1、第7讲 定语从句,专题一 语法知识,真题诊断,考点突破,专项训练,内容索引,真题诊断,1.Self-driving is an area _ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.(2018江苏,23) A.that B.where C.which D.when,解析,解析 句意为:自动驾驶是一个中国和世界上其他国家处在同一起跑线的领域。分析句子结构可知,area作定语从句的先行词,从句中缺少地点状语,要用where引导。that和which为关系代词,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语;when是关系副词,在定
2、语从句中作时间状语。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,2.She and her family bicycle to work,_ helps them keep fit. (2018北京,5) A.which B.who C.as D.that,解析,解析 此处应该选A项,which引导非限制性定语从句,指代逗号前面整个主句的内容(她和家人骑自行车上班这件事),which在从句中作主语。用who引导定语从句时,先行词应该指人;as引导非限制性定语从句时,常位于句首且结构相对固定;that不能引导非限制性定语从句。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,3.Kate,_ sister I
3、 shared a room with when we were at college,has gone to work in Australia.(2018天津,2) A.whom B.that C.whose D.her,解析,解析 句意为:凯特,在大学时我与她的姐姐同住一个房间,已经去澳大利亚工作了。Kate与sister是所属关系,应用whose引导定语从句。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,4.In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme,one of_ purposes is to relieve worldwide starv
4、ation.(2017江苏,28) A.which B.its C.whose D.whom,解析,解析 句意为:联合国在1963年成立了世界粮食计划署,该组织的一个宗旨是减轻世界范围内的饥饿程度。本空需要关系代词引导非限制性定语从句,先行词the World Food Programme与purposes之间为所属关系,故用whose作purpose的定语,因此选C项。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,5.The little problems _ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.(
5、2017北京,31) A.that B.as C.where D.when,解析,解析 句意为:我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题有可能是伟大发明的灵感。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是the little problems,且从句中缺少宾语,故用that。as引导定语从句时,多用于the same.as.,such.as.等结构中;where,when引导定语从句时,在从句中分别充当地点和时间状语。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,6.My eldest son,_ work takes him all over the world,is in New York at the
6、moment.(2017天津,9) A.that B.whose C.his D.who,解析,解析 句意为:我的长子现在在纽约,他的工作让他全世界到处跑。分析句子结构可知,此处缺少非限制性定语从句的引导词,且与其后的名词有所属关系,故应用whose。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,7.Many young people,most _ were well-educated,headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.(2016江苏,23) A.of which B.of them C.of whom D.of those,解析,解析
7、句意为:很多年轻人前往偏远地区去追逐梦想,他们中的大多数人都受过良好的教育。分析句子结构可知,此处为定语从句,先行词为many young people,作介词of的宾语,故要用whom。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,8.Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears,none of _ has been proved.(2016浙江,11) A.whom B.which C.what D.that,解析,解析 句意为:科学家们已经提出许多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论,其中没有一个得到证
8、实。分析句子成分可知,逗号后是“代词ofwhich/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句,先行词是many theories,指物,故应用 which。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,诊断报告,解题方法 三法定关系词 1.先行词还原法 如果认为是定语从句,大家可以把前面的名词直接还原到从句中,如果此句意思通顺,并且句子结构正确,则为定语从句。,2.四看法 正确选择引导定语从句的关系词是学习定语从句的难点,大家可以在找出主句后使用“四看法”来正确解答试题:一看指人还是物;二看介词在何处;三看句中作何用;四看是否属特殊,这样就能准确判断关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分,如作主语、宾语、表语,需选
