1、第十讲 虚拟语气,考点一 虚拟语气在虚拟条件句中的运用,使用虚拟语气要注意以下几点： 1当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。If you had followed my advice just now，you would be better now.如果你刚才听了我的建议，你现在就好多了。If you had studied hard before，you would be a college student now.如果你以前好好学习的话，你现在早就是大学生了。 2it省略句。if引导的条件句中
2、可省略if，把were，had，should提到句首，变为倒装句式。If I were at school again，I would study harder.Were I at school again，I would study harder.如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力地学习。,If you had come earlier，you would catch the bus.Had you come earlier，you would catch the bus.如果你来得早些，你就能赶上公共汽车。If it should rain tomorrow，we would not go
3、 climbing.Should it rain tomorrow，we would not go climbing.如果明天下雨的话，我们就不去登山了。 3用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词有with，without，but for。What would you do with a million dollars(if you had a million dollars)?如果你有100万美元，你会做什么？Without your help，we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.But for your help，.If it h
4、ad not been for your help，Had it not been for your help，没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。,4在含蓄条件句中，有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而是通过其他手段来代替条件句。常见的有otherwise，or，but等。I was ill that day._，I would have taken part in the sports meeting.(副词)我那天病了。否则，我就参加运动会了。He telephoned to inform me of your birthday，or I would h
5、ave known nothing about it.(连词)他打电话通知了我你的生日，否则，我对此一点都不知道。,Otherwise,1(2011年福建，34)Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.I_it，but I was busy preparing for a job interview.Aattended Bhad attendedCwould attend Dwould have attended【解析】 句意：很可惜你错过了这次有关核污染的演讲。我本来要 参加，但(那时)忙于准备工作面试。本题考查虚拟语气。根据but后
6、面的内容可知， 设空处表达与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，所以正确答案为D项。【答案】 D,2(2011年陕西，22)I_through that bitter period without your generous help.Acouldnt have gone Bdidnt goCwouldnt go Dhadnt gone【解析】 句意：如果没有你的慷慨相助的话，我不可能熬过那段艰苦的日子。 本题考查虚拟语气。without your generous help相当于含蓄条件句If it hadnt been your generous help，此处表示与过去事实相反，所以主句部分采用co
7、uldnt have done结构，表示“本不可能”，故选择A项。【答案】 A,3(2011厦门质检)Thank you for reminding me of the time，or I _ late yesterday.Dont mention it.Ashould be Bwould beCwill have been Dwould have been【解析】 考查虚拟语气。从语境可知说话人是在谈论昨天的事，因此要使 用wouldhave done。第一句句意：谢谢你提醒我时间，不然昨天我就迟到了。【答案】 D,考点二 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用 1用于宾语从句中。(1)wish后面所
8、跟宾语从句中的虚拟语气。I wish(that)I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.我希望我是只小鸟能在天空自由飞翔。How I wish I had listened to my parentsadvice!我多么希望听了父母的建议！How I wish it werent raining now.我多希望现在没下雨啊。(2)用于表示建议、愿望、命令等词后的宾语从句中，常见的动词有：demand，order，require，insist，suggest，propose，advise等。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为“should动词原形”，
9、should可以省略。,He suggested that we(should)start off early the next day. 他建议我们第二天早点出发。 (3)在would rather后的宾语从句中，也用虚拟语气，其结构为：,would rather sb.,过去时 过去完成时（从句动作先发生）,I would rather they didnt hear of the news.我宁愿他们没听到那个消息。I would rather you hadnt told him the news yet.我宁愿你没把消息告诉他。 2用于主语从句中。it is desired/sugg
