1、第四讲,长对话题型应对策略,四级新题型的长对话共有两篇，七题。长对话的题材一般都和学校生活有关： 1) 课程内容（以上课为背景，介绍某个知识） 2) 打工内容（常涉及到工作的内容、与学习课程的 冲突等） 3) 科学常识（以上课内容形式出题，范围极其广泛） 4) 度假旅游经历 5) 学校生活（餐厅的食物、某个教师等） 6) 住宿生活（特别是与室友或房东的矛盾） 7) 某项娱乐活动,1. 简介,2. 结构分析,头（head）+ 中间（middle）+尾（tail） “头（head）”： 重现“头”处一两句话中所用词汇，常为第一个或第二个题目的答案（听到什么，选什么） 如果这一两句话一闪即逝，那么在
2、后面反复提到的几个字会出现在“头”处1-2个题的正确选项中,2）中间（middle）：抓逻辑,不能看选项，只能“望天儿”或者“紧闭双眼”，全部听完才能做答案 可以看着选项，边看边听，实时（real time）选择答案3）尾（tail）：足够重视 重现“尾”处一两句话中所用词汇的选项为答案（听到什么选什么） 重现了你记得的那几个词（尾段中）的选项就是答案,3.话题小总 I 学习类,（1）教务场景 场景人物：由教师（导师）或学监等教务人员向学生说明一些学校课程的安排情况。 场景涉及内容：学期计划，调课信息，考试安排，课程介绍等。 常用的词汇和词组：midterm, finals, count fo
3、r 50% of your score, class discussion, seminar, workshop(讲习班), take attendance(点名), elementary, intermediate, advanced等。,经常出现的问题和答案 Q: Who is the speaker? A: teacher, professor, instructor, advisor Q: When does the talk take place? A: at the beginning (in the middle, at the end of the semester) Q: W
4、here does the talk take place? A: classroom, lecture hall Q: What is the topic? A: changes in the schedule, the schedule of this semester, exam schedule, information about on course,（2）选课场景 场景人物：师生之间或学生之间谈论选课的话题 场景涉及的内容：学生是否有资格选某一门课，对于老师的谈论，课程的难易程度，选某一门课的好处和坏处。常用的词汇和词组：required, compulsory（必修）, elec
5、tive, selective, optional, course, description, catalog, bulletin, prerequisite course(预修课程), preliminary course(预备课程), such a heavy load, excellent reputation（声誉）, drop a course(退修课程)等。,（3）补课场景 场景人物：同学之间补课。 场景涉及的内容：通常是某学生因为某些原因迟到或旷课了，事后找另一个同学补课，所以必会牵扯到专业内容。常用的词汇和词组：fill sb. in (暂代某人), Youve really
6、lost me there(你真的让我糊涂了), make sense, miss a pretty important class, clarify the misunderstanding, check the notes等。,经常出现的问题和答案： Q: Why was the man late for class? (Why did the man ask the woman about the lecture?) A: He overslept (was sick, had some trouble with his car, had to go to see the doctor,
7、 dentist, had an emergency) Q: What confused the man? A: 专业课的内容。 Q: What does the man promise to do at last? A: He will not be late again (oversleep again),（4）论文场景 场景人物：教授与学生，或者学生之间进行讨论。 场景涉及的内容：讨论论文写作的相关事宜，比如：论文题目，查找资料等等。常用的词汇和词组：explore the topic, published resources, bibliography/reference, intel
8、lectual dishonesty, get an early start, gather materials等。,II.生活相关类,（1）体育场景 场景人物：同学，朋友或家庭成员一起出去郊游。 场景涉及的内容：往往是一些热门的运动，如cycling, rock climbing, skiing.常用的词汇和词组：ski, boots, outdoors, get in great shape（把身体锻炼得很棒）, ensure the safety, first aid(急救), check the trails, physical education, belts, patience,
9、mental discipline(智力训练）, expert riders, starting line, relay station（中继站）等。,2）娱乐场景 场景人物：同学，朋友或家庭成员。 场景涉及的内容：包括郊游，参加运动，听音乐会，谈论玩的计划等。常见的词汇和词组：enjoy, good day, take a break, relax, reserve a court(预定一个球场), a night-out, take your mind off your test, fair weather等。,（3）租房场景 场景人物：房东，住户 场景涉及的内容：和房东的相处甚至讨价还价
10、。对房子的评价，包括价格，地理位置，也常常涉及到租房子的过程。常用的词汇和词组：roommate, dormitory, deposit, live on, off campus, utilities（公共设施）, heating costs, temporary accommodation（临时住处）, landlord, apartment, sublet（转租）, dishwasher, messy（脏的）, a leaky faucet(漏水的水龙头), tenant（房客）, afford等。,III.工作相关类,（1）应聘（面试）场景 常景人物：聘方人员和应聘者。 场景涉及的内容：