9、择关系代词who,whom,that,which;如作定语,需选择whose,of which或of whom;如作状语,需选择关系副词when,why,where。,3.还原法定介词 “介词关系词”考查的重点在于“用不用介词”和“用什么介词”。因此在答题时考生必须注意解题思路。考生可采用“先行词还原法”将先行词还原到从句中来确定正确的介词,具体做法是: (1)把先行词放在从句中,根据句子的意思来判断用不用介词和用什么介词。 (2)注意从句中动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配。,考点突破,考点1 关系代词引导的定语从句,I live next door to a couple _ childr
10、en often make a lot of noise. A.whose B.why C.where D.which,解析,解析 句意为:我住在一对夫妇的隔壁,他们的孩子经常弄出很大的噪音。先行词为couple,由句意可知children与couple之间为所属关系,故用关系代词whose。,答案,考点归纳,1.who和whom指人,who在定语从句中作主语;whom在定语从句中作宾语,在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom。 2.whose指人或物,在定语从句中作定语,指物时常可用of which取代。,考点2 关系副词引导的定语从句,1.The boss of the
11、company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _ his employees enjoy their work. A.where B.which C.when D.who,解析,解析 句意为:该公司的老板正在努力营造一种轻松的氛围,这样他的员工就可以在这种氛围中享受工作的乐趣。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词为an easy atmosphere,且从句中缺少地点状语,故要用where。,答案,2.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,_ the weather
12、may be better. A.that B.where C.which D.when,解析,解析 句意为:我们将把去公园的野餐推迟到下周,那时天气可能更好。分析句子成分可知定语从句中缺少时间状语,故用when引导。,答案,考点归纳,1.关系副词when,where,why的先行词是表示时间、地点或原因(一般为reason)的名词,在从句中作状语。有时可用“介词which”结构替换。 (1)The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication,especially at work where a good impression is
13、 a must. 在日常交流中这本书对我帮助很大,尤其是在需要有良好印象的工作之中。,(2)I didnt become a serious climber until the fifth grade,when I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree. 直到五年级我才成为一个热衷攀爬的人,在那时我登高去拿下一个卡在树枝上的风筝。 2.当先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时,即使是表示时间、地点和原因的词仍用which/that。 3.当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词,如:point,situation,
14、case,stage等,如果引导词在从句中作状语,常用关系副词where引导定语从句;如果不作状语,则用关系代词that/which。,考点3 “介词关系代词”引导的定语从句,He wrote many children s books,nearly half of _ were published in the 1990s. A.whom B.which C.them D.that,解析,解析 句意为:他写了许多儿童读物,几乎有一半的书是在二十世纪九十年代出版的。逗号之后是一个修饰childrens books的非限制性定语从句,which指代childrens books。,答案,考点归纳
15、,1.若介词放在关系代词之前,关系代词指人时常用whom,指物时常用which。另外,whose也可以放在介词后,即“介词whose名词”结构。 (1)I wish to thank Professor Smith,without whose help I would never have got this far. 我希望感谢史密斯教授,没有他的帮助,我永远不会走这么远。 (2)We are looking for the person to whom the book belongs. 我们正在寻找这本书的主人。,2.“介词关系词”结构中介词的选用 (1)一般来说,确定关系代词前的介词,可
16、以从以下三方面入手: 先行词的意义; 从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配; 句子的意思。 (2)表示“整体和部分关系”,介词常用of。常见结构: 在some,any,few,little,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each等代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。 the比较级或最高级前、后用of which/whom等。 (3)有时“介词where”可以引导定语从句,此时要和“介词which”引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。,考点4 非限制性定语从句,The number of smokers,_ is reported,has drop
17、ped by 17 percent in just one year. A.it B.which C.what D.as,解析,解析 句意为:据报道,吸烟者的数量在一年内下降了17%。as引导非限制性定语从句,意为“正如”,符合句意,故选D项。,答案,考点归纳,关系代词as与which引导的非限制性定语从句,其先行词都可以是整个主句,指代主句的整个意思。但as和which具有不同的词义、句法和用法。 1.as意为“正如,像”。as引导的定语从句可以置于句首、句中或句尾。 (1)The famous magician Liu Qian,as we all know,is from Taiwan.
