1、英语四级翻译常用词汇：123 个中文高频成语翻译Automation 1502 YuDeyu一、复习建议：1. 加强历史、文化、经济以及社会发展相关热词的积累2. 广撒网，学习、揣摩这些话题相关的难点单句训练做这些单句训练时，先阅读 1 遍整个段落，专门挑出自己觉得比较难翻的句子，然后重点练习这一句的翻译。难句会了，简单句自然不在话下。在做单句翻译时，先尝试自己翻，翻完以后，对照答案，看解析，总结和揣摩其中好的词汇和表达。下面请大家跟着教研君给出的常考单句示例，具体学习吧1. 对于大多数年轻人来说，结婚意味着独立组建家庭，然而物价的不断上涨使这一切变得越来越困难。参考译文：For most y
2、oung people, marriage means setting up a family independently, which has become increasingly difficult because of the constantly rising prices.词汇点评：组建家庭：set up a family。有同学容易使用 start a family。start a family 表示 begin to have children“开始生儿育女”。越来越：一般看到“越来越”大家习惯译为 more and more，比如“越来越多的人”more and more p
3、eople，但译为 a growing number of people 可令人眼前为之一亮；而表达“变得越来越”的含义时，使用 become increasingly 的译法更好。物价的不断上涨：constantly rising prices，而不是 price rising。表达点评：本句是一个表转折关系的并列句，后半句中的“物价的不断上涨使这一切”中的“这一切”指代前半句中提到的“结婚意味着独立组建家庭”，因此，用 which 引导的非限制性定语从句，让整个句子简洁明了。使字句的翻译：“物价的不断上涨”是“这一切变得困难”的原因，因此处理为原因状语，用 because of来带出原因。
4、2. 过去十年中国房地产（real estate）行业高速发展。参考译文：The past decade has witnessed a high-speed development in Chinas real estate.词汇点评：十年：decade高速发展：develop rapidly; high-speed development表达点评：本句可直译为 For the past decade, Chinas real estate developed rapidly，但如果以“过去十年”作为主语，套用句型 time + see / witness + sth.则表达更加生动形象，更
5、易提分。see / witness 意为“见证，证明”，具体使用时注意时态应和语境一致。所以本句译为：The past decade has witnessed更地道，注意这里使用现在完成时。“过去十年”作主语时，注意动词短语“高速发展”要转换为名词短语。3. 胡同（Hutong）是北京的一大特色，有着与北京城一样久远的历史。参考译文：Hutong, with a history as long as that of Beijing city, is a major feature of Beijing.词汇点评：特色：feature; characteristic与一样：as as表达点评：
6、文化类段落翻译中经常考到“特色”一词的翻译，大家一定要牢记。前半句“胡同（Hutong）是北京的一大特色”是句子主干，后半句“有着与北京城一样久远的历史”可用介词短语 with a history as long as that of Beijing city 来表达，以插入语的形式置于主语之后，这样整个句子的中心更突出。二、考场“强心针”：1. 问：翻译过程中，表达优美重要，还是正确性重要？答：正确性更重要。如果觉得自己不能翻得特别好，那就首先保证尽可能少的语法错误，意思表达到即可，抓到分是关键。2. 问：平时积累了不少词汇和表达，到了翻译段落时，突然不会了，最后翻得不是太好？答：这种情况分
7、两种原因：1）太急着下笔，段落含义没有理解透彻。同学在做汉译英时，一定要首先认真把整个中文段落多读几遍，理顺其中隐含的逻辑关系和信息，确定用哪个词做主语、谓语、定语，然后再下笔真正开始翻译。2）同学的语法功底稍有欠缺，这种情况，尽量把汉语的长句子拆成短句子。同样是要多读中文，才能先把中文拆分好，然后逐句、逐句去翻译。3. 问：我翻译的时态总跟答案的时态有出入，怎么办？答：举几个实例来跟同学讲解下。1）遇到“近年来某种现象越来越”的表达。首先揣摩该现象是否有“正在进行而且将一直持续下去的趋势”，如果符合该条件，使用现在进行时就可以把这个隐含意义完美表达出来。2）强调过去某一现象或从过去延续至今的
8、动作对现在造成的影响，多用现在完成时态。比如“过去十年，中国的房地产业经历了前所未有的高速增长。”这句中就要使用现在完成时态而非一般过去时。11.大事化小小事化了 try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all12.大开眼界 open ones eyes; broaden ones horizon; be an eye-opener13.国泰民安 The country flourishes and people live in peace 14.过犹不及 go
9、ing too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little15.功夫不负有心人 Everything comes to him who waits.16.好了伤疤忘了疼 once on shore, one prays no more17.好事不出门恶事传千里 Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide.18.和气生财 H
10、armony brings wealth.19.活到老学到老 One is never too old to learn.20.既往不咎 let bygones be bygones21.金无足赤人无完人 Gold cant be pure and man cant be perfect.22.金玉满堂 Treasures fill the home.23.脚踏实地 be down-to-earth24.脚踩两只船 sit on the fence25.君子之交淡如水 the friendship between gentlemen is as pure as crystal; a hedge
