1、,Winston Churchill（1874-1965）,Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill was a British Conservative statesman known for his leadership of the United Kingdom during the Second World War. He was regarded as one of the greatest wartime leaders of the century, he served as Prime Minister twice (19401945 and
2、19511955).,Churchills famous words, “I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat.” (1940) “Never give in, never,never,never.”(1941) “Never give up.”(1948),Harrow School,Harrow School（哈罗公校）, commonly known simply as “Harrow“, is an English independent school for boys situated in the town
3、 of Harrow, in north-west London. There is some evidence that there has been a school on the site since 1243 but the Harrow School of today was officially founded by John Lyon under a Royal Charter of Elizabeth l in 1572.,Text analysis,This text is an inspiring speech made by Winston Churchill, Grea
4、t Britains ex-Prime Minister and famous orator, when he visited Harrow School on October 29,1941.,Structure, Part one (paragraph1) opening remarks:Winston Churchill concluded the great events that had happened in the world with Great Britain in particular and then talked about the purpose of his vis
5、it-to encourage the whole nation to fight against the Nazis.,Structure, Part two (paragraph2-5) the body:He analyzed the world situation and how other countries looked at Britain and then called on the Britain people not to give in.,Structure, Part three (paragraph6-8) closing remark:He expressed hi
6、s conviction that this nation was determined to fight for the victory of this great war.,Rhetorical Feature, Repetition“Never give in, never, never, never” (Title)“We were poorly armed. We are not so poorly armed today; but then we were very poorly armed. ” (para 1), Antonyms“ups and downs” (para 1)
7、“Triumph and Disaster ” (para 3)“great or small, large or petty ” (para 4)“These are not dark days; these are great days. ” (para 8), Metaphor“it seemed that our account was closed ” (para 4)(We were completely defeated by the enemys troops. )“Britain, other nations thought, had drawn a sponge acros
8、s her slate. ”(para 5)( Other nations thought Britain was completely wiped out. )“But instead our country stood in the gap .”(But on the contrary, our country shouldered the responsibility in isolation.), Parallelism“Never yield to force; never yield to the apparently overwhelming might of the enemy
9、.” (para 4),演讲风格,语言简洁、凝练 We were poorly armed. We are not so poorly armed today; but then we were very poorly armed. 第一人称I was here last time we were quite alone, desperately alone, and we had been so for five or six months. （para 1）, 运用长句子There was no flinching and no thought of giving in; and by what seemed almost a miracle to those outside these Islands, though we ourselves never doubted it, we now find ourselves in a position where I say that we can be sure that we have only to persevere to conquer.其实在演讲中，我们是忌讳使用长句子，而丘吉尔的演说却一反常态，恰到好处的运用了长句子，是我们觉得演说不呆板，结构多变。听众随着句子的节奏产生感情的起伏，从中受到鼓舞。,Thanks,