11、对于某种工作的态度和评价，应聘该工作的条件，如何办理相关手续，工资待遇和工作环境，工作时间等。 常用的词汇和词组：teaching assistant, research assistant, lab assistant, administrative assistant, waiter, waitress, nanny/babysitter, dishwashing, formalities, application procedure, reference, salary, wage, demand physical endurance, precareer training(岗前培训),
12、 permanent employment, bonus, part-time job等。,4.原则与技巧,1.“听什么，选什么” 2.“头-中间-尾”与“掐头去尾后中间” a.如果你是可以“边看选项边听”类的考生，你完全可以不十分明确磁带内容，根据你听出的个把词和短语实时地（real time）选出重现那些词和短语的选项即为答案 b.如果你无法“看”、“听”同步进行，你同样可以不十分明确磁带内容，但是你要比另一类考生多做一项工作：记忆（写下）你听出的个把词和短语出现的大致顺序，听完全部内容后根据那些词和短语以及它们被提及的顺序来得到正确答案,5.Sensitive方法&训练,Sensitiv
13、e places “敏感区”：标志词，把握段落逻辑，考试出题的“题眼”，主动“先行”。 A. 12处小总： 1) “head” and “tail” 2) “time” and “number” (e.g. three, Monday, May, 1896, twice, etc.) 3) “repetitive places” 4) “clear/distinct places” 5) “comparison and contrast” (e.g. a figure of speech, compare to, unlike, similarly, differently, etc.),6)
14、 “example” 7) “but, however, though” 8) “because, so” 9) “places of parallelism” 10) “emphatic places”: especially, first, most, and again, most importantly, remember, Oh, I almost forgot, One thing I should mention, Make/Be sure to, What youre supposed to do is to 11) “suggest, recommend, advise” 1
15、2) “question-answer places, personal view/idea”,B. 训练方法,Step 1：第一遍，按照考试时的做题方式，在规定的时间内完成练习。做完以后注意统计对错个数，并分析选项设置特点，练习快速扫描选项的能力。Step 2：脱离文字材料，对短文的内容进行全文听写。然后将自己听抄的内容与听力原文进行比对，分析听不懂的原因，是语音、词汇还是语法结构，在以后的听力练习中有针对性地解决。 Step 3：对照文字材料，一边听一边看，并在段落中找出相应考点和问题答案，仔细体会，分析自己为什么被某些干扰项误导。 Step 4：跟着磁带大声朗读，让自己的语速能基本跟上听
16、力材料的语速。打开文字答案，对应问题，在段落中标出“sensitive places”，对照文字答案再次听录音，仔细体会“sensitive places”, 最后，脱离文字答案，再找“sensitive places”的感觉,Example,(11/06/,p26-27) 19. A) Beautiful scenery in the countryside.B) Dangers of cross-country skiing.C) Pain and pleasure in sports.D) A sport he participates in. 20. A) He cant find g
17、ood examples to illustrate his point.B) He cant find a peaceful place to do the assignment.C) He doesnt know how to describe the beautiful country scenery.D) He cant decide whether to include the effort part of skiing. 21. A) New ideas come up as you write.B) Much time is spent on collecting data.C)
18、 A lot of effort is made in vain.D) The writers point of view often changes.,Answer & Scripts,M: Hello, Professor Johnson. W: Hello, Tony, so what shall we work on today? M: Well, the problem is that this writing assignment isnt coming out right. What I thought I was writing on was to talk about wha
19、t a particular sport means to me when I participate in (Q19. What is the topic of the mans writing assignment?).-head W: What sport did you choose? M: I decided to write about cross-country skiing. W: What are you going to say about skiing? M: Thats the problem. I thought I would write about how pea
20、ceful it is to be out in the country. W: So why is that a problem?,M: Id like to start describing how quiet it is to be out in the woods. I keep mentioning how much effort it takes to keep going. Cross-country skiing isnt as simple as some people think. It takes a lot of energy, but thats not heart
21、of my paper, so I guess I should leave it out. But now I dont know how to explain that feeling of peacefulness without explaining how hard you have to work for it. (Q20. What problem does the man have while working on his paper?) It all fits together. Its not like just sitting down somewhere and wat
