1、专题二 介词、形容词与副词介词*at:1. 表示几点钟 at three oclock2. 休假日（表示节假日期间，而非节日当天）- at the weekend*through/throughout:贯穿期间;遍及于,到处，表示从头到尾- The young men behind me were talking loudly through the performance. - It rained hard throughout the night.- They searched throughout the town for the lost boy.*by: 到时为止- All of u
2、s must be at the school by two this afternoon.- By the end of last month, the great bridge had been finished.- He makes a living by selling newspapers.- The clerk is paid by the hour.*behind: 迟于- The train is ten minutes behind time.- Mary is behind other girls in writing. ( 不如）*during:1.表示在一段特定的时间内
3、：- The sun gives us light during the day.2. 表示在最近一段时间内，句中谓语动词用完成时：- He has been very busy during the last few months.*over:1. over+过去的时间段，表示最近一段时间（常用完成时）- She has been a housewife over the past twenty years.2. 在上面，强调垂直关系- He spread his handkerchief over his face to keep the flies off.*within+时间段，表示一
4、段时间之内，强调不超过这段时间。- He answered the question within the given time.*beyond+时间点，表示 “过了”， “超过”- Dont stay there beyond 10 oclock.*except:1. 同 but ,作介词，其后可加动词原形：- I could do nothing but agree.- He did nothing but complain.2. 如果要把 except 放在句首，就应该用 except for- Except for this one, I have no hat.(except 用于同
5、类排除, except for 用于不同类排除)例题解析：1. The two sportsmen congratulated each other _winning the match by shaking hands.A. with B. on C. in D. to B2. I am sorry its _ my power to make a final decision on the project.A. over B. above C. off D. beyond D3. Marie Curie took little notice_ the honours that were g
6、iven to her in her later years.A. of B. on C. about D. from A4.I know nothing about the young lady _she is from Beijing.A. except B. except for C. except that D. besides C形容词和副词一、常作表语的形容词：1.以 a 开头的形容词afraid, alive, alone, asleep, aware2.其他的形容词 beautiful, high3.有些形容词作表语是以短语形式出现：(1) 形容词 /过去分词 +介词词组be
7、afraid of difficulties(2) 形容词 +不定式It is difficult to work out this problem.(3) 形容词+that 从句I am glad that you like the party.二、形容词的位置顺序限定词（冠词、指示代词、不定代词、物主代词+序数词+ 基数词）+程度状语+描述性+大小（长短、高低）+形状+ 年龄+新旧+颜色+国籍（出处、地区）+ 物质、材料+类别、用途+ 中心词- a beautiful little red flower- those four old-looking, grey, wooden house
8、s三、形容词的构成：1. 名词+ly friendly, likely, lively, deadly2. 名词+-ish, -like, -ly, 表示“相像，类似” childish, manlike, fatherly3. 名词+-ful, -ous, -ent, -ese, -ward,表示“充分的” beautiful, dangerous, silent, forward4. 名词+-less, 表示否定的含义 countless, stainless5. 以-able, -ary, -ent 结尾的 movable. voluntary, excellent四、形容词的主动或被动
9、意义1.不同的分词：-ed; -ing intersted / interesting2.不同的后缀构成的主动、被动形容词主动 -ful; -ous;-ent; -ant envious; forgetful; dependent; tolerant被动 -able; -ible readable; movable; eatable; defensible3.同一词加上不同的后缀，意义不同respectable / respectful, regretful ( 后悔的) / regretable （可惜的）五、副词的构成：1.本身就是副词: now, here, rather2.由形容词+l
10、y 构成: slowly, carefully3.副词和形容词同形: early, late, high, close六、多个副词修饰的排列顺序1.地点+状态（方法）+ 时间She took her son home by car quickly this morning. 2.单位较小者+单位较大者Ill visit you sometime next week.3.副词+副词短语We arrived here safely on time. 七、两种形式的副词：有些副词有两种形式，表示两种不同意思。hard / hardly, late / lately八、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级1.
11、 两种比较级和最高级 old, far2. 比较级和最高级的特殊用法(1) asas （as+形原级+a/an+ 可数名词单数+as）George is as efficient a worker as Bob. (2) a/an+形比较级+ 可数名词单数+thanJack is a more efficient worker than Tom.(3) the+形/副比较级+of+词组Tom is the brighter of the two boys. 九、比较级的一些特殊用法：1.可修饰比较级的词：(by far 远比- ， -得多)- He is taller by far than
12、his brother.- He is by far the biggest wrestler.（也可与最高级连用，表示“最最” )2. 以 or 结尾的形容词进行比较时，用 to 代替 than ( superior, junior, senior )- He is senior to me in the office.3. no more than / not more thanno more than: only 只有，仅仅not more than :at most 不超过- From my home to here, there are no more than five minut
13、es walk. (只有 5 分钟的路程）- Write a passage in not more than eighty words.( 用不足 80 个单词写这篇文章)4. no morethan=notany more than 和同样不- He speaks French no more clearly than I.( 他和我一样法语说不清楚）5.no less than/ not less thanno less than 有-之多，多达not less than = at least 不少于，至少- There are no less than fifty students i
14、n our class.- She can speak not less than three languages.6. no lessthan 和一样- This person is no less diligent than he used to be. 7. no/none other than 只有，正是，不是别的正是- It was none other than Tom.8. no better than=as bad as 和一样差- John is no better than Tom.no+形容词和副词的比较级+than= as +形容词和副词的反义词的原级 +as- no
15、richer than = as poor as- no bigger than = as small as- no stronger than = as weak as9. other than/ rather than other than: 不同于，除之外rather than: 而不是- In no country other than Britain, it has been said, can one experiencefour seasons in a single day.- I think I will have a cold drink rather than coffe
16、e.10. more A than B 与其说是 B 不如说是 A- The boy is more frightened than hurt. ( 肯定前者）11. prefer to do A rather than do B. 更喜欢做 A 而不愿意做 B- I prefer to work rather than wander about.十、无比较级的情况：1. 表示“最高程度”的形容词,如：excellent, extreme, perfect2. 表示程度的副词,如：quite, rather, comparatively，relatively, fairly3. 表示“终极”意
17、义或绝对概念的形容词或副词,如：absolutely, blind, dead, full, perfect, round, entire, wrong4. 表示时间、方位、方向的形容词或副词back, backward, forward, front, past, monthly, weekly, present5. 表示物质性质、物质材料、结构成分的形容词atomic, cultural, economic, educational, golden, political, scientific, urban, wooden6. 本身具有“最”或“唯一”概念的形容词。maximal, mer
18、e, minimal , matchless, sole, only, unique例题解析：1. In my view, Londons not as expensive in price as Tokyo but Tokyo is _ in traffic.A. the most organized B. more organizedC. so organized as D. as organized as B2. He speaks English well indeed, but of course not _ a native speaker.A. as fluent as B. m
19、ore fluent thanC. so fluently as D. much fluently than C3. Mary kept weighing herself to see how much _ she was getting .A. heavier B. heavy C. the heavier D. the heaviest A4. It is believed that if a book is _, it will surely_ the reader.A. interested; interest B. interesting; be interestedC. interested; be interestingD. interesting; interest D5. Come and see me whenever _A. you are convenientB. you will be convenientC. it is convenient to youD. it will be convenient to you C
