1、1. Soon after he transferred to the new school, Ali found that he had_(很难跟上班上同学)in maths and English. (2009.6) 2. The study shows that the poor functioning of human body is_(与缺乏锻炼密切相关). (2009.6) 3. Youd better take a sweater with you_(以防天气变冷). (2008.12) 真题:_(很多人没有意识到的)is providing the best education
2、 possible for their children.(2009.6) 真题:Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life_(是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的), not how much they can earn.(2007.12) 真题:In my sixties, one change I notice is that_(我比以前更容易累了).(2007.12) 真题:Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems_(他们至今还没
3、有答案)(2008.12) 真题:_(与我成长的地方相比), this town is more prosperous and exciting.(2008.6) 真题:I am going to pursue this course, _(无论我要作出什么样的牺牲).(2007.12) 【真题】_(大多数父母所关心的)is providing the best education possible for their children.(2008.12),【真题】You would not have failed if_(按照我的指令去做).(2009.12) 【真题】The victim
4、_(本来会有机会活下来)if he had been taken to hospital in time.(2006.12) 【真题】Not only_(他向我收费过高),but he didnt do a good repair job either.(2006.6新) With the oil prices ever rising, she tried to talk _(说服他不买车). _ (保持幽默感有助于) reduce stress and promote creative thinking in todays competitive society. When confront
5、ed with the evidence, _ (他不得不坦白自己的罪行).Only in this way _(我们才能在毕业之后很快适应社会). She has decided to go on a diet, but finds _(很难抵制冰淇淋的诱惑). Why didnt you tell me you could lend me the money? I -(本来不必从银行借钱的).,you had followed my instructions /you had followed my orders would have had a chance to survive/wou
6、ld have had a chance of survival did he overcharge me/did he charge me too much him out of buying a car Keeping a sense of humor helps he had (no choice but) to confess his crime) can we adapt (ourselves) to the society quickly after we graduate it hard to resist the temptation of ice cream neednt h
7、ave borrowed it from the bank,Writing(1),作文类型分析,四级英语写作常涉及的体裁主要有四类:议论文、说明文、记叙文和应用文。四级写作着重测试考生用文字评论和说明事物的能力。因此,体裁上比较偏重议论文和说明文。四级写作中:说明文(report)主要包括现象解释型和问题解决型;议论文(argumentation)主要包括对比选择型和观点论证型;记叙文主要是叙述一件事情的经过 并谈谈由此引发的感想,如车祸、生病;应用文则以信函为主,包括建议 信、拒绝信、投诉信等。,构建文章结构,现象解释型:基本方法为:描述现象分析原因对现象做出预测或如何促进(限制)这种现象的
8、进一步发展。对比选择型:基本方法为:阐述一种观点或态度并表明这种观点或态度正确的理由;阐述第二种(相对或相反的)观点或态度并说明这种观点或态度正确的理由;表明个人支持或反对以上观点或态度,并说明原因。问题解决型:基本方法为:提出问题分析问题解决问题。观点论证型:基本方法为:分析主题得出结论举例论证得出结论(证明观点的正确性)。应用文基本方法为:分析所给情景选择写作方法。,英语四级作文题目: “Women in the Modern World“1. Women are playing an increasingly important part in society today._2. Wit
9、h the changes in their social role, womens position in the family has been improved as well. _3. In spite of these changes, the liberation of women has not been completely realized. _(5分段)Women are playing an increasingly important part in society today. Long age, women only did something in the kit
10、chen or at home. Now many of them have serious jobs to serve for people. What men can do so can women.With the changes in their social role, womens position in the family has been improved as well. Today in the family, the wife often lots her husband to do something at home bat ago, only women did s
11、omething. Men are foned of doing something at home.In spite of these changes, the liberation of women has not been completely realized. Sometimes, the matter, the husband hitting has welf, often happened. In the factory the wonmen to as much as the men, but they are paid less than the men. Some peop
12、le have not completely realized the liberation of women.,Women are playing an increasingly important part in society today. In Many countries, more and more women are acting as workers, farmers, scientists and even leaders. We can say that almost all jobs which men can do are done perfectly by women
13、. Women are no longer looked down upon by society.With the changes in their social role, womens position in the family has been improved as well. Husband and wife are now equal in the family. They cope with problems of daily life together, and share happiness with each other. Also, you can hardly fi
14、nd out that in todays families, women are being busy with dinners, whereas men comfortably sitting in armchairs, reading newspapers.In spite of these changes, the liberation of women has not been completely realized. A number of men still jealously guard their rights, and regard women as incapable c
15、reature. Few women are allowed to attend important international meetings dominated by men. Thats really the problems we should solve immediately.,(14分段,),观点对比型(argumentation),1.阐述正反两面的理由,最后表明个人支持或反对以上观点或态度,并说明原因。2008年6月 1.有人认为网络可以让学习、工作更有效率 2. 还有人认为网络让青少年沉迷,进而影响学习 3. 你对于网络的看法 2006年12月 1、许多人喜欢看cctv
16、春节晚会 2、但有的人认为应该取消; 3、你的看法 ,The Internet In the era of information and technology, the Internet has played an improtant role in our society. With the Internet, its easy to get the information we need, improving the efficiency of our study and work. We cant deny that it is impossible for lots of peopl
17、e to achieve great success in the modern society without the Internet.However, some people think that the Internet has a bad effect on the growth of the teenagers. The teenagers are too young to resist some temptations from the Internet. Some of them indulge themselves in the Internet and at last ar
