1、您现在的位置： 首页 英语四级 英语四级作文 英语四级作文综合辅导 正文英语四级图表作文的类型及参考范文图表作文也是四(六)级考试中常见，而且被认为是一种较难的作文形式。图表作文就是把非文字信息(通常为各种图表表示的数字信息等)转换成文字信息的一种作文。它要求我们用文字来描述非文字性的图表或对图表显示的关系作解释说明。下面我们先来看一看图表作文的类型。第一节 图表作文的类型图表作文可分为两大类：表作文和图作文。表作文表格(Table)可以使大量数据系统化，便于阅读、比较。表格常由标题(Title)、表头(Boxhead)(表格的第一行)、侧目(Stub)(表格左边的第一列)和主体(Body)部
2、分(表格的其余部分)等部分组成。如下表：用表格表达的信息具体准确，而且表格中的各项均按一定规律排列。阅读表格时要注意找出表格中各个项目的相互关系，表格中各个项目的变化规律。例如，上面的表格中的数字说明，和 1978年相比，1983 年大学入学的人数在增加，而小学的入学人数在减少。搞清楚这些变化规律也就读懂了表格的内容。图作文图作文又可分为三种：圆形图作文、曲线图作文和条状图作文。(1) 圆形图作文圆形图(Pie chart)也称为饼状图或圆面分割图。圆形图因为比较形象和直观，各部分空间大小差别容易分辨，所以常用来表示总量和各分量之间的百分比关系。整个圆表示总量，楔形块表示分量。有时圆形图还有数
3、值表，两者结合可把各分量表示得更准确、清楚。例如：This is a pie chart of the average weekly expenditure of a family in Great Britain. As can be see from the chart, the main expenditure of an average British family is spent on food, which accounts for 25% of its total expenditure. The next two significant expending items are
4、 transport and housing, which are 15% and 12% respectively. If we take into account clothing and footwear, which makes up 10%, the four essentials of life, that is, food, transport, housing, and clothing and footwear, amount to 62% of the total expenditure.(2) 曲线图作文曲线图(Line graph)也称为线性图或坐标图。曲线图最适合表示
5、两个变量之间关系的发展过程和趋势。一般来说，曲线所呈现的形状比某一点所代表的变量的值更有意义。曲线图有横轴和纵轴。一般先看横轴所代表的数量或时间等，然后再看纵轴所显示的意义。同时必须找出线条所反映的最高或最低的变化。例如：这个曲线图的横轴代表 1990年的不同的月份，纵轴代表交通事故的数量。从交通事故曲线图上可知，前八个月的交通事故的数量有升有降。曲线图在八月份升到了最高点(39)，此后一直呈下降的趋势，十二月份降到了最低点(16)。可见，1990 年的交通事故的数量总体上呈下降的趋势。(3) 条形图作文条形图(Bar graph)也称为立柱图或圆柱图。条形图由宽度相同但长度不同的条块代表不同
6、的量。当要比较几个项目或量时，常用不同颜色来区分。条形图主要用来表示：1)同一项目在不同时间的量;2)同一时间不同项目的量。阅读条形图时，要先看图例，再看横轴、纵横各代表什么量，每一个刻度所代表的值是多少，最后找出图中各长条所表示的数据及各长条间的相互关系。例如：左边的条形图的横轴代表时间，纵轴代表期望寿命(Life Expectancy)，这一条形图想要体现的是同一项目(期望寿命)在不同时间的量。右边的条形图的横轴也是代表时间，纵轴是代表婴儿的死亡率(Infant Mortality)，这一条形图想要体现的也是同一项目(婴儿的死亡率)在不同时间的量。左边的条形图表明 1990年的人均期望寿命
7、比 1960年的人均期望寿命长 20岁，而 1990年的婴儿死亡率比 1960年的婴儿死亡率下降了 50%。第二节 图表作文的出题形式我们先来看几个四(六)级考试中的图表作文的例子。例 1 题目：Changes in Peoples Diet (1991 年 6月四级试题)Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table. Write three paragraphs to :Food Year 1986 1987 1988 1
8、989 1990Grain 49% 47% 46.5% 45% 45%Milk 10% 11% 11% 12% 13%Meat 17% 20% 22.5% 23% 21%Fruit andvegetables24% 22% 20% 20% 21%Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%From: http:/ the changes in peoples diet (饮食) in the past five years;2. give possible reasons for the changes;3. draw your own conclusions.4. You s
9、hould quote as few figures as possible.范文：From the chart we can see that during the past five years there have been great changes in peoples diet. The greatest change occurs in grain consumption, which has dropped 4% from 49% in 1986 to 45% in 1990 in total food consumption. The second greatest chan
10、ge is in milk consumption, which increased from 10% in 1986 to 13% in 1990. But on the other hand, two trends can be observed in the consumption of meat and fruit and vegetables. From 1986 to 1989, meat consumption increased from 17% to 23% while that of fruit and vegetables dropped from 24% to 20%.
