1、,Grammar,非谓语动词,一、非谓语动词的使用场景当句子中除谓语以外其它成分上出现了动作时，就需要使用非谓语动词，非谓语动词也具备动词的一些特点，因此它也有时态和语态的变化，也能有自己的逻辑主语，逻辑宾语，逻辑状语等。,二、分类,三、非谓语动词的时态和语态,如何判断用什么时态和语态的非谓语动词语态：看非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系是主动还是被动（非谓语动词做的成分不同，其逻辑主语就不同)时态：看非谓语动词与主句谓语动词之间的时间先后(发生于主句谓语动词之前，同时，之后）,四、非谓语动词的功用,to do / doing 及其变化形式常做主、宾、表、定、状、补 done 常做表、定、状、补
2、done 不做主语和宾语having done / having been done 不做定语being done 常不做状语,注意:,五、非谓语动词做各种成分的考点解决方法1、做主语的考点 、既表被动又能做主语的非谓语动词的选择，常选 being done 形式表示经常性的行为。例如： _ in a well- known university is what everybody wishes for.A. Educated B. Educating C. Being educated D. Having been educated _ hardly made Allan pay any a
3、ttention to _ his mistakes. A. Scolding, correcting B. Being scolded, correctC. Being scolded, correcting D. Having been scolded, correct _ by others when you do nothing wrong at all is quite a bad experience.A. Having been misunderstoodB. Being misunderstood C. Having understoodD. Misunderstood, Wh
4、at made you so delighted at Christmas? _ A. I received much more presents than others B. Because my parents promised me a new car C. My uncles coming back from abroad D. As there was an unusual celebration- What made Jack so worried ?- _ his expensive and favorite ten-speed bike?A. Being lost B. Los
5、t C. Losing D. To be lost、It is + + to do / doing,C,C,2、做宾语的考点vt + doingvt + to dovt + doing / to do ( 有区别） regret doing (干了某事很后悔） regret to do（要干某事很遗憾）prep + doingexcept / but + (to) do,有些固定短语 + doing pay attention to ,look forward to,This is the only way we can imagine _ the overuse of water in st
6、udents bathrooms.A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce,The good news we were looking forward _in the end. arriving B. to arrive C. to arriving D. to arrived,但是要注意陷阱,3、做表语的考点,excited / surprised /frightened / puzzled,exciting /surprising / frightening / puzzling,区别,4、做定语的考点,(1),n,to do ( 主动将来
7、）doing (主动进行）done (被动完成）,(2),n,to be done (被动将来）being done（被动进行）done（被动完成）,（3）,做定语的vi,ing（只表进行，不表主动）ed (只表完成，不表被动）,The Town Hall _ in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time. to be completed B. having been completed C. completed D. being completed退休工人_ 落叶_ 笑脸_ 发达国家_ 开水_,retired wo
8、rkers,fallen leaves,smiling face,developed countries,boiled water,5、作补语的考点 (1) vt + O + Oc (to do)(2) 感官动词 + O + Oc (do /doing /done)(3) have +O + Oc (do /doing /done)make +O + Oc (do /done )get + O + Oc (to do / doing /done)(4) keep / catch+ O + Oc (doing)(5) leave +sb. + doing / to doleave +sth. +
9、 done / to be done(6) S + be considered / thought /believed +,to doto be doingto have done,6、做状语的考点（1）非谓语动词做普通状语的考点先注意非谓语动词作状语的位置该类题目的做题方法:,_, 主语+谓语+主语+ 谓语+ ，_.主语，_, 谓语+,a. 先试不定式b. 再看非谓语动词与主句主语之间的主、被动c. 再看非谓语动词与主句谓语之间的时间先后,注意：不定式做状语,结果状语（句末，有无标点均可,意为“结果是”）目的状语（句首时需要标点，句末 时一定不要标点。意为“为了”）,be + pp. + p
10、rep / to do做状语的考点常见的此类短语有：be lost in, be located on., be situated onbe buried in, be focused on, be accused of be charged with, be married to, be engaged inbe based on,be surprised at, be involved in,be absorbed in, be intended to do, be dressed in正确选项: pp + prep / to do,The international agreement,
