1、2019/6/26,1,英 语 语 音 English phonetics,2019/6/26,2,第一章：国际音标 International Phonetic Alphabet,1886年，欧洲各国的语音学教师在英国伦敦成立了“语音学教师协会”（The Phonetic Teachers Association）,后改名为“国际语音学协会”（International Phonetic Association）。这个协会成立的主要目的是考虑建立一套科学的，能代表口头交际中实际发音的注音符号和考虑如何把语音学的知识有效地应用在英语教学上。“国际语音学协会”的语音专家们主张设计一套能够适用与英
2、语以及其他各种重要语言的音标，并于1888难月发表了他们共同制定的第一套国际性的音标，定名为“国际音标” （Inter-national Phonetic Alphabet），简称IPA.自1888年制定国际音标至今，根据英国标准音（ Received Pronunciation,简称R.P.）国际音标已经被更好的发展和完善了。最著名的首推英国语音学教授Daniel Jones。,2019/6/26,3,简介：1. 英国标准音 (Received Pronunciation) The Queens English Standard Pronunciation Received Pronunci
3、ation BBC2. Daniel JonesDaniel Jones: 著名的英国语音学教授，是科学地完善国际音标的语音学权威。他所编著的 Everymans English Pronouncing Dictionary 自1917年首次发行第一版到1977年，已经发行了14版。在本课程中，凡是用到Daniel Jones 音标的时候，统一简写为D.J.音标。英语音标组成英语中共有12个单元音，8个双元音和24和辅音。,2019/6/26,4,单元音 ( the pure vowels) 前元音 ( the front vowels) 4 后元音 ( the back vowels) 5
4、中元音 ( the central vowels) 3双元音 ( the diphthongs) 合口双元音 ( the closing diphthongs) 5 集中双元音 ( the centering diphthongs) 3辅音 (the consonants) 爆破音 ( the plosive consonants) 6 摩擦音 ( the fricative consonants) 10 破擦音 ( the affricate consonants) 2 鼻音 ( the nasal consonants) 3 舌侧音 ( the lateral consonants) 1
5、半元音 ( the semi-vowels) 2,2019/6/26,5,front vowels Symbol key wordi: sheepI shipe bedA bad,2019/6/26,6,发音器官： 1 上唇 2 下唇 3 上齿 4 下齿 5 上齿龈 6 硬腭 7 软腭 8 舌尖 9 舌中 10 舌后 11 舌根 12 口腔 13 鼻子 14 鼻腔 15 声带,2019/6/26,7,back vowelsSymbol key wordB: car C : nor C not U: fool U book,2019/6/26,8,central vowelsSymbol key
6、 wordQ but: girl ago,2019/6/26,9,closing diphthongs Symbol key wordei takeU noaI likeaU nowCI boy,2019/6/26,10,centering diphthongsSymbol key wordI hereZ thereU poor,2019/6/26,11,/i:/ e me she these Pete eveningee meet keen greet breeze speechea tea pea lead read teach please peak eachei receive dec
7、eive perceiveie believe relieve relief fieldi policeeo people,2019/6/26,12,/i/ i this it is in with middlee English England prettyui building o women,2019/6/26,13,/e/ e met well yet very lecture spendea ready peasant already measure pleasureai again saiday saysa any many,2019/6/26,14,/A/ a am bag ha
8、nd thank campus factory family Saturday,2019/6/26,15,/B:/ a answer ask class glass task staff plant bathar bar park hard large pardon darkau aunt laugh ear heart er clerk sergeantal palm calm,2019/6/26,16,/C/ o on off not lot joba wash what want watchow knowledge,2019/6/26,17,/C:/ a water halt false
9、al all tall call talk walkaw dawn drawnaugh daughter caughtor or nor born lordore beforeough ought bought thoughtour four,2019/6/26,18,/u/ o wolf womanoo book cook goodoul could should wouldu full pull put July,2019/6/26,19,/U:/ o do to lose move prove oe shoeoo cool moon room too afternoon schoolu
10、blue rule June,2019/6/26,20,/Q/ o none son come brother mother other anotheru sun bus study husband,2019/6/26,21,/:/ er her certain terminalear early learn ir girl first bird shirtur nurse turn turn fur furtheror work world worse worm world wordy,2019/6/26,22,/ a about ago China breakfast o oppose s
