1、第11卷第2期 上海财经大学学报 Vol1 11 No122009年4月 Journal of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics Apr1 2009ms |: B821 053 DS M : A cI|: 1009-0150(2009)02-0011-08 lS L# J徐大建( Zv6 , Z200433)K 1:国内外的理论文献对功利主义存在着一些误解,这些误解无法解释功利主义在各门社会科学中所具有的指导作用,也不利于形成适合于市场经济的伦理道德b本文试图通过对功利主义基本观点的澄清,揭示出功利主义的道德标准实质上是一种效率原则,而并
2、不是一种用/ 善0来说明/正当0的价值理论;功利主义伦理学的缺陷也不在于它的后果论和快乐论,而在于它无法说明公平正义b本文认为,当公平与效率发生矛盾时,功利主义只会遇到公平与低效率并存的挑战,而在面临这种挑战时,坚持功利主义可能是一种优于坚持道义论的选择b1oM:功利主义;效率;公平l : 2009-01-20Te:vy(1951- ), 3, Z , Zv6 q,p V 3 =b l C1lB1s, TB ,YV/Kv Kv0B Q dV , / m0a/0a/N 0aV U/r q0S / K0a/ GDP0a/ 3 V ?H0, 5/ B1l M FE,7 O6 5 “ 71 6 O,
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8、i f b7 “G H, E $,T lV ? BTl 4bN, l X l5 B:B KG , A 3 ?Zbmv d: :5 al X l 6,5 2 62002 M1 bl: :5l 6,S S1988 M,1- 2:a20- 25:bE:5 6, gvr, 61999 M,151- 153:bE:5 6,1r, 61981 M,662:b:5Z 6/ , 61987 M,211:b Henry Sidgwick, The Methods of Ethics, Macmillan Co1 Ltd1, London, 1907, p1388;1 X:5 ZE6, #r,S S1993 M,
9、402- 403:b lv ly :5 6, 61983 M,37a89;62a64;86- 88;47- 49b :5 6, 61983 M,3:b: :5l 6,S S1988 M,21- 22:blwPigou, A1 C1 ,The Economics of Welfare,London:Macmillan,1952, pp123- 241lxlzl % 5 l6,vyr, Z 2008 M,7- 9:a42:a56- 64:bl|Judith Thomson,/ The Trolley Problem0, in William Parent ed1 , Right, Restitut
10、ion, and Risk, Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1986, p1 951lvy:5 a6r q6,5 Zv62006 M1 bmu La :57: r M Q6,5 2 =Sv S6, 2008 M5,27:bmvS:5 6, 1989 M,411:bThe Essence and Defect of the Moral Standard of UtilitarianismXU Da-jian( Institute of Economic Ethics, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics
11、, S hanghai 200433, China)Abstract: There are some serious misunderstandings of utilitarianism which can not ex-plain its guiding function in social sciences and are not helpful to generate ethics appropriatefor market economy1 By clarifying the basic ideas of utilitarianism, the paper tries to reve
12、althat the moral standard of utilitarianism is substantially aprinciple of efficiency, not a theoryof value which regards rightness as good1 The defects of utilitarianism are not its theories a-bout consequence and happiness, but its lack of an explanation of justice1 The paper showsthat utilitarianism only meets the challenge with coexisting fairness and low efficiency whilefairness and efficiency contradict each other1 Utilitarianism may be optimal to deontologywhen we confront such challenges1Key words: utilitarianism; efficiency; fairness (责任编辑:海林)18 Zv 2009 M2