22、ching the clouds roll by. Thats different. -middle W: Then you have to include that in your point. The peacefulness of cross-country skiing is the kind you earn by effort. Why leave that out? Part of the point you knew beforehand, but part you discovered as you wrote. Thats common, right? (Q21. What
23、 does the woman say is common in writing papers.) M: Yeah, I guess so. -tail D D A,Example,(11/06/,p26-27) 22. A) Journalist of a local newspaper.B) Director of evening radio programs.C) Producer of television commercials.D) Hostess of the weekly “Business World” 23. A) He ran three restaurants with
24、 his wifes help.B) He and his wife did everything by themselves.C) He worked both as a cook and a waiter.D) He hired a cook and two local waitresses. 24. A) He hardly needs to do any advertising nowadays.B) He advertises a lot on radio and in newspapers.C) He spends huge sums on TV commercials every
25、 year.D) He hires children to distribute ads in shopping centers. 25. A) The restaurant location. B) The restaurant atmosphere.C) The food variety. D) The food price.,Answer & Scripts,W: Good evening, and welcome to this weeks Business World, a program for and about business people. (Q22: What is th
26、e womans occupation? )Tonight we have Mr. Angelino who came to the United States six years ago and now he is an established businessman with three restaurants in town. Tell us, Mr. Angelino, how did you get started? -head M: Well, I started off with a small diner, I did all the cooking myself and my
27、 wife waited on tables, (Q23: What do we learn about Mr. Angelinos business at its beginning?) it was really too much work for two people, my cooking is great and word got around downtown about the food. Within a year, I had to hire another cook and four waitresses. When that restaurant became very
28、busy, I decided to expand my business. Now with three places, my main concern is keeping the business successful and running smoothly. W: Do you advertise?,M: Oh, yes. I dont have any TV commercials because they are too expensive. But I have advertised a lot on radio and in local newspapers. (Q24: W
29、hat did Mr. Angelino say about advertising in business?) My children used to distribute Ads in nearby shopping centers, but we dont need to do that any more.-middle W: Why do you believe youve been very successful. M: I always served fresh possible food, and I make the atmosphere as comfortable and
30、as pleasant as I can so that my customers will want to come back again. (Q25: What does the man say contribute the success of the business?) W: So you will always aim to please the customers? M: Absolutely. W: Without them, I would have no business at all. M: Thank you Mr. Angelino. I think your adv
31、ice would be helpful to those just starting out in business. -tail D B B B,长对话总结,长对话的提问模式基本固定：* 问答式的考点* 分层次的考察* 建议请求的运用。 对话的开头部分一定会出题目。这一点的考察利用的是考生往往很难在一个段落刚开始的时候集中注意力，所以这时候考察的题目难度就显得很高。综上所述，长对话结合了短对话对问答句式，建议请求，和关键场景赐予的考察和短文考察文章层次和理解能力的要求。所以做这样的题目往往需要具备综合的素质，既要注意其中的细节，又要注意整体的把握，还要能够应付7道题目的题量，这比以往的四级题目对综合能力的要求显著提高了。,