11、 From 1989 to 1990, meat consumption dropped a little to 21%, while that of fruit and vegetables increased a little to 21%. What has caused the great changes in peoples diet? The main reason, I think, lies in the improvement in peoples income level. With the development of our society, people are be
12、coming richer and richer, which enables them to purchase more nutritious food such as meat and milk. In the meantime, grain consumption in peoples diet consequently dropped.So from the analysis, we can draw a conclusion that our society is progressing and people are living a better life than ever be
13、fore. We are now able to purchase more delicious and nutritious food, resulting in an improvement in our health.例 2 题目：Car Accidents Declining in Walton City (1991 年 6月 6级试题)Remember that your composition must be written according to the following outline;1. Rise and fall of the rate of car accident
14、s as indicated by the graph;2. Possible reason(s) for the decline of car accidents in the city;3. Your predictions of what will happen this year.Your composition should be no less than 120 words and you should quote as few figures as possible.例 3 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a
15、composition on the topic Health Gain in Developing Countries. Your composition must be no less than 120 words and you should base your composition on the following instructions (given in Chinese):1. 以下图为依据描述发展中国家的期望寿命(life expectancy)和婴儿死亡率(infant mortality)的变化情况2. 说明引起变化的各种原因从以上例子可见，图表作文一般在题目中给出作文的
16、标题和一个或几个统计表格、圆形图、曲线图或条形图，有时还用英文或中文提纲的形式给出提示，要求我们：1)用文字描述图表，客观解释图表中所传递的信息，并找出某种规律或趋势;2)就图表中所反映的某种趋势或问题分析其原因或后果。第三节 图表作文的写作要领图表作文着重说明事实，常常是通过对图表中所反映的具体数据的说明、分析、比较，对某种事物或现象的事实或变化情况等加以说明，并提出结论或看法。因此，图表作文常常采用议论文体的写作方法。写好图表作文，关键在于能否读懂图表中所提供的信息，把握各信息间的联系，用准确流畅的语言把这一信息表达出来，并就这一信息发表自己的看法。图表作文的写作步骤写图表作文时，要注意遵
17、循以下步骤：1)认真分析图表的含义，弄清图表中所含的信息及不同信息间的关系;2)确定文章的主题思想，构思出文章的基本框架，筛选出能说明图表主题思想的典型数据;3)编列文章的提纲;4)根据文章的提纲，将各段的提纲内容扩展成段落，然后将各个段落组成文章，注意段与段之间的衔接与过渡;5)检查与修改。图表作文的篇章结构写图表作文时，常采用三段式的谋篇方式。文章的第一段往往分析图表中的数据变化反映什么问题或趋势，概述图表所揭示的信息。第二段分析造成这一问题或趋势的原因。第三段则展望未来的情况或提出解决问题的办法或建议。这一结构可以简单地表述为：第一段：概述图表反映的主题思想第二段：分析产生的原因第三段：
18、展望未来或提出方法或建议图表作文常用的句型(1)常用的开篇句型(即概述图表内容时常用的表达法) According to the table/pie chart/line graph/bar graph, we can see/conclude that 根据该表/图，我们可知 The table/graph reveals (shows/indicates/illustrates/ represents/points out) that 该表/图表明 As we can see from the table As can be seen from the line/bar graph As
19、is shown (illustrated/indicated) in the pie chart 如表/图所示，(2) 描述增减变化常用的句型 Compared with is still increased by The number of grew/rose from to An increase is shown in ; then came a sharp increase of In the number remains the same/drops to There was a very slight (small/slow/gradual) rise/increase in 1
20、990. There was a very steady (marked/sharp/rapid/sudden/ dramatic) drop (decrease/decline/fall/reduction) in 1998/ compared with that of last year).下面我们来看一篇根据例 2的题目要求写的范文。From the graph, we can see that the number of car accidents in Walton city fluctuated during the year of 1990. The first two mont
21、hs of 1990 showed an increasing trend. The rate rose to 32 in March but fell to 26 in June. From June on, the rate was rising again and reached the peak point 39 in August. After August the rate began to decline remarkably, and eventually dropped to the lowest point 16 at the end of the year. Theref
22、ore, its obvious that car accident in Walton city declined in 1990.主题句/概述表格反映的内容；(5)反映交通事故的变化情况；(6)小结：总结表格数据反映的总趋势There are several reasons for the decline. First, a new traffic law was made and came into force. It requested that in summer every car should be air-conditioned. As a result, the highes
23、t rate in August, when humidity and high temperature make drivers impatient and easily lead to car accidents, dropped steadily. Second, new roads were built and some narrow streets were widened, which quickened the flow of traffic. Finally, the city administration made great efforts to heighten peop
