1、Chapter 6 Turbines and Motors,导言(Introduction),蒸汽透平：将蒸汽的能量转换成为机械功的旋转式动力机械。主要用作发电用的原动机，也可直接驱动各种泵、风机、压缩机和船舶螺旋桨等。还可以利用汽轮机的排汽或中间抽汽满足生产和生活上的供热需要 。,6.2 Kinds of Turbines,Para 1: Classification of turbines,Para 2: Classification of steam turbines,6.3 History of Steam Turbines,公元1世纪，亚历山大的希罗记述的利用蒸汽反作用力而旋转的汽转
2、球，是最早的反动式汽轮机的雏形。,1629年，意大利的G.de布兰卡提出由一股蒸汽冲击叶片而旋转的转轮。 1882年，瑞典的C.G.P.de拉瓦尔制成第一台5马力（3.67千瓦）的单级冲动式汽轮机。 1884年，英国的C.A.帕森斯制成第一台10马力（7.35千瓦）的多级反动式汽轮机。 1910年，瑞典的B. F.容克斯川兄弟制成辐流的反动式汽轮机。 20世纪初，法国的A.拉托和瑞士的H.佐莱分别制造了多级冲动式汽轮机，美国的C.G.柯蒂斯制成多个速度级的汽轮机。,6.3 History of Steam Turbines,此后的经济衰退和第二次世界大战期间爆发，使汽轮机单机功率的增大处于停顿
3、状态。 20世纪50年代，随着战后经济发展，电力需求突飞猛进，单机功率又开始不断增大，陆续出现了325600兆瓦的大型汽轮机； 20世纪60年代制成了1000兆瓦汽轮机； 20世纪70年代，制成了1300兆瓦汽轮机。 现在许多国家常用的单机功率为300600兆瓦。,6.3 History of Steam Turbines,6.4 Operating Principles of Steam Turbines,1. The primary operating principle: 1st Parato convert steam energy (kinetic energy) into mech
4、anical energy that can be used to drive rotating equipment. E.g. compressors.,2Mechanism：2nd Para Note: As the 3rd Para tells us, the steam is from a boiler; 3. Application: to drive the electric generators in modern power plants;zigzag Fig.6.4-1 counter-count 3 line, p118,6.4 Operating Principles o
5、f Steam Turbines,Key term,6.4 Operating Principles of Steam Turbines,6.4 Operating Principles of Steam Turbines,6.4 Operating Principles of Steam Turbines,高温气冷堆直接联合循环发电流程图,6.5 Basic Components of a Steam Turbine,Include: Rotor，fixed parts, fixed blades, casing, steam chest, nozzle, bearings, seals,
6、governing mechanism, lubrication system, other parts.,6.5 Basic Components of a Steam Turbine,6.5 Basic Components of a Steam Turbine,6.6 Steam Turbine Problems,2 types of problems and inspection methods: vibration and hunting 2 types of vibration: radial vibration and axial movement;surging 喘振hunti
7、ng 不规则震荡 Hunting and reasons:,Key terms,6.7 Start Up a Steam Turbine,Operating procedure: Fig.6.7-1,6.8 Gas Turbines,Para 1: The Function and Application: Para 3: Basic components; Fig.6.8-2,6.8 Gas Turbines,6.8 Gas Turbines,6.9 Electric Motors,Para 1: History Para 2: Application, classification and principles: DC direct currentAC alternating current line 2series 串联 shunt 并联 line 1, Para 5,Key terms,6.10 Turbine and Motor Symbols,Homework: 4/8/13,Thanks for listening!,