18、e lured away from the study. In my opinion, we should pay more attention to the advantages of the Internet and make the most of it. Meanwhile, we should teach the teenagers how to use the Internet positively, and make the Internet a tool for their healthy development.,解题方法:,1.分类法当题目对象太宽泛抽象的时候,我们把讨论对
19、象具体化,对其加以分类e.g. Some people think old buildings should be destroyed and replaced with modern buildings. Do you agree or disagree?Some high-school graduates go to travel or work for a period of time before they go to study in universities. Discuss advantages and disadvantages of this practice to thei
20、r studies in university.2.替代法当发现题目中有出现-est. only (唯一的)或者ban / stop 这类词汇的时候,这样的命题在逻辑上站不住脚。解题方式就是举出反例子。,观点对比型文章结构开头段(3-4) 1. 介绍社会背景 2. 交代要辩论的话题 3. 用自己的话转述一下原题的观点第二段 1. 概括本段的观点 2 . 第一个理由 3. 一句话来解释,支持第一个分论点 4 第二个理由 5. 一句话解释,支持第三段 让步段 概括本段论点 支持论点的理由 一句话来解释,支持这个分论点 不妥的地方 一句话解释支持结尾段 概括让步段自己不太倾向的观点 概括自己更倾向的
21、观点 提出我们应该怎么做的希望或一句话概括,开头段:In the present age,are playing increasing important roles in our lives .(不好的现象 in the present day , the issue of is increasing severe). But in the meantime, whether (话题)has sparked much debate.Some people assert that while many argue that 第二段:Convincing argument can be made
22、 that To start with ThereforeMoreoverSpecifically,(具体来说) 第三段:AdmittedlyThe reason for this that ObviouslyEven so(尽管如此) For instance 结尾段:In summery, I would concede that (我承认概括让步段观点)Despite that (尽管更倾向的观点)Overall, I am convinced that we should(我们应该做的),Some people contend that advertising has positive
23、 impact on society while others think it also has negative influence . Discuss.,Convincing argument can be made that advertising brings numerous benefits to our lives . To start with, advertisements inform us about the latest products on the market. Therefore, with the help of ads, customers can mak
24、e their shopping experience more economical and time-consuming. Moreover, elaborate advertisements can be a genuine art form . Specifically, creative ads can afford us diverse amusements, thereby brightening up our lives.,Admittedly, advertising can carry potential drawbacks . The reason for this is
25、 that today a large proportion of advertisements is misleading. Obviously, the huge profits generated by advertising has prompts many companies to present incorrect information about their products . Even so, it is worth nothing that most governments have been taking strict steps to combat misinform
26、ation in advertising. For instance, in China this year , over 350 false advertisements were identified and exposed and their sponsor companies were punished accordingly on March 15th, the International Consumer Rights Day.,In summery, I would concede that the proliferation of the advertising industr
27、y has its adverse effects . Despite that, the benefits created by advertising far outweigh the disadvantages . Overall, I am convinced that we should further promote the development of advertising and meanwhile the government should introduce measures to regulate this industry more effectively.,1-1
28、结论性- 通过对文章前面的讨论 ,引出或重申文章的中心思想及观点 . 1. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that . 2. In summary/In a word , it is more valuable .1-2 后果性- 揭示所讨论的问题若不解决, 将产生的严重后果. 1. We must call for an immediate method , because the current phenomenon of . , if allowed to proceed, wi
29、ll surely lead to the heavy cost of . 2. Obviously , if we ignore/are blind to the problem , there is every chance that will be put in danger .1-3 号召性 - 呼吁读者行动起来, 采取行动或提请注意. 1. It is time that we urged an immediate end to the undesirable tendency of 2. It is essential that effective measures should
30、be taken to correct the tendency .1-4 建议性 - 对所讨论的问题提出建议性的意见, 包括建议和具体的解决问题的方法. 1. While it cannot be solved immediately, still there are ways. The most popular is Another method is . Still another one is . 2. Awareness/Recognition of the problem is the first step toward the situation.,1-5 方向性的结尾方式 -
31、其与建议性的唯一差别就是对问题解决提出总的, 大体的方向或者指明前景. 1. Many solutions are being offered here , all of them make some sense, but none is adequate enough. The problem should be recognized in a wide way . 2. There is no quick method to the issue of , but might be helpful/beneficial. 3. The great challenge today is The
32、re is much difficulty ,but 2-6 意义性的结尾方式 - 文章结尾的时候,从更高的更新的角度指出所讨论的问题的重要性以及其深远的意义! 1. Following these suggestions may not guarantee the success, but the pay off might be worth the effort . It will not only benefit but also benefit . 2. In any case, whether it is positive or negative, one thing is cert
33、ain that it will undoubtedly ,Motorcycle and city trafficWith all the disadvantages motorcycles may have , I think they will not stop increasing in number . But some measures have to be taken to ensure their healthy growth. Some specific traffic rules must be laid down and some limitation be placed
34、on their production and use. and most importantly, some new models using cleaner fuel and with effective safety devices should be designed to replace some of the present clumsy ones.,When we enjoy the advantages bought by , we should not forget the adverse effects it may bring us as well.is like a d
