buy me that cartoon book then,”Father said nothing . Instead，he counted how much money he had again and again “The salesgir
42、l must have made a mistake(错误) We should go back to the shop， ”he said “Do we have to go back?”l asked， “Nobody will know she gave us too much changeIt would be foolish to go back ”“It would not be foolish， ”my father said angrily, “It s called being honest ”At that moment, I looked into his eyes an
43、d knew he was rightThe salesgirl was surprised to see us in the shop againBut when we gave her money, she thanked us a lotSuddenly my father stopped me and smiled “Do you still want that cartoon book?”he askedI looked at myfoolishfather and answered loudly, “Father, youre the greatest!” 1Why did the
44、y go to the shop?ATo buy chairs and lights BTo take a walkC To buy a cartoon book for Lily DJust to look around2Why didnt Lily let her father return the money to the shop? Because_ .Anobody knew what had happened (发生)B the shop was too far away C they were too tired to go back to the shopDshe wanted
45、 to buy a cartoon book with the money3Whats the meaning (意思)of the word “change” in the passage (文章) ?Asomething new Bsomething differentC small money Danother kind of money4. Why was her father angry when Lily didnt let him return the money? Because_.Ahe didnt like money B he didnt think it would b
46、e honestC he didnt want to buy the cartoon book for Lily Dhe was a funny teacher5. What do you think of Lilys father?AHes foolish BHes smart C Hes honest DHes bright五. 学生反思学到了什么? 一定也有疑问吧！第 12 页 共 12 页参考答案【即时即练 1】(1) a (2) a （3）an (4) a (5) A (6) an (7) a (8) an (9) a (10) an【即时即练 2】15 A C C B C 610 B A C B B【即时即练 3】15 D C A D A 68 B A D【即时即练 4】1. He plays with his friends after school every day .2. He can play the guitar. 3. Playing basketball is one of my hobbies.巩固提升 一、冠词填空1. a, an, the 2. a, an 3. An, a 或 Th