11、econd method proposeu support suppose suspect campusar collar forward er mother teacher betteror doctor monitor actor factorur surprise surrender survivalou famousour colour,2019/6/26,23,/ei/ a take make name plane change strange label tableai wait rain pain afraid grain train raiseay may way day pl
12、ay sayei eight neighbor reign ey they grey,2019/6/26,24,/u/ o no home post hold notice notebookoa boat coat roadow low know bowl sow showou shoulder,2019/6/26,25,/ai/ i I wife nice tide like find kind mindy my by why style supplyuy buy,2019/6/26,26,/au/ ou loud house round shout thousandow bow now d
13、own crowd,2019/6/26,27,/Ci/ oi oil boil toil spoil voiceoy boy toy joy annoy enjoy,2019/6/26,28,/I/ ea idea really theatreear hear near year clear appearere deer cheer engineerere here,2019/6/26,29,/e/ air air airport chair fair pair stairare care pare fare compareear bear ere there eir their,2019/6
14、/26,30,/u/ ua February oor poor moorour tour touristure sure,2019/6/26,31,plosive consonants Symbol key wordp penb bagt tood dok keyg go,2019/6/26,32,fricative consonants Symbol key wordf fivev verys seez zooF sheV pleasureW thankT thatr redh he,2019/6/26,33,affricate consonants Symbol key wordtF ch
15、eap dV jackettr treedr dreamts catsdz beds,2019/6/26,34,nasal consonants Symbol key wordm men noN sing,2019/6/26,35,lateral consonants Symbol key wordl likedeal,2019/6/26,36,semi-vowels Symbol key wordw wej year,2019/6/26,37,Some skills of the pronunciation of plosive consonants:1 舌侧爆破 /pl-/ place p
16、lane plate please plosive plain pleasure plant /kl-/ clear clean close clue,2019/6/26,38,2 鼻腔爆破/-tn/written button certain frighten/-dn/hidden garden burden pardon,2019/6/26,39,美式发音 American English英式读音根据的是English Pronouncing Dictionary 英语正音辞典。它们代表了被称为“Received Pronunciation”（RP）（标准读音）的读音，这在受过教育的英国人
17、尤其是南部英格兰人中通用。 美式读音代表了一种（有时是两种）在美国人中较通用的读音，通常用KK音标标示，即由美国语言学家John S.Kenyon 和 Thomas A Knott 研究出来的音标。 早在1888年国际语音协会 (International Phonetic Association) 的语言学家便制定出一套可国际通用的语音符号叫国际音标符号 (IPAInternational Phonetic Alphabet)，希望以一个符号代表一音，并避免各人使用一套自己的符号所产生的不便。 国内的英文字典里最常见的音标为英式发音的国际音标 (DJ) 和美式发音的KK音标，前者乃根据Dan
18、iel Jones编的英语发音字典 (English Pronouncing Dictionary, 1963)，后者则是根据John S. Kenyon & Thomas A. Knott二氏的美语发音字典 (A Pronouncing Dictionary of American English, 1956)。值得一提的是，KK音标所使用的符号均从前面提到的国际音标符号 (IPA) 而来，Kenyon & Knott二氏仅将其中适用于美式英语的符号截取出来。,2019/6/26,40,Comparisons of D.J. and K.K. front vowels D.J. K.K. K
19、ey wordsi: I bee I 0 sit e G set A $ sad,2019/6/26,41,back vowelsD.J. K.K. key wordB: Ar carA calm C : or/ Cr norC thought C A not U: u fool U ? book,2019/6/26,42,central vowelsD.J. K.K. key wordQ Q but: “ girlQ sister D ago,2019/6/26,43,closing diphthongs D.J. K.K. key wordei e takeU o noaI a0 lika
20、U a? noCI C0 boy,2019/6/26,44,centering diphthongsD.J. K.K. key wordI 0r herei ideajQ familiarZ Zr thereU ?r poor? actualor/Cr nor,2019/6/26,45,Triphthongs 三元音,D.J. K.K. Key wordsei eQ playerU oQ followeraI a0r fireaU a?Q hourCI C0Q employer,2019/6/26,46,semi-vowels D.J. K.K. key wordw w wehw whenj year,