35、oubt-edged sword, we should make the best use of one edge and try not be hurt by the other.I think it cant be ignored that the limited resources on earth if nothing is done about., the future of mankind will be indeed gloomy and hopeless.I believe the advantages of far outweigh its disadvantages . T
36、he suggestion to be made is that the government take effective measure to solve the possible problems so that it can develop in a sound way.,分析解释类 描述现象分析原因提出方案(对现象做出预测、如何促进(限制)现象发展的解决方案。2009年12月四级真题作文 Create a green campus 1.建设绿色校园十分重要 2.绿色校园不仅指绿色环境 3.为了建设绿色校园我们应该2009年6月 Free admission to museums 越来
37、越多的博物馆免费开放的目的是什么? 也会带来一些问题你的看法 2008年12月Limiting the Use of Disposal Bags 1. 一次性塑料袋曾被广泛的使用 2. 造成的问题 3. 限制使用塑的意义 ,Report 文章结构:第一段: 1.交代分析的话题 2.强调这个话题正在引起关注 3.说明这篇文章主要内容第二段(原因段); 1.原因(1) 2. 解释支持原因(1) 3. 原因(2) 4.解释支持原因(2)第三段(解决方案),模板:In the present day , the human society is progressing rapidly on vario
38、us fronts . Yet at the same time , many problems have arisen. A serious one of which This issue has drawn widespread attention .In this essay, I will analyze some possible causes of this this phenomenon and then propose some solutions .,In this age of change , the human society is progressing rapidl
39、y on various fronts . Yet at the same time, many problems have arisen , a serious one of which is the shortage of fresh water . This issue has drawn widespread attention . In this essay, I will analyze some possible causes of this phenomenon and then propose some problem.,It is obvious the causes of
40、 diverse. In the first place, for instance in the second place, . specially,It is obvious that the causes of the present water crisis are diverse. In the first place, the population explosion is the root cause of the crisis. An illustration of this point is over the past half century, the world popu
41、lation has more than doubled and this growth rate shows no sign of slowing down; therefore, household and industrial use of water has been shooting up since the end of WWII. In the second place, the widespread deterioration of the Earth s ecosystem is a major cause of this solution . Specifically, c
42、urrently a vast number of factories are dumping their waste into rivers and lakes , which seriously undermines the worlds ecosystem. Finally, the overexploitation of water resources plays a pivotal role in water shortage . Obviously , today only in very few countries do citizens have the awareness o
43、f the importance of saving water and using water properly; as a consequence, a vast amount of fresh water is wasted on a daily basis.,According. the solutions to this issue also be varied. First,for example,then ,.indeed,.above all,research has proved thatTo conclude , several factors contribute toI
44、 am convinced that we should take measures including .and .to solve this disturbing problem.,Accordingly , the solutions to this problem should be varied as well. To begin with, governments should give priority to the controlling of the increase of the population. For example, it is essential that o
45、ther nations learn from china s one child policy. Then, the concept of sustainable development should be spread . Indeed, any form of overexploiting natural resources must be forbidden while preservation of the ecosystem should be respected. In sum , several factors contribute to water scarcity. I a
46、m convinced that we should take effective steps , including birth control, promotion of sustainable development and research about new fresh water resources, to alleviate this modern-day problem,结论段的写作 1) 重述或总结主题 首段照应。 Families offer us warmth and care. Friends give us strength and horizon. They bot
47、h help us understand the world as it is. Both of them are the dearest parts in our life. 2) 提出建议 Since postcards do us more harm than good, since we have many other ways to convey our feelings and promote our friendship, I hope everyone will take actions now to stop using postcards. 3) 概括总结 As we ca
48、n see from the above, living in the suburb we can stay away from pollution, lead an easy leisure time, and neednt invest too much money, so I prefer living in the suburb to living in the city. 4) 引用名人名言 In particular, I enjoy what Francis Bacon said “Studies serve for delight, for ornament and for a
49、bility.“ 5)综合法 与首段一样,结论段也可以是多种方法的综合。一般说来,总结加建议的比较多。,尾段示例1: 如“网络“的结论段可以如下所示: 10) As we all know, the next century will become one of the Internet. The Internet will become more and more important in both our daily life and our work. So I suggest that schoolchildren should start using the Internet. 11
50、) So I think school children not only can start using the Internet, but also should start using it. They are sure to benefit a lot from the Internet. 12) The Internet can help our children know the world, get useful information and enrich their knowledge. So I think schoolchildren can start using the Internet. 13) In a word (In conclusion/ In summary/ To sum up / In short), the Internet is playing a more and more important role in our life and it is helpful for childrens growth both physically and mentally. It is better for them to start using the Internet as early as possible.,