1、2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,1,液晶顯示器驅動系統,課程大綱 液晶物質簡介 液晶的電光效應 液晶基本驅動原理 STN LCDs 驅動原理 TFT LCDs 驅動原理 影響TFT LCDs 畫面品質的因素 Driver IC 簡介 TFT LCDs 模組及介面技術簡介 WHQ,绿显电子科技 http:/,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,2,液晶物質的相變化,固體結晶,液晶,液體,加熱,加熱,冷卻,冷卻,绿显电子科技 http:/,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,3,液晶分子的種類,绿显电子科技 http:/,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 h
2、ttp:/,4,液晶分子的排列,Crystalline,Liquid Crystalline,Liquid,K SmC SmA N L,Biaxial,Unaxial,Isotropic,Temperature,绿显电子科技 http:/,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,5,液晶的分類,绿显电子科技 http:/,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,6,液晶的電光特性,異向性 (Anisotropic) 排列因數 ( ) 折射率 ( ) 黏滯係數 ( ) 介電係數 ( ) 電導係數 磁化率 彈性係數 ( ),2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,7,液晶的
3、光學特性,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,8,液晶驅動原理,電極,電極,液晶,Field OFF,Field ON,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,9,液晶顯示器主要優缺點,優點 低電壓驅動。 低消耗電流。 體積薄,重量輕。 可實現大面積化。 彩色化容易。 缺點 視角限制。 外加被光源或投射光源。 溫度操作範圍限制。,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,10,液晶顯示器的種類,液晶 顯示器,扭轉型 (Twinst Nematic, TN) 1971 超扭轉型 (Super Twinst Nematic, STN) 1984雙層雙扭轉型 (Double
4、 Layer STN, DSTN)1987光相位補償超扭轉型 (Film STN, FSTN)1988主動驅動超扭轉型 (AASTN or MLS STN) 1992 強介電型 (Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal : FLC) 1980 PDLC (Polymer Dispersive LC) 1988PSCT (Polymer Stabilized Cholesteric Texture) 1993 OtherDS (Dynamic Scattering) 1968PC (Phase Change) 1968GH (Guest Host) 1968ECB (Elcet
5、rical Control Birefregency) 1971 BTN (Bistable Twist Nematic) 1995 IPS (In Plane Switch) 1995 VA (Vertical Alignment)1996,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,11,TN 型 LCDs 顯示原理,液晶分子,Field OFF,Field ON,利用液晶的旋光特性 調變穿透光線,液晶的旋光特性消失,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,12,STN LCDs 顯示原理,液晶分子,Field OFF,利用液晶的雙折射 特性調變穿透光線,2019/6/29,绿
6、显电子科技 http:/,13,TN & STN 電光轉移曲線 V-T Curve,100%,90%,10%,Vns STN,Vs STN,Vs TN,Vns TN,T,V,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,14,TN 與 STN 的電壓漂移,T,100%,V,STN Mode,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,15,LCDs 驅動方式,直接驅動法 (Direction Addressing) 靜態驅動法 (Static Addressing) 多工驅動法 (Multiplex Addressing) 主動驅動法 (Active Addressing / Multi
7、-Line Selection) 主動矩陣驅動法 (Active Matrix Addressing) 兩端元件 (MIM, Diode) 三端元件 (A-Si:H TFT, Ploy-Si TFT ) Plasma Addressing (PALC) 熱掃描驅動法 (雷射掃描) 光掃描驅動法 (電子速掃描,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,16,LCDs 靜態驅動法,Vsig,Vc,Vs,Vc-Vs,ON,OFF,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,17,多工驅動法 (振幅選擇驅動法, APT),2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,18,多工驅動法的限制
8、,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,19,APT 驅動波形,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,20,IAPT 驅動波形,APT Addressing,IAPT Addressing,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,21,APT 與 IAPT 方式比較,APT Addressing Low Voltage Segment Driver : 2D High Voltage Common Driver : 2F IAPT Addressing Offset +D for Positive Polarity Offset +F for Negative Po
9、larity Voltage Range of Segment Driver : F+D Voltage Range of Common Driver : F+D,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,22,高容量多工驅動的對策,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,23,STN LCDs 規格,Operation Voltage Vop :,Bias Ratio :,Steepness :,Selection Ratio :,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,24,STN LCDs 驅動電壓計算,If Voff=2V, N=240 rows, Then :,
10、APT : Segment Driver : 2.96V, Common Driver : 44.40V IAPT : Segment & Common Drivers : 23.68V,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,25,STN LCDs Drivers 架構,移位暫存器(Shifter Register),DCLK,串列輸入訊號,.閂鎖暫存器(Latch Register),LP,F+D,0,F-D,2D,偏,壓,位,準,DF,(HLHL.H),H,L,H,H,並列輸出,垂直訊號電極,2D,0,2D,2D,IAPT 參考電壓,IAPT 驅動 IC,2019/6/29,绿显
11、电子科技 http:/,26,灰階顯示 FRC,Frame Rate Control, FRC :,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,27,灰階顯示 PWM,Pulse Width Modulation, PWM :,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,28,灰階顯示 PHM,Pulse High Modulation, PHM :,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,29,液晶的頻率響應,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,30,Vertical Crosstalk of STN LCDs,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,31