11、 _ encourage children not to smoke and help people kick the habit, was signed on February 27. A. intending to B. being intended to C. intended to D. to intend to _ on careful plan and preparation, his experiment was a complete success.A. Basing B. Carried out C. Based D. On the base_ on his reading,
12、 he didnt notice what was happening. A. Absorbed B. Lost C. Focused D. Buried,(3) 连词+ _, 做状语的考点,按非谓语动词作普通状语解决按状语从句的省略解决,No matter how frequently _ ,the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.A. performed B. performing C. to be performed D. being performedWhen _ different cultures
13、, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared,解决方法,（4）已知主句，选非谓语动词做状语已知非谓语动词状语，选一个恰当的主句（ 其实质是选择一个恰当的主语）Once telling him the truth, _A. he will be nervous all the time B. he will find himself nervou
14、s all the time C. you will find him nervous all the time D. everyone will find him nervous all the time While building a tunnel through the mountain , _.A. an underground lake was discovered B. there was an underground lake discoveredC. a lake was discovered undergroundD. the workers discovered an u
15、nderground lake,（5）独立主格结构做状语的考点构成：n /pron +doing /to do /done/ adj/ adv/ n/ prep phrase,Finally she got too tired and fell asleep at the desk, her right hand still _ a pen.A. held B. to held C. holding D. was holdingOpposite the town stands the famous Himalayas, its peak _ with snow all the year rou
16、nd. was covered B. is covered C. covering D. covered,n/ pron _, 主句主句，_ doing /to do /done/ adj/ adv/ n/ prep phrase_, 主句,考点,In the near future, it is likely that several new countries will join the EU, most of _ having their own languages. A. whom B. that C. which D. themIn the near future, it is li
17、kely that several new countries will join the EU, most of _ have their own languages.In the near future, it is likely that several new countries will join the EU, and most of _ have their own languages.In the near future, it is likely that several new countries will join the EU; most of _ have their
18、 own languages.In the near future, it is likely that several new countries will join the EU. Most of _ have their own languages.独立主格结构、非限定性定语从句、 并列句之间的混合考查,C,D,D,D,D,注意：,_ in the war, many Iraqi children have become orphans. Killed B. Being killed C. Their parents killed D. Their parents were killed
19、_, the meeting began. Taking their seats B. Seated C. having taken their place D. Everyone seated,C,D,(6) 垂悬分词的考点固定的垂悬分词短语generally speaking, frankly speaking, judging from, considering, taking into consideration,seeing that., given that 有规律可循的垂悬分词垂悬分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，而是句子中除主语以外的其他成分上的名词或代词。_, a subject
20、 was always in my mind.,Walking or sleeping,7、其它考点,（1）动名词的复合结构,构成：ones doing / ones being done ones 所对应的人是doing 的逻辑主语ones否定形式：该结构做宾语时：即：该结构常做主语、宾语和表语,Toms my /her /his /their /our,ones not doing ones not being done,Toms Tom my me his him their them our us,ones,one,（2）excited/ exciting, surprised/ su
21、rprising, puzzled/ puzzling, frightened/ frightening, amazed/amazing, amused/amusing等非谓语动词的考点,解题方法：翻译,-ed :感到 的-ing 令人感到的,（3）感官动词作非谓语动词的考点feel, smell, sound, look, taste,解题方法：这些感官动词的非谓语无论做什么成分都用其 -ing 形式，因为这些词没有被动。,六、关于非谓语动词的做题步骤1、细读题干先弄清选什么成分的非谓语2、再弄清非谓语和其逻辑主语之间的主被动关系3、然后弄清非谓语与主句谓语之间时间的先后关系4、注意一些规定事宜,GOODBYE,