10、ested/proposed/recommended/necessary/important/strange/natural/a pity/essentialthat从句，从句中的谓语动词用“should动词原形”，should可以省略。,It is suggested that the meeting (should)be put off till next week.人们建议会议推迟到下周。It is strange that he(should)have acted toward his parents like that.(act在主句谓语动词be之前发生，所以要用“should ha
11、ve acted”)真奇怪他竟然那样对他父母。 3用于表语从句和同位语从句中。在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request，advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，其构成是“should动词原形”，should可以省略。My idea is that we(should)think it over before accepting it.我的意见是在接受之前要反复考虑。We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should)go to Dalian for sightseeing.我们都同意他
12、让我们去大连旅游的建议。,1(2011北京高考)Where are the children？The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they _ always late.Awerent Bhadnt beenCwouldnt be Dwouldnt have been【解析】 句意：孩子们都到哪里去了？宴会就要被他们彻底破坏了。 我希望他们不要总是迟到。本题考查虚拟语气。wish后跟that从句，从句部 分采用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反的用一般过去时，与过去事实相反的用过去 完成时。本题表示与现在事实相反，所以用一般过去时，故正确答案为
13、A项。【答案】 A,2(2011潍坊质检)The order came that the medical supplies _ to Beijing for the H1N1 flu soon.Awould be sent Bshould sendCbe sent Dmust be sent【解析】 考查虚拟语气。当表示愿望、请求、建议、命令等意义的动词(如 order，suggest，command等)后面接从句时，从句用虚拟语气，从句谓语用should do，should可以省略。故选C。【答案】 C,考点三 特殊句型中的虚拟语气 1it is (high/about) time (tha
14、t)句型中的虚拟语气。在句型“it is(high/about)time(that)”后面也可跟虚拟语气，从句中常用过去式。有时也用“should动词原形”，意为“该是的时候了”。It is time(that)we went home.我们该回家了。 2if only引导的感叹句中的虚拟语气。在“if only”引导的感叹句中，要求用虚拟语气，表示愿望。用过去时或“would/could/might动词原形”表示与现在或将来事实相反的愿望；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。If only I had not been ill last week!要是上周我没病该多好啊！,3as if从句
15、中的虚拟语气。as if从句中，看语境是否与事实相反而选择是否使用虚拟语气。It looks as if its going to rain.天看上去似乎要下雨。The kid talks as if he were a grownup.这孩子说起话来像个成年人似的。,(2010福州二模)I saw your uncle take a taxi to the airport.Why didnt you drive him there?I _.But my car _.Awould；was fixedBwould have；was fixedCwould have；was being fixed
16、Ddid；was being fixed【解析】 句意：我看到你叔叔打车去了机场，你为什么不开车去送他呢？ 我本愿意去送他，但我的车当时正在修理。would表示“现在或将来愿意”， 故被排除；did表示“的确做了”，不符合本句意思，也被排除；would have表示 “过去本愿意”，符合要求；第二空表示“我的车当时正被修理”，需用过去进 行时。【答案】 C,1(2011黑龙江哈九中二模)The driver could have survived but he _ the seat belt.Ahad been wearing Bhadnt wornCwasnt wearing Ddidnt
17、wear【解析】 句意：司机本可以幸存的，但是他当时没系安全带。根据could have survived可知此处是对过去情况进行推测，所以but后的句子指当时的情况， 所以用过去进行时。【答案】 C,2(2011山东实验中学诊断)The policeman _ have fined me for speeding but finally，he let me go.Ashould Bcould Cmust Dwould【解析】 句意：警察本可以因为超速驾驶罚我款的，但是，他最后放我走了。 could have done本来能够做某事但没做；should have done本应该做却没做；mus
18、t have done一定/想必；would have done用于与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的主句。【答案】 B,3(2011山东临沂)_ she come to see you today?Of course，please.And Id rather she _ me the truth.AWill；informed BCan；informCShall；told DShould；will tell【解析】 句意：让她今天来看你吗？当然。我宁愿她告诉我真相。 第一空用shall表示征询别人的意见。第二空：tell sb.the truth跟某人说实话，告诉 某人真相，为固定搭配；此外，woul
19、d rather后的从句要用虚拟语气，故选C。【答案】 C,4(2011河北衡水模拟)Did Jack take the doctors advice that he _ in bed for a couple of days?If only he _.Alies；does Blay；did Clie；did Dlie；had【解析】 句意：杰克是否采纳了医生的建议，在家里躺了几天？要 是他真那样做就好了。第一空考查advice的同位语从句，用(should)动词原形， 所以选lie；第二空if only但愿，要是的话就好了，用虚拟语气，根据句中 Did Jack.可知与过去事实相反，故选ha