18、 众所周知,著名魔术师刘谦来自台湾。 (2)As is often the case,girls like dolls while boys like guns. 女孩喜欢玩具娃娃而男孩喜欢枪,这是常见的情况。,2.which引导的定语从句在意义上近乎并列关系时,可以用and this,and that代替,常译为“这一点,这件事”等。它只能位于主句的后面。 (1)He changed his mind again,which(and this/that) made us all angry. 他又改变了主意,这使我们大家都生气了。 (2)She tore up my photos,which
19、 (and that) upset me. 她撕碎了我的照片,这使我很不安。,3.as有以下常见的“固定表达”: as we all know 众所周知;as I can remember 正如我所记得的;as often happens 正如经常发生的那样;as we expect 正如我们预料的那样;as you see正如你所见;as was expected 正如预料的那样;as can be seen 看得出来;as may be imagined 正如可以想象的那样;as has been said above 如上所述;as we all can see 正如我们都能看到的那样;
20、as is often the case情况常常如此;as everybody can do正如人人都能做到的那样。,专项训练,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,1.Finally,we didnt reach an agreement.Some agreed on the point while I was one of opposed it.(2018南开区三模) A.those who B.those C.who D.that,解析,解析 句意为:最后,我们没有达成一致。一些人同意这个观点而我是反对者中的一员。此处考查定语从句,需要有先行词,those,指“那些人”,定语从句缺少
21、主语,用that或who,先行词为those时往往使用who,故答案为those who。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,2.WeChat has greatly changed the way people use mobile phones. (2018南开区三模) A./ B.which C.why D.where,解析,解析 此处考查定语从句,先行词是the way,定语从句中缺少方式状语,用that或in which引导定语从句,也可以省略关系词。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,3.We are to hold the sports meeting
22、 next weekend, the air quality becomes better.(2018天津部分区县一模) A.which B.when C.where D.while,解析,解析 句意为:我们将在下周末举行运动会,届时空气质量会变好。分析句子可知本句是一个非限制性定语从句,先行词是next weekend,在定语从句中作状语,所以用when来引导。which作主语或者宾语;where作地点状语;while不能引导定语从句。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,4.2018 is the third year of Chinas 13th Five-Year Plan
23、, ecological civilization is an important part. A.of which B.in which C.for which D.on which,解析,解析 句意为:2018年是中国的第十三个五年计划的第三年,生态文明是其重要组成部分。此处用of which来引导非限制性定语从句,表示所属关系。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,5.Cheer up!Everyone may have periods in their lives everything seems tough.(2018天津十二区县二模) A.which B.that C.
24、where D.when,解析,解析 定语从句when everything seems tough修饰先行词periods,本定语从句很完整,且先行词表示时间,所以使用关系副词when。句意为:振作起来!每个人在人生中都会有什么都不顺利的时期的。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,6.Is this the reason at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? (2017河西区二模) A.he explained B.what he explained C.how he explained D.why he explai
25、ned,解析,解析 句意为:这就是他在会议上解释的他工作粗心的原因吗?先行词reason在定语从句中作explained的宾语,故选A。 本题易受思维定式的影响而错选D项。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,7.They will fly to Chicago, they plan to stay in for two or three days.(2017天津十二区县一模) A.where B.there C.which D.when,解析,解析 根据句子结构可知, they plan to stay in for two or three days 是一个非限制性定语从句,句
26、中stay in后面缺一个宾语,所以用which或者that代指前面的Chicago,但是非限制性定语从句的引导词不能用that,故选C。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,8.Last month,part of the Southeast Asia was struck by floods,from effects the people are still suffering.(2017河东区二模) A.that B.whose C.which D.what,解析,解析 句意为:上个月,东南亚的部分地区遭受洪水袭击,洪水所带来的影响依然在折磨着那里的人们。空后的effects
27、与先行词floods之间为从属关系,故选whose。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,9.The new buyer identified a dozen new sources for the material,proved to be reliable.(2017南开区二模) A.most of them B.most of which C.most of whom D.most of those,解析,解析 句意为:新的买家确定了十几个这种材料的新来源,其中大部分来源被证明是可靠的。先行词为sources,指“物”且在定语从句的主语部分“名/代词介词关系代词”中作介词of
28、的宾语,故选B。 本题易错选A项,A项只能用于并列句中,若用在此处,需要在其前面加并列连词and或将逗号改为分号。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,10.There is no easy way to remember prepositions,as it is one area of English the rules seem very irregular.(2018天津十二区县一模) A.that B.where C.whose D.which,解析,解析 通过分析可知此处是一个定语从句,先行词是one area of English,且从句中缺少地点状语,因此要用where来引导。,答案,