11、 between keeps friendship green26.老生常谈陈词滥调 cut and dried, clich27.礼尚往来 Courtesy calls for reciprocity.28.留得青山在不怕没柴烧 Where there is life, there is hope.29.马到成功 achieve immediate victory; win instant success30.名利双收 gain in both fame and wealth31.茅塞顿开 be suddenly enlightened32.没有规矩不成方圆 Nothing can be a
12、ccomplished without norms or standards. 33.每逢佳节倍思亲 On festive occasions more than ever one thinks of ones dear ones far away.It is on the festival occasions when one misses his dear most.34.谋事在人成事在天 The planning lies with man, the outcome with Heaven. Man proposes, God disposes.35.弄巧成拙 be too smart
13、by half; Cunning outwits itself36.拿手好戏 masterpiece37.赔了夫人又折兵 throw good money after bad38.抛砖引玉 a modest spur to induce others to come forward with valuable contributions; throw a sprat to catch a whale39.破釜沉舟 cut off all means of retreat；burn ones own way of retreat and be determined to fight to the
14、 end40.抢得先机 take the preemptive opportunities41.巧妇难为无米之炊 If you have no hand you cant make a fist. One cant make bricks without straw.42.千里之行始于足下 a thousand-li journey begins with the first step-the highest eminence is to be gained step by step43.前事不忘后事之师 Past experience, if not forgotten, is a guid
15、e for the future. 44.前人栽树后人乘凉 One generation plants the trees in whose shade another generation rests.One sows and another reaps.45.前怕狼后怕虎 fear the wolf in front and the tiger behind hesitate in doing something46.强龙难压地头蛇 Even a dragon (from the outside) finds it hard to control a snake in its old ha
16、unt - Powerful outsiders can hardly afford to neglect local bullies.47.强强联手 win-win co-operation48.瑞雪兆丰年 A timely snow promises a good harvest.49.人之初性本善 Mans nature at birth is good.50.人逢喜事精神爽 Joy puts heart into a man.51.人海战术 huge-crowd strategy52.世上无难事只要肯攀登 Where there is a will, there is a way.53
17、.世外桃源 a fictitious land of peace away from the turmoil of the world;54.死而后已 until my heart stops beating55.岁岁平安 Peace all year round.56.上有天堂下有苏杭 Just as there is paradise in heaven, ther are Suzhou and Hangzhou on earth57.塞翁失马焉知非福 Misfortune may be an actual blessing.58.三十而立 A man should be independ
18、ent at the age of thirty.At thirty, a man should be able to think for himself.59.升级换代 updating and upgrading (of products)60.四十不惑 Life begins at forty.73.团结就是力量 Unity is strength.74. “跳进黄河洗不清” eve if one jumped into the Yellow River, one can not wash oneself clean-theres nothing one can do to clear
19、ones name 75. 歪风邪气 unhealthy practices and evil phenomena76. 物以类聚，人以群分 Birds of a feather flock together.77. 往事如风The past has vanished (from memory) like wind.; What in past, is pas78. 望子成龙 hold high hopes for ones child79. 屋漏又逢连阴雨 Misfortunes never come singly. When it rains it pours.80. 文韬武略 milit
20、ary expertise; military strategy81. 唯利是图 draw water to ones mill82. 无源之水, 无本之木 water without a source, and a tree wiithout roots83. 无中生有 make create something out of nothing84. 无风不起浪 There are no waves without wind. Theres no smoke without fire. 85.徇私枉法 bend the law for the benefit of relatives or f
