1、翻译技巧：词的增减,词的增补,谁都知道朝鲜战场是艰苦些。Everyone knows that life on the Korean battlefield was rather hard.班门弄斧Show off ones proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter.,“我死了以后有我的儿子，儿子死了又有孙子，子子孙孙是没有穷尽的。”（愚公移山）After I die, my son will carry on the job; and after my sons die, my grandsons will car
2、ry on the job. Then there will be their sons and grandsons and so on to the infinity!为此我拼命干活，连春节也不例外. So I worked like mad, even during the Spring Festival season when everybody else was enjoying the holidays.,词的省略,省略词语决不意味着可以随意删节原文的词句，而必须同样遵守一些原则。大致有三点，即省去的词语必须是：1、在译文中看来是可有可无的或是多余的2、其意思已经包含在上下文里3、其
3、含义在译文中是不言而喻的,词的省略,具体技巧如下： 省略重复的词语，包括谓语、宾语、类似结构等。 省略中文里的无意义口头语、语气词或固定搭配等。 省略中文里出现的表范畴的虚词。 省略或转换影响译文句子结构和修辞的词。,汉语中为了讲究句子的平衡、气势、韵调，常常使用排比、对仗、重复等修辞手段。因此汉语句子中，一些词或词组重复使用的现象和结构类似、含义相同的几个词或词组组连用的现象，是相当普遍地。英语则不然。因此，在翻译时，汉语原文中含义重复的词语往往只译出其中一个，其余部分省略。,一、省略重复的词语,一、省略重复的词语,铜墙铁壁Bastion of iron/A wall of bronze 能
4、说会道To have the gift of the gab 广大人民群众是懂得这个道理的。This point is well understood by the masses.,一、省略重复的词语,生也好，死也好，我们要忠于党，忠于人民，忠于祖国。 Live or die, we should be loyal to our Party, to our people and to our motherland. 俘虏望望沈振新，又望望其他的人，没有再说下去。 Looking at Shen Zhenxin, then at the others, the prisoner fell sil
5、ent.,一、省略重复的词语,他们为国家作的贡献比我们所作的贡献要大的多。They have done much more contributions to the state than we have. 我们要培养分析问题、解决问题的能力We should develop our ability to analyze and solve problems.,汉语中有不少口头语如“就”、“来”、“一”、 “里”、“老”、 “也好”、“再说”等词，没有实际意义，可以不译。 啰里啰嗦（prolixity）、生也好，死也好（Live or die） 她就是这种脾气。That is her tempe
6、r!（本句中如用this就无法表达语气。）,二、省略口头语,等他回国再说！Lets wait until he is back to China.(Chinglish: and speak it again) 他一开口总是三句话不离他女朋友。He can hardly open his mouth without talking about his girlfriend.,二、省略口头语,二、省略固定搭配,有些前后意思已经很明确的动宾短语，可以省去搭配的动词不译，只译宾语。 总理在出席音乐会之前还有许多工作要做。The premier had a lot of work to do befor
7、e the concert. 她连续讲了两个小时的法语，没有出现任何错误。She has been talking in French for two hours without any mistakes.,汉语里有些名词，如“任务”、“工作”、“情况”、“状态”、“问题”、“制度”、“事业”、“局面”、“情景”、“面貌”等等通常有具体的含义，自然应当照译。但是它们用来表明范畴时，则失去了具体含义，一般可以省略不译，或者用抽象名词代译。如，“分析问题”中的“问题”一词，就有具体含义，非译出不可。而“人民内部矛盾问题”中的“矛盾”就是一种“问题”， “问题”则是表示“矛盾”所属的范畴，不必译出，
8、只需译作Contradictions among the people,三、省略范畴虚词,中国足球的落后状态必须改变。The backwardness of Chinese football must be changed. 师生关系愈好，就愈有利于教学水平的提高。The better/ closer relations between teachers and students, the more chances for improving teaching (level). 我还鲜明地记得和周恩来总理第一次见面的情景。I still remember clearly my first me
9、eting with Premier Zhou Enlai.,三、省略范畴虚词,汉语中，有时为了语言生动、简练，常用具体形象或成语作比喻，有时为了加强语气，可以连续使用好几个短句。 在翻译这类句子时，某些词语往往省去不译，或加以简化和压缩。不然译文必然拖泥带水，松散无力，反而失掉原文的特色。,四、省略影响译文的词,省略技巧： 译出主要的和不可缺少的词语。 略去次要的或不言而喻的词语。 将具体的词语抽象概括为笼统的概念词。,四、省略影响译文的词,花园里面是人间的乐园，有的是吃不了的大米白面，穿不完的绫罗绸缎，花不完的金银财宝。（周而复上海的早晨）分析：原文中的“大米白面”，“绫罗绸缎”，“金银财
10、宝”等四字词组分别指吃、穿、花可直截了当译成food,clothes,money虽然丧失了原文四字词组的特点和其比喻性，但在文字表达上仍不失为简洁明了，并符合英语习惯。如果按照原文逐字译出，句子会显得累赘，臃肿。,四、省略影响译文的词,The garden was a paradise on earth, with more food and clothes than could be consumed and more money than could be spent.,四、省略影响译文的词,6 月1 日举行了盛大的奉安大典，孙中山先生的棂枢从北京西郊碧云寺运回南京安葬。 这架电视机真是价
11、廉物美。 我在等待几个高中同学的到来。 我们说，长征是历史记录上的第一次，长征是宣言书，长征是宣传队，长征是播种机。 我昨天没进城，一来是因为天气不好，二来是因为我不舒服。 前怕狼后怕虎的态度不能造就干部。,减译技巧练习,ANSWERS,On June 1, a grand funeral service was held. The coffin of the late Sun Yat Sen was removed from Temple of Azure Cloud in the western suburb of Beijing to Nanjing for burial. This t
12、elevision set is really cheap ( in price ) and fine ( in quality ). Im waiting for some high-school classmates. The Long March is the first of its kind in the annals of history that it is a manifesto, a propaganda force, a seeding-machine. I didnt go to town yesterday both because of the nasty weath