12、,Horizontal Crosstalk of STN LCDs,A,B,A,B,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,32,Frame Response of STN LCDs,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,33,Active Addressing for STN LCDs,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,34,Active Addressing 驅動電壓,If Voff=2V, N=240 rows, Then :F = 0.730 X 2V = 1.460V |G| = 0.954 X 2V = 21.909VOutput Range of
13、Segment Driveris about 44V. Common Driver of Common Driveris about 3V.,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,35,Segment Voltage of Active Addressing,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,36,Active Addressing 的矩陣運算,列向量(Column),時間(Time),行向量(Row),Bit-Map Image Matrix,Row Function Matrix,時間(Time),列(Column),Column Voltage Matrix,20
14、19/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,37,矩陣運算方式,行(Row),行向量(Row),列向量(Column),Bit-Map Image Matrix,Row Vector,時間(Time),列(Column),Time = Dtk,行向量(Row),列向量(Column),第j列,Row Function Matrix,時間(Time),列(Column),Column Vector,垂直序列運算 Column Sequential,時間序列運算 Time Sequential,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,38,Column Sequential 硬體架構,20
15、19/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,39,Time Sequential 硬體架構,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,40,主動矩陣式液晶顯示器 AM-LCDs,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,41,TFT LCDs 等效電路,Row Drivers,Column Driver,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,42,Arrangement of Color Filter,Stripe,Triangle,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,43,Pixel Structure of TFT LCDs,2019/6/29,绿显电子科
16、技 http:/,44,Cs on Common 與 Cs on Gate 架構,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,45,Timing Chart of TFT LCDs,Frame Time,Gate123N,Time,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,46,TFT LCDs Driving Method,Column Inversion,Dot Inversion,Row Inversion,Frame Inversion,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,47,Direct Driving of TFT LCDs,DC Bias of Commo
17、n,GrayScaleVoltage,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,48,AC Modulation Addressing of TFT LCDs,Common Waveform,Graylevel Voltage,1Frame / 1 Line,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,49,TFT LCDs 的電光效應 Direct Addressing,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,50,TFT LCDs 的電光效應 AC Addressing,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,51,TFT LCDs Driving Wavefor
18、m Cs on Common (一),TFT LCD 驅動波形 (Cs on Common, Common = DC Bias),2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,52,TFT LCDs Driving Waveform Cs on Common (二),2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,53,TFT LCDs Driving Waveform Cs on Gate,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,54,TFT 電容效應的影響,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,55,液晶電容的效應,液晶電容 CLC 會隨液晶作用電壓的改變而變化,因此在
19、驅動液晶時會有殘存的 DC 成份,其所造成的影響: Image Sticking. Picture Flicker. 液晶作用電壓大時,液晶分子趨向平行電場方向排列: 液晶作用電場小時,液晶分子趨向垂直電場方向排列:,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,56,二階驅動方式的效應,Cs,Clc,Cgd,Csd,Cgs,Vct,Ch(N-1),Ch(N),Vs,垂直影像訊號,水平掃描訊號,Vg,水平掃描訊號,Vg,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,57,TFT 補償驅動法,3 Level Addressing,4 Level Addressing,2019/6/29,绿显
20、电子科技 http:/,58,3 Level Addressing,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,59,4 Level Addressing,Vst=Vct,B(+),B(-),B(-),B(+),W(+),W(+),W(-),W(-),B(+),W(-),B(-),W(+),Vp(+),Vp(-),Vp=CgdVghl/Ct,CsVge(-)/Ct,CsVge(+)/Ct,正極性,負極性,正極性,負極性,Ct=Cs+Clc+Cgd,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,60,Cs on Gate 電壓補償方式,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,61,
21、Comparsion of Addressing Method,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,62,Horizontal Line Crosstalk,A,B,Csc,Csc,Csc,TFT Substrate,Color Filter Substrate,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,63,Horizontal Area Crosstalk,A,B,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,64,Vertical Area Crosstalk,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,65,Shading Crosstalk,2019/6/29
22、,绿显电子科技 http:/,66,Gate Pulse 的傳遞延遲,Gate (Scan) Line 的等效阻抗為一連串的串聯 RC 網路,因此 Gate Pulse 在傳遞時會造成波形的傳遞延遲失真。,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,67,液晶畫素邊際電場效應(一),Reverse Tilt,畫素電極,鄰近電極,共通電極,VP,VL,VA,VA VL : Disclination Disappeared VP LC Threshold Voltage,Reverse Tilt,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,68,液晶畫素邊際電場效應(二),改善方法 1.增