21、riends86. 新官上任三把火 a new broom sweeps clean87. 虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后 Modesty helps one go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.88. 蓄势而发 accumulate strength for a take-off89. 心想事成 May all your wish come true90. 心照不宣 have a tacit understanding; give tacit consent; tacit understanding102.有钱能使鬼推磨 Money
22、makes the mare go. Money talks.103. 有识之士 people of vision104. 有勇无谋 use brawn rather than brain105. 有缘千里来相会 Separated as we are thousands of miles apart, we come together as if by predestination.106. 与时俱进 advance with times107. 以人为本 people oriented; people foremost108. 因材施教 teach students according t
23、o their aptitude109. 欲穷千里目，更上一层楼to ascend another storey to see a thousand miles further; Ascend further, were you to look farther; Would eye embrace a thousand miles? Go up, one flight. a land of milk and honey110. 欲速则不达 Haste does not bring success.111. 优胜劣汰 survival of the fittest112. 英雄所见略同 Grea
24、t minds think alike.113. 冤家宜解不宜结 Better make friends than make enemies.114. 冤假错案 cases in which people were unjustly, falsely or wrongly charged or sentenced; unjust, false or wrong cases115. 一言既出，驷马难追 A real man never goes back on his words.116. 招财进宝 Money and treasures will be plentiful117. 债台高筑 b
25、ecome debt-ridden119. 众矢之的 target of public criticism120. 知己知彼 ,百战不殆 Know the enemy and know yourself, and you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat.121. 纸上谈兵 be an armchair strategist122. 纸包不住火 Truth will come to light sooner or later.123. 左右为难 between the devil and the deep blue sea
26、中国社会常用词多元文化论 cultural pluralism 文化适应 acculturation 社会保障 social security 班车 shuttle bus相定迁户 a relocated unit or household 大龄青年 single youth above the normal matrimonial age独生子女 the only child in a family 单亲 single parent 福利彩票 welfare lotteries 家政服务 household management service 民工 migrant laborers 名人
27、celebrity农村剩余劳动力 surplus rural labor/laborers 青春期 puberty全民健身运动 nationwide fitness campaign 全国人口普查 nationwide census 社会保险 social insurance 暂住证 temporary residence permit/card 青少年犯罪 juvenile delinquency 性骚扰 sexual harassment 走私 smuggling*性另歧视 gender/sexual discrimination 年龄歧视 age discrimination 工作歧视
28、job discrimination 享乐主义 hedonism 文盲 illiteracy贫富分化 disparity between the rich and the poor 盗版 pirated/illegal copies 一国两制 One Country, Two Systems 三个代表 the Three Represents Theory 两会（人大、政协）Two Conferences (NPC and CPPCC)南南合作 South-South Cooperation南北对话 North-South Dialog人大常委会 Peoples Congress Standi
29、ng Committee法制观念 awareness of law法制国家 a country with an adequate legal system改革开放 reform and opening-up公务员 civil servants官僚主义作风 the bureaucratic style of work 和谐并存 harmonious coexistence 计划生育 family planning计划生育基本国策 the basic state policy of family planning4 青才申文明建设 the construction of spiritual civ
30、ilization 居委会 neighborhood committee科教兴国 national rejuvenation through science and education 可持续发展 sustainable development 廉洁高效 honesty and high efficiency 两岸关系 cross-straits relations 两岸谈判 cross-straits negotiations 领 土完整 territorial integrity 民族精神 national spirit 普选制 general election system求同存异 se