13、er and the fact that I was not feeling myself. “Fearing dragons ahead and tigers behind“ will not produce cadres.,形合 (Hypostasis),让壁立的岩石，静静流着的小河，风过处便窃窃私语的树林，都作为自己的亲密邻居。 All the company she had were the steep cliffs, the gently flowing stream, and the trees that whispered in the wind.,形合 (Hypostasis)
14、,汉朝人在宫殿和墓前的石室里，多喜欢绘画或雕刻古来的帝王、孔子的弟子、列士、列女、孝子之类的图。 People of the Han Dynasty liked to have paintings or caved relief of rulers of old, disciples of Confucius, eminent scholars and ladies and filial sons in the palaces or the stone chambers before their tombs.,形合 (Hypostasis),不必说碧绿的菜畦，光滑的石井栏，高大的皂荚树，紫红的
15、桑椹 I need not speak of the green vegetable plots, the slippery stone coping round the well, the tall honey locust tree, or the purple mulberries.,形合 (Hypostasis),尽着他的腿的力量走了一天，问了一天，没有消息。 As long as his legs would move he walked on, asking, but by the end of the day he still had no news.,形合 (Hypostasi
16、s),七股大水，从水库的桥孔跃出，仿佛七幅闪光黄锦，直铺下去，碰着嶙峋的乱石，激起一片雪白水珠，脱线一般，撒在洄漩的水面。 Seven torrents were rushing through the archways of the bridge like seven glittering rolls of cloth of gold cascading on to the jagged rocks below and scattering snow-white bubbles like a string of broken beads on the swirling water.,形合 (
17、Hypostasis),月光如流水一般，静静地泻在这一片叶子和花上。薄薄的青雾浮起在荷塘里，叶子和花仿佛在牛乳中洗过一样；又像笼着轻纱的梦 Moonlight cascaded like water over the locus leaves and flowers, and a light blue mist floating up from the pool made them seem washed in milk or caught in a gauzy dream.,形合 (Hypostasis),另一方面，必须用上述材料进行广泛宣传，使人们认识到，自然保护区是保护自然及文化遗产的基
18、本单位，它们是在人类进步里程中长期斗争中形成的，对经济建设有着重要作用。 On the other hand, it is necessary to carry on the extensive publicity, enabling the public to know that the protected areas are the basic unit of the management of the natural and cultural heritages which are formed in the struggle process against the nature by
19、human beings and will play an important role in the economic construction.,形合 (Hypostasis),为保护海洋环境，促进海洋经济发展，必须提高对海洋环境监测的认识，增加投入，加强“热点“海域的监测，减少海洋的损失，加强海洋生物监测，避免潜伏的海洋灾害发生。 In order to promote the development of sustainable marine economy and conserve marine environment, we should pay great attention t
20、o reinforcing awareness of marine environmental monitoring, increasing investment and strengthening the monitoring in “hot spots“ as well as biological monitoring to avoid marine calamity.,形合 (Hypostasis),饭菜虽然简单，但别有一番风味，屋外一团漆黑，穿过松林的风发出如火车的轰鸣声，我们在摇曳不定的煤油灯下豪情与老人干杯。 When we enjoyed the simple but tasty
21、 food and drank cheerful toasts with the old man under the flickering oil-lamp, darkness reigned the outside world where the wind was thundering through the pinewood like a train.,形合 (Hypostasis),仍像往常一样，把晴美的阳光抹上满峡的树林，叫带露的树叶都亮得耀人的眼睛。 Just as on any other day, the morning sun spread its fine light ove
22、r the wooded valley, till the dewy leaves and grass glistened with a dazzling brightness.,音译(transliteration),胡同-hutong 饺子-jiaozi 武术-wushu 普通话-putonghua 旗袍-qipao 上海-Shanghai 功夫-gongfu 乒乓：ping-pong 豆腐-tofu 炒面-chow mien,习语(Idioms),男男女女都七嘴八舌地说出他们的惦记和盼念。 With seven mouths and eight tongues, all were tal
23、king together. They tried to tell how they had missed him.,习语(Idioms),只有破釜沉舟地跟他们拼，还许有翻身的一天。 All you can do is to burn your boats and fight them in the hope that one day youll come out on top. 梅她一个单身人，无亲无故。 Mei was all by herself and far from home, without a single relative or friend to help her.,习语(
24、Idioms),冷淡的阳关照着他们的愁眉苦脸和长发白眼。 The cold, pale sunlight fell on their gloomy faces, long hair and lusterless eyes. 螳螂捕蝉，黄雀在后 The mantis stalks the cicada, unaware of the oriole lurking behind itself. 树倒猢狲散 Once the tree falls, the monkeys on it will flee helter-skelter.,习语(Idioms),她不满意人家说她是三枪打不出一个闷屁的落后的人。 It annoyed her that people should say that she was backward and that no amount of coaxing would open her mouth to speak. (用相对应的英语粗俗语来代替汉语粗俗语。) 混蛋！再打一个电话去！叫他马上来见我！ “You blasted idiots! Go and ring him up again and tell him to come round at once!“,
