1、Ergonomics 人因工程,Making the job fit the worker 让工作更适合工人(人性化),Ergonomics looks at:,Work station 工站 Tools 工具 Motions 动作 Physical condition 物理(体格)状况 Physical limitations 受限 Environment 环境,1,Musculoskeletal disorders 肌肉骨骼疾病(缩写为MSDs),Musculoskeletal disorders = MSDs,2a,MSD symptoms 症状,Dull, aching sensati
2、on 迟钝或疼痛 Discomfort with movements 活动不适 Tenderness to the touch 敏感 Burning sensation 灼热感 Pain 痛苦 Tingling 刺痛 Cramping 痉挛 Stiffness 僵硬,2b,Common MSDs 常见损伤,Tendinitis 肌腱炎 Tenosynovitis 腱鞘炎 Trigger finger 扳机指 Raynauds syndrome 雷诺综合症 De Quervains disease 迪魁文氏症 Carpal tunnel syndrome 腕管综合症,2c,Workplace r
3、isk factors 危害因素,Repetitive motions 重复运动 Fixed / awkward postures 单调动作 Vibration 震动 Force 强迫 Twisting / bending 扭曲 Elevation of elbows 举高 Lifting 搬运,3a,Workplace risk factors,Inappropriate tools 不合适工具 Continuous contact 连续接触 Restricted clearance 受限空间 Improper seating/ support 不合适座位、支撑 Bad body mecha
4、nics 不当受力 Inadjustable equipment 不合适装备,3b,Identify risk factors 识别危害因素,Management/employee involvement 管理、员工参与 Audit work stations 检查工站 Audit procedures调整改善,4a,Engineering controls 工程控制,Preferred method 更好方法 Work station design工站设计 Tool design 工具设计 Equipment design 装备设计,5a,Work station design 工站设计,P
5、rovide adequate:充足的Work space 工作空间 Work height 工作高度 Support 支撑 Storage space 储存空间 Machine controls 机器控制,6a,Work station design,Reduce static loading 减少荷载 Raise / lower working height 工作高度 Remove hard / sharp edges 去除硬尖角 Provide mechanical advantages提供机械支持 Insulate heat / cold保证温度,7a,Work station red
6、esign,Provide seating / support 提供座椅/支撑 Improve material orientation 改善材料性能 Improve layout 改善布局,7b,Tool selection should minimize: 工具选择要减少:,Awkward, bent grip 不适感Vibration振动Excessive grip strength过多握力Awkward positions to exert force不利发力Repetitive motions重复运动,8a,Administrative controls管理控制,Job rotati
7、on工作轮换Shift length调班长度Overtime management加班管理Rest breaks休息Production rates工作强度,9a,Work practice controls,Use proper techniques 运用合适技术 Avoid unnecessary steps 避免不必要的环节 Job training 工作培训 Exercise/ conditioning练习/调节,10a,Medical management职业健康管理,Early reporting & treatment提早报告和处理 Symptoms survey临床监测 Med
8、ical treatment治疗 Recordkeeping记录,11a,Back disorders背部问题,Sprains扭伤Strains疲劳Ruptured/ slipped disks椎间盘突出Muscle spasms肌肉痉挛,12a,Back pain factors背痛诱因,Improper posture 不正确姿势 Poor physical condition体格欠佳Improper lifting不正确搬运,12b,Proper lifting,Size up the load Bend your knees Do not twist Clear path Lower slowly Push carts/dollies,12c,Summary,Define ergonomicsMSDsRisk factorsControlsMedical managementProper lifting,13a,