31、ek common ground while shelving differences 人大代表 NPC member物质文明和精神文明 material and spiritual civilization小康社会 a well-off society小康水平 a well-off standard一个中国原则 the one-China principle与时俱进 keep pace with the times综合国力 overall national strength共同愿望 common desire“走出去” （战略）going global不结盟 non-alignment单边主
32、义 unilateralism多边政策 multilateralism多极世界 multipolar world人 口 老龄化 aging of population人口出生率 birth rate社区月服务 community service道德法庭 court of ethics盗用公款 embezzlement成人夜校 night school for adults在职进修班 on-job training courses政治思想教育 political and ideological education毕业生分酉己 graduate placement; assignment of g
33、raduate充电 update ones knowledge初等教育 elementary education大学城 college town大学社区 college community高等教育 higher education高等教育“211 工程” the “211 Project” for higher education高等学府 institution of higher education综合性大学 comprehensive university文科院校 colleges of (liberal) arts理工科大学 college / university of science
34、 and engineering师范学院 teachers college; normal college高分低能 high scores and low abilities高考(university/college) entrance examination高校扩招 the college expansion plan教育界 education circle教育投入 input in education九年义务教育 nine-year compulsory education考研 take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools课外活动 ext
35、racurricular activities必修课 required/compulsory course 选修课 elective/optional course 基础课 basic courses 专业课 specialized courses 课程表 school schedule 教学大纲 teaching program; syllabus 学习年限 period of schooling 学历 record of formal schooling 学分 credit启发式教学 heuristic teaching 人才交流 talent exchange 人才战 competiti
36、on for talented people 商务英语证书 Business English Certificate (BEC) 适龄儿重入学率 enrollment rate for children of school age升学率 proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade; enrollment rate总需求 aggregate demand 总供给 aggregate supply 企业文化 corporate/entrepreneurial culture 企业形象 corporate image (Cl);
37、 enterprise image 跨国公司 cross-national corporation 创业精神 enterprising spirit; pioneering spirit 外资企业 foreign-funded enterprise猎头公司 head-hunter 假日经济 holiday economy 人力资本 human capital 航空和航天工业 aerospace industry 飞机制造工业 aircraft industry 电子工业 electronic industry 汽车制造工业 car industry 娱乐业 entertainment indu
38、stry 信息产业 information industry 知识密集型产业 knowledge-intensive industry 国有大中型企业 large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises 轻工业 light industry 博彩业 lottery industry 制造业 manufacturing industry 垄断行业 monopoly industries 市场多元化 market diversification 市场经济 market economy 市场监管 market supervision 购买力 purchasi
39、ng power 熊市 bear market 牛市 bull market 城镇化 urbanization 房地产 real estate 首付 down-payment 业主 home owner个人购房贷款 individual housing loan 经济全球化 economic globalization 经济特区 special economic zones (SEZ)经济增长 economic growth 泡沫经济 bubble economy 关税 tariff纳税人 tax payer 宏观经济 macro economy 货币投放量 the size of money
40、 supply 流动性过剩 excess liquidity 经济过热 overheated economy 通货膨胀 inflation 抑制通货膨胀 curb inflation 注入流动性 to inject liquidity 贴现率 discount rate存款准备金率 reserve requirement ratio (RRR)公开市场业务 open market operation (OMO)逆回购 reverse repurchase agreement; reverse repo 引导降低市场借贷成本 to guide the market borrowing costs
