1、,Accidents,Symbols,Instruments,Training,When accident happens, move the victim out of the way,C P R,Airway Clearance,Breathing,Chest Compression,Send the victim to hospital,Animal Bites,Bites by snakes, dogs or cats, should be sucked out immediately if they can be reached, by either the victim himse
2、lf or by a friend. The mouth of the one who performs this operation must not contain wounds or abrasions and should be thoroughly cleansed with water after each withdrawal of blood. The wound, if necessary, should cleansed with dilute lemon juice. Immediately after this there should be applied a wet
3、 bandage or wet pack医 湿裹法 .,Common Emergencies,Bleeding,Bandaging,triangular bandage,Burned by flamesBurned by hot objectsBurned by hot liquidsBurned by chemicalsExcessive sun exposureContact with electricity,Burns,The best way to extinguish the fire is to throw oneself prone upon the ground and smo
4、ther the flames by rolling. Rugs, blankets, pieces of clothing or any other material within reach may be used by the victim of the accident or by those who are trying to aid him, to smother and to extinguish the flames.,In cases of very extensive burns or scalds, immersion under water of body temper
5、ature or slightly below, has been found very beneficial. In such cases the patient may remain suspended under water in a hammock for days or weeks at a time until the sores are healed sufficiently to allow exposure to the air.,Water,In case of choke caused by extensive burns,Burning of the eyes and
6、face by strong acids, fresh slaked lime熟石灰, etc., is best treated by the immediate application of the olive oil and baking soda小苏打 mixture.,Breathing,Drowning,Electric shock is injury caused by an electrical current passing through the body. The electricity may be atmospheric (lightning) or man-made
7、 (high-voltage transmission and low-voltage lines). Possible injuries include burns and physiological disturbances, which may range from a minor burn to death in severe cases.,Electric Shock,Immediate treatment consists of: separating the victim from the current source, re-establishing vital functio
8、ns and providing supportive care as required.,Shutting off the current source, if this can be done rapidly, is the best method (e.g. throwing a circuit breaker or switch).,Breaking contact between the victim and the current source can be done either by shutting off the current or by removing the per
9、son from contact with it.,Check for heartbeat and breathing. Feel for a pulse along the neck, under the earlobe, on the chest or on the wrist. Watch the rise and fall of the chest to see if the person is breathing. If there is no heartbeat and no breathing, do CPR. (See “CPR“). Get Emergency Care.,I
10、f there is a heartbeat, but no breathing, immediately start rescue breathing. (See “Airway and Breathing“ .) Get Emergency Care.,Choking,Infants and children frequently choke as the result of swallowing small play things or other foreign objects. Adults may choke from getting fish bones stuck in the
11、ir throats or trying to swallow large pieces of meat.,First Aid for a Choking Infant 1. DO NOT perform these steps if the infant is coughing forcefully or has a strong cry “ either of which can dislodge the object on its own.2. Lay the infant face down, along your forearm. Use your thigh or lap for
12、support. Hold the infants chest in your hand and jaw with your fingers. Point the infants head downward, lower than the body.,3. Give up to 5 quick, forceful blows between the infants shoulder blades. Use the heel of your free hand.,First Aid for a Choking Adult Ask the victim, “Are you choking?” If
13、 the victim can talk or cough, the airway is not completely blocked. Encourage the victim to try to cough out the object. If the victim cant talk or cough, then the airway is blocked.,1. Stand behind the victim. Wrap your arms around the victims abdomen (or chest, if the victim is heavyset or pregna
14、nt). 2. Make a fist and place it between the victims sternum and navel, with the thumb side facing the victim. 3. With your other hand, grasp the hand thats formed into a fist. Thrust your hands quickly inward and upward to expel the object.,Muscle Strain,Sun Stroke,Bone Fracture,Unit Nine First Aid
15、,Word Pretest,1. Bpanic:恐慌, 惊慌 be in a panic cause a panic feel panic 2. Asmother: vt 使窒息, 使透不过气来, 把.闷死;闷熄, 闷住(火), 扼杀;抑制, 忍住; 遮掩e.g. a grave smothered in flowers Dont put that cloth over the babys face, youll smother him!,We tried to smother our laughter. smother up a scandal,3. Cresume: vt 恢复; 重新占用
16、重新开始; (经打断后)再继续取收回e.g. resume traffic resume ones spirit 重新振作resume ones seat resume lost territory 4. Bobstruct: 阻塞；妨碍妨碍; 阻挠; (给.)设置障碍e.g. to obstruct a road to obstruct a plan,obstruct somebody in from doing something n. 阻碍物, 障碍物,5. B tilt: vt, vi（使）倾斜；（使）翘起e.g. tilt a chair backward n. 倾斜；斜坡；坡度e.
17、g. (at) full tilt 以全速；以全力 6. B 7. Bexhale: vt 呼(气)放出(蒸汽); 发出(气味), 发泄(怒气)e.g. inhale and exhale smoke from cigarettes, cigars, pipes,8. Aslap: vt 拍；掌击e.g. slap in the face (slap on the back 鼓励)slap around 打击, 粗暴地对待slap down 啪的一声放下.; 把.重重地放下 镇压, 压制; 拒绝slap together 草率建造, 拼凑slap into迎面相撞The car ran sla
18、p into the shop window. n.一拍, 一巴掌, 击拍声e.g. He gave her a slap on the cheek. a slap in the eye face 公然侮辱打耳光; 突如其来的责备打击,9. Ccompress: vt 压浓缩； 缩短扼要叙述镇压e.g. compress two months work into one Can you compress your speech into five minutes? 10. Bcrack: vi, vt 发出劈啪的响声断裂; 裂开身体垮掉, 精神衰退e.g. The vase cracked w
19、hen it dropped.Oil is cracked by heating under pressure. 石油在一定压力下加热分解。,Useful Phrases:crack open 啪地一声打开 crack up (身体或精神)垮下来, 不行了 in a crack 口片刻间, 转眼间 the crack of doom 世界末日, 最后审判日的雷声 crack back 美俚回嘴, 反驳,Useful Phrases Used in First Aid,render first aid drown in ones own saliva choke on ones own tongue roll somebody on the ground put direct pressure on the wound place somebody on his/her back pinch the nostril closed deliver four firm slaps between the shoulder blades kneel alongside the victim apply a cool cloth to the forehead,
