1、Parallelism 平行结构,I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up. I have a dream that one day on the red hills of I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi I have a dream. I have a dream today I have a dream that one day I have a dream today I have dream that one day-Dr.Martin L
2、uther King -I have a dream,General Function,make the speech effective and forceful make the speech clear and logical make the speech more rhythmical and emotional,Content of parallelism,Definition Usages Function contract,Definition,A parallelism is a figure of speech that uses similar structures in
3、 separate sentences to express related ideas and with which the sentence is emphatic and forceful. In parallel structure it is necessary to balance word for word, phrase for phrase, clause for clause and sentence for sentence.,平行结构就是把结构相同、意义并重、语气一致的词或词组或句子排列成串，形成一个整体。其特点是：结构上整齐匀称，读起来铿锵有力,Parallelism
4、, by clarifying the relationship between a writers ideas, or between parts of a single idea, has a rhetorical effect. It is the component of literary style, in which coordinate single ideas are arranged in phrases, sentences, and paragraphs that balance one element with another of equal importance a
5、nd similar wording.-from book,In a parallel construction it is necessary to balance word with word, phrase with phrase, clause with clause, sentences with sentences. That is to say, the general rhetorical principle of parallelism is: similar ideas are expressed by similar grammatical forms.-from boo
6、k,usages,A series of words A group of phrases A row of clauses A set of sentences,A series of words,They waited four hours at the airport, reading and sleeping. (action) The young actor was tall, dark, and handsome. Galileo studied, thought, and experimented. -from book An Englishman thinks seated;
7、a Frenchman, standing; an American, pacing; an Irishman, afterward. (O Malley) 英国人坐着想，法国人站着想，美国人走着想，爱尔兰人事后想。,A group of phrases,She traveled by land, by sea, and by air. To support his family and to put himself through college, he worked several hours a day. Buying a car and beginning her job were t
8、he next steps in her life.-from book Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. (Francis Bacon: Of Studies) 读书足以怡情，足以博采，足以长才。,A row of clauses,A teacher who spends time with his students and who thoughtfully answers their questions will be respected and loved. If you write or if you t
9、elephone, wait for two weeks until I return from China.-from book,A set of sentences,There is no reason for us to be enemies. Neither of us seeks the territory of the other; neither of us seeks domination over the other; neither of us seeks to stretch out our hands and rule the world.-from book We w
10、ill never parley. We will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang. (W. S. Churchill) 我们决不谈判，我们决不与希特勒或者他的任何帮凶协商。,function,Parallelism serves to be one of the means to achieve coherence in a sentences and often results in linguistic brevity, structural balance, and pleasant rhythm. If a writer
11、developed the habit of frequently expressing himself in terms of parallel form, s/he would take a major step toward producing effective essays.,contract,Repetition: Its the profit now, not the product. Half the time, we cheat the foremen, the foremen cheat the management, the management cheats the customer. And the customer are we. Parallelism: Designed with a computer. Silenced by a laser. Built by a robot.,排比和反复的区别在于，首先排比是为了加强语势，反复是为了突出强调某种感情。其次，排比是把两句或两句以上的结构相同的句子连在一起，反复是把某个词语或句子重复两遍以上。,Thanks,
