1、Chapter 16 Extraction and Other Separation Systems,乔丽洁,16.2 Extraction,Introduction of extraction(萃取): One of the methods of separating two materials from a mixture or a solution; Extraction: A process for separating two materials in a mixture or solution by introducing a third material that will di
2、ssolve one of the two materials but not the other.Another method is distillation. 2. 3 basic types of extraction:,Leaching(浸取),Washing(漂洗),Liquid-liquid Extraction,3. Reasons for extraction (4 reasons in 4 Para.) 4. Liquid-liquid Extraction Process (1) 3 steps: (2) Fig.16.2-1 5. Properties of a Good
3、 Solvent (7 points) 6. Equipment(1) Single stage: Fig.16.2-2(2) Concurrent: multistage Fig.16.2-3(3) Counter-current Fig.16.2-4,16.2 Extraction,7. Extraction Columns (Fig.16.2-5) 8. Extraction column Terms and Principles,16.3 Absorption Columns,Definition:An absorption column is a device used to rem
4、ove selected components from a gas stream by contracting it with a gas or liquid.,The 2 parts use the same Fig.16.3-1,16.4 Stripping Columns,Equipment: A typical gas absorber is plate or packed distillation column that provides intimate contact between raw natural gas and an absorption medium.,16.5
5、Adsorption,Definition: (1st Para.) Adsorption is the process in which an impurity is removed from a process stream by making it adhere to the surface of a solid, which is a porous solid such as activated alumina ,charcoal(木炭) or a variety of other adsorption materials. Process: As we see in the figu
6、re, there are two packed towers. Examples and Application: Para 3 Equipment Fig.16.5-2,Types of adsorption:,Ion exchange; molecular sieves;silica gel; activated carbon,Drying Definition: Para 1 Introduction of equipments:,Definition:A scrubber is a device used to remove chemicals and solids from pro
7、cess gases. Scrubbers are cylindrical and can be filled with packing material or left empty. (1st 4 lines and Fig.16.6-1),16.6 Scrubber (涤气器),Water that is drawn in from lakes, rivers, and oceans, must be treated before it can be used. As water enters the plant, it is stored in large holding basins
8、and allowed to settle out. A series of large pumps take suction off the basin and send water to a series of filters for additional purification. Some filtered water is sent to demineralizers for additional treatment to remove dissolved impurities. In the past industry use water undergroundsubsidence; Nowadays, surface waterit need purification.,16.7 Water treatment System,Process:(Para 3) Mechanism: (Para 5) Example: Fig.16.8-1,16.8 Crystallization,Definition: (Para 1) Process: Fig.16.9-1,16.9 Solvent Dewaxing,Thank you for listening!,