24、les awareness of observing traffic rules.主题句；原因/措施一；解释措施一/次要辅助；采取措施一后的结果；原因/措施二；原因/措施三。With all these new measures, Im sure the rate of car accidents in Walton city will go on falling this year.总结：展望未来的情况第四节、 图表作文及其参考范文Directions: Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you
25、 should：1) describe the drawing,2) interpret its meaning, and3) point out its implications in our life.You should write about 120150 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)范文 1：Drawings can be useful tools; a simple picture may reveal a profound truth. The illustration above, for example, is far
26、 from complicated, and yet carries deep implications: from the top of a mountain one can see clear and far. Such an image draws attention to the fact that people tend to be distracted by immediate benefits, or deterred by present difficulties. If one was to stand higher and take a broader view, one
27、could make wise, long-term decisions, as well as have a clearer sense of how to solve any given problem. The importance of keeping things in perspective is of practical significance to university students especially. When students face difficult decisions such as choosing between majors or careers,
28、or deciding whether to continue with postgraduate education, they should consider their future life in broad terms. If you allow yourself to become preoccupied by immediate interests or discouraged by current obstacles, you might not make the wisest decisions. Nevertheless, it is important to realiz
29、e that viewing our lives from a far is not equal to aiming for an unattainable goal. Inexperienced youth must be careful to realistically create and pursue their ambitions. It is best to look beyond temporary needs and problems and keep ones present and future life in perspective.范文 2：As can be seen
30、 in the drawing, a man is standing on top of the highest of many mountains while looking at something far away. If you want to be considered as the man who can see further than anyone else, you must stand on giants shoulders. Needless to say, if you were to stand at the foot of a mountain, mountains
31、 would be all around you, surrounding you, blinding you. You can only see a small piece of the sky when looking up, just like a frog at the bottom of a well. If the frog wants to see the outside world, it must jump out of the well to broaden its range of vision. In science, researchers should not co
32、nfine themselves to available materials that can be easily found. On the contrary, it is very important for them to go outside the norm and use as many materials as possible. A large number of scientific materials that have been defined by previous scientists can be regarded as the basis of present
33、research. If we want to make more progress in our present study, we must base our research on previous theories and results. The more materials you possess in your base, the greater the potential. That is, the higher on the mountain you are, the farther you can see.第五节、 图表类写作模版(1) 模版 1According to t
34、he chart / graph / diagram /table, we clearly learn that _. As early as_,_. Then,_.Last,_. In contrast, by_,_.There are many reasons accounting for_. Firstly, _.Secondly,_.Finally,_. As a result,_.As far as I am concerned,_. For one thing,_. For an other,_.In brief, I hold that_.(2) 模版 2What is show
35、n in the chart / graph / diagram / table above indicates that in recent years, more and more people pay attention to _. The number of those who _ has increased _, and furthermore,_.There are two factors responsible for the changes. In the first place,_. Moreover,_. Yet, it is noticeable that _.From
36、the analysis, we can safely draw the conclusion that_. It is possible that in the future, the tendency will_.(3)模版 3As is shown in the chart / graph / diagram / table above, _ has changed drastically in the past _. While _,now the percentage of_ is_. Meanwhile, the number of _ has soared up to _. Th
