1、,Subject-verb agreement 主谓一致correction symbol：s-v,What is subject-verb agreemenet?Subject-verb agreement (concord)means the agreement between subject and predicate verb in Number.number: singular or plural,Principles:,Grammatical agreement:,The verb must match its subject in number: If the subject i
2、s plural form, the verb should take the plural form. If the subject is singular, the verb should take the singular form. e.g. Many girls come on time every time.Every girl comes on time.,Notional agreement:,The verb can sometimes agree with the subject according to the notion of number rather than t
3、o the actual presence of the grammatical marker for that notion. e.g. Five minutes is a short period of time.The crowd were running for their lives.,Proximity:,The principle of proximity denotes agreement of the verb with the head of the noun phrase that functions as subject. e.g. Either Jim or I am
4、 going to take the responsibility.,1.1 When the noun which is used as the subject is followed by with, along with, together with, but, except, in addition to, besides, like, including, more than, rather than, less than, as well as, etc., we should refer to the noun.,1.2 coordination with and and bot
5、h andsingularwhen refer to only one person or thingpluralwhen refer to two or more than two persons or things,1.3 When an infinitive, gerund or noun clause is used as the subject, the verb often take the singular form.,1.4 When the subject is modified by each, every or no, the verb takes a singular
6、form.,1.5 each of + pron. (pl.), the verb takes a singular form .,1.6 When none is used as a subject, the verb can be of a singular form, and can also be of a plural form. But when none refers to an uncountable thing, the verb should take a singular form.,1.7 When some nouns, such as trousers, sciss
7、ors, clothes, glasses, etc., are used as the subject, the verb should take a plural form.,某些名词如clothes, trousers, shoes, glasses等, 通常只用其复数形式, 但当它们被a pair of 修饰时, 谓语动词用单数。如:The pair of shoes is worn out. 这双鞋破了。The shoes are worn out.鞋子破了。,1.8 Some nouns ending with s express a singular meaning, such
8、as news, physics, economics, the United States, Arabian Nights, etc.,1.9 when “the number of + noun” is a subject, the verb should take a singular form.,1.10 % of + noun (S.): the verb takes a singular form% of + noun (Pl.): the verb takes a plural form,2.1 When an infinite pronoun is a subject, the
9、 verb form is decided by the noun it stands for, such as all, most, some, etc.,2.2 When “the + adj.” is used as a subject, such as the rich, the poor, the living, the verb takes a plural form.,2.3 some nouns phrases, such as bread and butter, knife and fork, law and order, are used as the subject, t
10、he verb takes a singular form.,2.4 indefinite quantity + noun, such as part of, a lot of, one of, a number of, plenty of, etc., the verb form depends on the noun.,Eg. A part of the textbooks have arrived.A part of the apple has been eaten up .,2.5 Nouns expressing time, money, distance, etc are used
11、 as a subject, the verb takes a singular form.,Ten miles is a good distance. 十英里是一个相当的距离。,3. Inverted sentences introduced by here, there, where, etc the verb agrees with the real subject.,3.2 Coordination with or, eitheror, nor, neithernor, not onlybut also,谓语动词用单数的情况：,1动名词短语、不定式短语、名词性从句做主语，谓语用单数。
12、e.g Buying clothes is often a time-consuming job because those clothes that a person likes are rarely the cones that fit him or her. To understand the situation completely requires more thought than has been given thus far. 2表示时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积、容积等度量的名词短语做主语时，谓语用单数。e.g Two weeks was too longFive tim
13、es five makes twenty five,谓语动词用单数的情况：,3一般用and连接的两个单词或短语做主语时候，谓语用复数，但是下面用and连接的主语表示一个概念，谓语用单数：law and order 法制 soap and water 肥皂水a cup and saucer 茶杯碟子 fork and knife 刀叉the needle and thread 针线 trial and error 反复尝试， horse and carriage 马车 time and tide 岁月 bread and butter 奶油面包 the ebb and flow 盛衰，潮涨潮落如
14、：If law and order not preserved, neither the citizen nor his property is safe.A. is B. are C. was d. were 4表示学科和某些疾病名称的名词是复数形式，作主语时候谓语动词用单数形式Linguistics is a branch of study on human language.,谓语动词用单数的情况：,5有些名词形式上是复数，意义上是单数，根据意义一致原则动词用单数 The chaos was stopped by the policeThe news is a great encoura
15、gement to usA series of debates between the lectures was scheduled for the next weekend. 6用and 连接的成份表示一个单一概念时候，动词谓语用单数形式 Bread and butter is our daily food. Time and tide waits for no man,谓语用复数情况：,1 由and, both and, 连接的并列主语，和both ,a few, many ,several 等修饰语后面谓语动词通常用复数形式。Few people know he and I were c
16、lassmates when we were at college. 2集体名词police, public, militia, cattle ,class ,youth后常用复数形式的动词The Chinese people are brave and hardworkingThe cattle are grazing in the sunshine,谓语用复数情况：,3当表示民族的词与冠词合用当主语，谓语动词用复数形式 The Japanese were once very aggressive 4某些形容词前面加定冠词表示一类人，做主语时候，谓语动词用复数The rich are not
17、 always selfish 5不可数名词作主语，其前有表示数量的复数名词修饰时，谓语动词用复数Three million tons of coal were exported that year,谓语动词可用单数，也可以用复数的情况,1 就近一致原则这种情况下，谓语动词使用单数还是复数取决于最靠近该动词的主语的单复数，存在这种情况的主要由以下几种可能： 1） 由连词 eitheror; neithernor; whether or;not onlybut (also) ;or 等连接的并列主语 Neither money nor fame has influence on meNot on
18、ly you but also he is wrong,2) 在倒装结构中，谓语动词与后面的第一个主语一致 Blocking the open-sided porch, framed by the enveloping fog, stands a tall grave-faced policeman.Just outside the ruins is a magnificent building surrounded by tall trees. 3关系代词做主语的定语从句中，谓语的数要与先行词一致。如：Despite much research, there are still certai
19、n elements in the life cycle of the insect that are not fully understood.,4一些表示数量的短语与名词连用时候，谓语动词的数取决于名词的数，名词是复数，谓语动词用复数，反之就用单数。这些短语包括：a lot of /lots of; plenty of/heaps of; half of; two-third (three-fourth) of; eighty(ten, twenty) percent; part of; rest of ; none of 等等 Two-thirds of people present a
20、re womenLots of damage was caused by the fire 5集体名词作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于主语表示的意思和数，当表示整体时候，谓语动词就用单数，当强调集体中的个体时候，谓语动词就用复数。这些集体名词如：army, audience, band ,government ,group ,flock, police, public ,staff ,team ,troop. Crowd, firm, family 等等The family is the basic unit of our societyThe family were watching the T
21、V,Multiple choice: 1. A library with five thousand books_ to the nation as a gift.A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered 2. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another.A. is B. are C. am D. be,3. All but one _ here just now.A. is B. was C. h
22、as been D. were4. When and where to build the new factory _ yet.A. has not been decided B. are not decidedC. is not decided D. have not decided,5. On the wall_ two large portraits.A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging6. “News of victories _ pouring in as our army advances,” the company commander sai
23、d.A. keep B. keeps C. kept D. have kept,7. There _ a lot of milk in the bottle.A. are B. is C. were D. has 8. Zhangs family _ rather big, with twelve people in all.A. is B. are C. being D. was 9. Nobody but Jane _ the secret.A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known,10. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one exam after another.A. is B. are C. am D. be11. The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were,Thank You!,
