1、the scope of pediatrics the characteristic of pediatrics the developmental periods across childhood current challenges in pediatrics,contents,the scope of pediatrics the characteristic of pediatrics the developmental periods across childhood current challenges in pediatrics,contents,Pediatrics is co
2、ncerned with the childs physical, mental, and psychosocial health.,Children: 0-18years,The field of pediatrics is about childrens health and the factors that affect their health.,A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.,- WHO,194
3、8,HEALTH,Developmental Pediatrics,Preventive Pediatrics,Clinical Pediatrics,Its the science to study of growth and development of child from moment of conception through adolescence, including physical growth and neuro-psychologicaldevelopment.,Developmental Pediatrics,Preventive pediatrics,Preventi
4、ve in the health care of infants, children, and adolescents is at the core of the field of pediatrics.,Preventive services such as immunization, screening, and counseling, now are the cornerstone of pediatric practice, replacing the need to diagnose and treat formerly common childhood disease.,Prima
5、ry Prevention,Secondary Prevention,Tertiary Prevention,the measures of health promotion: ex. nutrition, health education, physical activity, Immunization, accident prevention, mental health and well entironment, etc.,the measures of preventing diseases to happen. ex. growth supervision, newborns scr
6、eening, prenatal examination etc.,treatment of ill children and rehabilitation,Clinical pediatrics,To investigate or research the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in pediatrics.,Pediatrics divides into sub-speciality according to diseases relate to organ system,Digestive system Respiratory system
7、 Hematology Nephrology and urology,Endocrinology Dermatology Cardiovascular Neurology etc.,Primary child care Infectious disease etc.,Pediatrics divides into sub-speciality basing on childs age,Perinatology Neonatology Adolescent medicine,the scope of pediatrics the characteristic of pediatrics the
8、developmental periods across childhood current challenges in pediatrics,contents,Anatomy,Physiology,Normal resting pulse rate and respiratory rate in children,Age beats/min breaths/min newborn 140 40 5ys 100 2515ys 70 20,ex. Typical sleep requirements in children,Pathology,acute lobar pneumonia,bron
9、chopneumonia,miliary tuberculosis,advanced pulmonary tuberculosis (Arrows indicate the location of cavities within these light areas ),Pathology,Clinical aspect,the category of diseasesex. congenitalInfectious,the manifestation of diseases ex. acutechangeful,the diagnosis of disease The treatment of
10、 disease the prognosis of disease,Clinical aspect,the scope of pediatrics the characteristic of pediatrics the developmental periods across childhood current challenges in pediatrics,contents,embryo:0-12ws middle fetus:13-28ws late fetus: 29-40ws,fetal period,perinatal period,This period is the inte
11、rval from 28ws of gestation until the 7th day after birth.,This period (the late fetal-early neonatal period) is the time of life with the hightest mortality rate of any age interval.,Full-term infant 37 GA 42ws Preterm infant GA 37ws Post-term infant GA 42ws,*the meaning of several terms,GA: gestat
12、ional age,Infant period (0-1y),neonatal period(0-28ds),Toddler period (1-3ys),preschool years (3-5ys),school age(6-11ys),Adolescence (teenager),*individual variation,10-20years,胎儿后期胎儿中期胚胎期,围产期:胎儿28周-新生儿1周,40周,28周,12周,0,幼儿期 (1-2岁组),不足1岁 28日1周,婴儿期 (0岁组),学前期 (3-5岁组),不足6岁,学龄期 (6-11岁组),不足12岁,青春后期 (3-4年)
13、青春期 (2-4年) 青春前期 (2-3年),21岁,18岁,13岁,体格生长停止 第二性征性发育成熟 第二性征出现女9-11岁,男11-13岁,婴儿新生儿,不足3岁,*summary,the scope of pediatrics the characteristic of pediatrics the developmental periods across childhood current challenges in pediatrics,contents,health disparities childrens social, cognitive, and emotional liv
14、es congenital and genetic disordersenvironmental factors that affect optimal outcome of child health,Current challenges,National socioecnomic conditions and child health based on UNICEF, State of the Worlds Children, 2006,2006年部分国家儿童基础指标的比较 (2008年世界儿童状况),我国历年儿童死亡率城乡差别 全国监测资料,childhood antecedents of
15、 adult health conditions, such as depression, obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemias a greater percentage of preterm, low birth weight, or very low birth weight newborns are surviving congenital malformations malignant neoplasms,clinicians need to practice as part of an expanded healthcare term.
16、 many clinicians, especially pediatricians need to practice collaboratively with psychiatrists, psychologists, nurses, lawyers, and social workers.,Children are our future, and it is among the highest callings to be involved in their care and nurture.The field of pediatrics is about the health care of those individuals who will make the future of the world possible.,Reference,Illustrated Textbook of pediatrics, the 3rd. Edition 2. Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics, the 5th. Edition3. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, the 18th. Edition 4. 儿科学 第7版 人民卫生出版社5. 儿科学(七年制) 第1版 人民卫生出版社,