41、 to a lower level 稳健的货币政策 prudent monetary policy 微调货币政策 to fine-tune monetary policy硬着陆 hard landing 软着陆 soft landing 二十国集团 Group of Twenty (G2O)财政部长 Finance Minister全年预期经济增长目标 the expected growth target for the whole year 经济活力 economic vitality大规模经济刺激计划 a massive economic stimulus package 结构改革 str
42、uctural reform硬资产 hard assets 软资产 soft assets 有形资产 tangible assets 经济走廊 economic corridor 整顿市场秩序 to rectify the market order 反垄断 antitrust; anti-monopoly 定价浮动 price fluctuations 谋求利益最大化 to maximize profit 债务审计 audit of debt地方性政府债务 local government debt/liability 公共财政体制改革 an overhaul of the public fi
43、nance system债务管理 debt management 信用支持 credit support京剧 Peking opera 秦腔 Qin opera 功夫 Kungfo 太极 Tai Chi 口 技 ventriloquism 木偶戏 puppet show 皮影戏 shadowplay 折子戏 opera highlights 杂技 acrobatics 相声 witty dialogue comedy 刺绣 embroidery 苏绣 Suzhou embroidery 泥人 clay figure 书法 calligraphy中国画 traditional Chinese p
44、ainting 水墨画 Chinese brush painting 中国结 Chinese knot中国古代四大发明 the four great inventions of ancient China 火药 gunpowder 印刷术 printing 造纸术 paper-making 指南针 the compass 青铜器 bronze ware 瓷器 porcelain; china唐三彩 tri-color glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty景泰蓝 cloisonne秋千 swing武术 martial arts儒家思想 Confucianism儒家
45、文化 Confucian culture道教 Taoism墨家 Mohism法家 Legalism佛教 Buddhism孔子 Confucius孟子 Mencius老子 Lao Tzu庄子 Chuang Tzu墨子 Mo Tzu孙子 Sun Tzu象形文字 pictographic characters文房四宝（笔墨纸观）the Four Treasures of the Study (brush, ink stick, paper, and ink stone)大学The Great Learning中庸The Doctrine of the Mean论语The Analects of Co
46、nfucius孟子The Mencius孙子兵法The Art of War三国演义Three Kingdoms西游爷己Journey to the West红楼梦Dream of the Red Mansions水浒传Heroes of the Marshes山海经The Classic of Mountains and Rivers资治通鉴History as a Mirror春秋The Spring and Autumn Annals史记Historical Records诗经The Book of Songs易经The I Ching; The Book of Changes礼记The
47、 Book of Rites三字经Three-character Scriptures八股文 eight-part essay五言绝句 five-character quatrain七言律诗 seven-character octave旗袍 cheongsam中山装 Chinese tunic suit唐装 Tang suit风水 Fengshui; geomantic omen 阳历 Solar calendar 阴历 Lunar calendar 闰年 leap year 十二生肖 zodiac 春节 the Spring Festival 元宵节 the Lantern Festival
48、清明节 the Tomb-sweeping Day 端午节 the Dragon-boat Festival 中秋节 the Mid-autumn Day 重阳节 the Double-ninth Day 七夕节 the Double-seventh Day 春联 spring couplets 庙会 temple fair 爆竹 firecracker年画（traditional) New Year pictures 压岁钱 New Year gift-money舞龙 dragon dance元宵 sweet sticky rice dumplings 花灯 festival lantern
49、灯谜 lantern riddle舞狮 lion dance踩高跷 stilt walking赛龙舟 dragon boat race胡同 hutong山东菜 Shandong cuisine 川菜 Sichuan cuisine 粤菜 Canton cuisine 扬州菜 Yangzhou cuisine 月饼 moon cake 年糕 rice cake 油条 deep-fried dough sticks 豆浆 soybean milk 馒头 steamed buns 花卷 steamed twisted rolls 包子 steamed stuffed buns 北京烤鸭 Beijing roast duck 拉面 hand-stretched noodles 馄饨 wonton (dumplings in soup)豆腐 tofu? bean curd 麻花 fried dough twist 烧饼 clay oven rolls 皮蛋 100-year egg; century egg 蛋炒饭 fried rice with egg 糖葫芦 tomatoes on sticks 火锅 hot pot长城 the Grea