23、加液晶分子的預傾角(Pretilt Angle) 2.增加 Black Mask 的遮蔽面積,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,69,驅動 IC Scan Driver,Bidirectional Shift Register,Level Shift Circuit,Output Buffer,G1 G2 G3 .,STVR,STVL,CPV,R/L,VDDD,VSSD,VDDA,VSSA,STVR,STVL,G1,G2,Gx,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,70,Serial In Serial Out Analog Data Driver,Multiplexe
24、r,Pro:Very simple.Fewer external connections. Con:Many analog inputs.Reduced pixel charging time. System Note :Sample clock : (Dot clock) / N, N Phases.Video Phase : N,Variation on Multiplexer Pro:Video Input. Con:Fast data line charging needed.Reduced pixel charging time. System Note:Shift Clock :
25、(Dot Clock) / 3 for Mono.Video Phase : 3 for Mono.,Sample and Hold,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,71,Serial In Parallel Out Analog Data Driver (一),2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,72,Serial In Parallel Out Analog Data Driver (二),Double Sample and Hold / Multi-Phase,Por : Reduced operation frequency . System Note :
26、Video In : N Video Phase : N Shift Clock : (Dot Clock) / N.,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,73,Digital Data Driver (一),Digital-to-analog Converters,Por : Digital input. Con : Complex.Requires sufficient precision to correct for LC response variation.,Ramp In,Sampled Ramp,Por : Digital input.Programmable ram
27、p. Con : Complex circuit.High speed digital circuits.Reduced pixel charging time.,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,74,Digital Data Driver (二),1-of-n Selector,Simple DAC Pro : Digital input.Programmable external voltages. Con : Complex circuit.High speed digital circuits.Many pass gates per data line.,2019/6/
28、29,绿显电子科技 http:/,75,Digital Data Driver (三),All Digital Circuit,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,76,Gamma Correction of LCD,Analog Correction :2 3 Segment Approach.Digital Correction :External fixed voltage.,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,77,Gamma Correction Simple Case,Transmission,Voltage,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,
29、78,The Block Diagram of the TFT LCD Module,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,79,The TFT LCD Module Type,Classified into two kinds by data driver Analog type TFT-LCD module The analog data drivers The analog interface to PC Only NEC Digital type TFT-LCD module The digital data drivers The ADC/ LVDS/PanelLink i
30、nterface to PC Mainstream,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,80,The Analog Interface,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,81,The ADC Interface,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,82,The LVDS/PanelLink Interface,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,83,Analog/ADC/LVDS/PanelLink,Analog Interface True Color Sampling Error Low Edge Sharpness Noise in t
31、he Analog Signal Transmission,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,84,Analog/ADC/LVDS/PanelLink,ADC Interface Mainstream in the Desktop LCD Monitor Interface Sampling Error Low Edge Sharpness Noise in the Analog Signal Transmission EMI Issue for High Resolution Format Low Image Quality and High Cost,2019/6/29,绿显
32、电子科技 http:/,85,Analog/ADC/LVDS/PanelLink,LVDS Interface Mainstream in the Notebook PC Interface High Edge Sharpness Reducing EMI & Number of Cable Line High Image Quality and Low Cost Short Transmission Length & Low Noise Margin Compatible Issue,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,86,PanelLink Interface Applica
33、tion in the Desktop LCD Monitor Interface High Edge Sharpness Reducing EMI & Number of Cable Line High Image Quality and Low Cost Second Supply Source Issue,Analog/ADC/LVDS/PanelLink,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,87,大面積高解析度 TFT LCDs 的開口率影響因素,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,88,Plasma Addressing LCDs,2019/6/29,绿显电子
34、科技 http:/,89,In-Plane-Switch Mode LCDs,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,90,Vertical Alignment Mode LCDs,未加電場 OFF 狀態,施加電場 ON 狀態,入射光,偏光板,液晶分子,玻璃基板,出射光之 極化狀態,解偏板,出射光,2019/6/29,绿显电子科技 http:/,91,Comparison of Liquid Crystal Modes,Slightly dependent on viewing angle,廣視角,液晶反應速度慢,Off(Black) On(White),畫面對比低,畫面品質差,TN,IPS,VA,