20、d，相当于：If only he had taken.【答案】 D,5(2011高考预测卷)He is not native，if he were，we _ this discussion over his identity.Awould not be having Bare not havingChad not had Dwill not have【解析】 句意：他不是本国人，如果他是的话，我们就不会正在讨论他的身 份问题了。根据were可知，此处为与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，而只有A项是虚拟 语气主句的结构。【答案】 A,6(2011湖南衡阳八中月考)I forget where I rea
21、d the article，or I _ it to you now.Awill show Bwould showCam going to show Dam showing【解析】 句意：我忘了我在哪里读过这篇文章，否则我现在就拿给你看了。 根据句意可知此处用与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，所以B项正确。【答案】 B,7(2011四川乐山一中一模)To tell the truth，if it were not for the fact that you _ my daughter，I would not take such pains to serve you.Awere BareChad bee
22、n Dhave been【解析】 句意：说实话，要不是你是我女儿，我不会这么辛苦来伺候你。本 句采用了虚拟语气形式考查了时态。that从句作the fact的同位语，且在陈述事实， 所以用一般现在时。【答案】 B,8(2011苏州一模)Did you hear Tom was criticized for his spelling mistakes in his English composition?Yes，but a more careful person _ so many mistakes.Awouldnt make Bneednt have madeCshouldnt make Dw
23、ouldnt have made【解析】 本题考查虚拟语气。联系语境可推知，如果Tom能更细心点就不 会犯如此多的错误。虚拟条件句与过去事实相反，因此主句谓语动词用wouldnt have made。选项B意为“过去本不必做(却做了)某事”。【答案】 D,9(2011福建龙岩检测)My mother stared at me as if she _ me before.Adidnt see Bhasnt seenChadnt seen Ddoesnt see【解析】 句意：母亲看着我，好像以前没见过我似的。根据主句的时态判断， as if后的状语从句中描述的是与过去事实相反的假设，故用过去完成
24、时。【答案】 C,10(2011长春调研)It is required that the students _ mobile phones in their school，so seldom _ them using one.Adont use；will you seeBnot use；will you seeCmustnt use；will you seeDnot use；you will see【解析】 考查虚拟语气和倒装语序。英语中表示命令、建议或要求的动词 或名词后面的从句中通常使用“should动词原形”形式的虚拟语气，should可 以省略。seldom是否定副词，位于句首时，句子
25、要用部分倒装。【答案】 B,11(2011福州检测)The boy insisted _ to watch the football match to be held next month in Beijing.Aon taking Bto be takenCthat he would be takenDthat he be taken【解析】 考查虚拟语气。根据题意可知insist在这里表示“执意，坚持”的 意思，因此空格处应该使用that he(should)be taken。【答案】 D,12.(2011海淀区模拟)Frankly，Id rather you _ anything abo
26、ut it for the time being.The boss is very angry.Adont do Bhadnt doneCdidnt do Dhavent done【解析】 句意：说实话我宁愿你现在什么都不做，老板现在很生气。would rather后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反， 用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。根据语境，此处表示与现在事实相反，故用一 般过去时。【答案】 C,13(2011南通二模)Without the help of the local guide，we _ our destination ahead of time.A
27、had not reached Bwill not reachCcannot have reached Dcould not have reached【解析】 句意：要不是当地向导的帮助，我们不可能提前到达目的地。此题 是without引导的含蓄条件句，表示与过去事实相反时，主句中的谓语动词用“would /could/might/shouldhave done”的形式。【答案】 D,14(2011海淀区模拟)I suggested to my mother that she_ a drawing club after her retirement from teaching.Ajoin Bj
28、oinsCjoined Dwould join【解析】 考查虚拟语气。主句谓语动词是suggest，其后的宾语从句用虚拟 语气，即从句谓语动词用“should动词原形”形式，should可以省略，故选A。【答案】 A,15(2011海淀区模拟)Shall we take the 1030 train?No.If we took that train，we _ too late.Aarrive BarrivedCwill arrive Dwould arrive【解析】 考查虚拟语气。根据条件状语从句的谓语动词可知此处是表示与 现在事实相反的虚拟语气，主句谓语动词应用would/should/could/might动词 原形，选D。【答案】 D,