37、ere are mainly two possible reasons contributing to the rapid changes. The first is that_. Secondly,_.In my view, the changes have a great influence on _. At the same time,_. To sum up ,_.第六节、 图表作文常用词（组） 增加：increase / raise / rise / go up /soar up 减少：decrease / grow down / drop / fall 波动：fluctuate /
38、 rebound / undulate / wave 稳定：remain stable / stabilize / level off ； keep steady/ constant最常用的两种表达法： 动词+副词形式（ Verb+Adverb form）Eg: increase （drop）slowly/ slightly/ gradually/ steadily/significantly/ dramatically/ sharply/rapidly 形容词+名词形式（ Adjective+Noun form）Eg: a very slight/ small/gradual/ steady
39、/ remarkable/ dramatic/ sharp/ significant/ marked/rapid/ sudden rise/ increase/boost/decrease/ drop/ surge第七节、 图表作文写作练习练习四：Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition of no less than 120 words on Changes in Peoples Diet. Study the following table carefully and y
40、our composition must be based on the information given in the table. Write three paragraphs to:Food Year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990Grain 49% 47% 46.5% 45% 45%Milk 10% 11% 11% 12% 13%Meet 17% 20% 22.5% 23% 21%Fruit and vegetables 24% 22% 20% 20% 21%Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%1. state the changes in
41、peoples diet in the past five years;2. give possible reasons for the changes; 3. draw your own conclusions.4. You should quote as few figures as possible.As is shown in the table, there have been great changes in peoples diet between 1986 and 1990. From the table, we can find that grain, formerly th
42、e main food of most Chinese people, is now playing a less important role in peoples diet. And the same goes for fruit and vegetables. On the other hand, the consumption of high-nutritious food such as milk and meat has increased rapidly.What has caused these changes? There are mainly three reasons (
43、主题句). (6) First, people are much wealthier than before. (7) With higher income, they can afford nutritious foods. (8) Second, people have realized the importance of a balanced diet to their health. (9) Lack of certain amount of meat or milk, for example, will result in poor health. (10) Finally, owi
44、ng to the economic reform, meat and milk, which were scarce in the past, are produced in large quantities.(11) Although milk and meat are important to ones health, eating too much rich food may result in obesity and many other diseases. (12)Therefore, people should not only consume a lot of milk and
45、 meat, but also enough grain, fruit and vegetable for the sake of their health.写作练习：给大家一个作文题，请根据这一讲的内容，在 30分钟内完成。大家在写作的过程中要注意审题，考虑文章的结构、采用的扩展方法、开头的结尾的方法以及文章中的过渡等。Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your essay, you should interpret the chart, and give your comments. You should
46、write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)作文解析：本作文题目比较好写，因为标题和图示非常清晰明白。图标显示了 1990年到 2010年城镇人口和乡村人口的变化。考生分析原因的话也会很简单。参考例文：What is clearly presented in the above chart is the different numbers of urban residents and rural population among 1990,2000 and 2010.The number of urban residents cli
47、mbed steadily from 300 million in 1990 to 660 million or so in 2010，while rural population decreased slightly from about 820 million to 680 million or so in the same period.It is not difficult to come up with some possible factors accounting for this trend. On the one hand, with the rapid developmen
48、t of economy and society, people in mounting numbers crowd into cities in search of employment, a decent living and the excitement of urban life recently. On the other hand, the economy in the rural districts is comparative less developed and thus the opportunity to make money and pursue their future is as well lean. As a result, an increasing number of folks are trying to escape this destiny by flocking into the urban
