1、课外注意查阅资料,法规速递：,律师常遇到这样的咨询，,插花作品是否应受到知识产权法保护？,据报道，日本国际插花艺术大师真子泰子的一件插花作品白雪公主婚礼上的花曾在中国福建以.万元拍卖成功。,第二章 著作权的客体：作品,内容要点,作品的概念 独创性 不受著作权法保护的对象 作品的类型 问题与思考,第一节 作品的概念,复习： 【WIPO】What is copyright?,Copyright (or authors right) is a legal term used to describe the rights that creators have over their literary a
2、nd artistic works. Works covered by copyright range from books, music, paintings, sculpture, and films, to computer programs, databases, advertisements, maps, and technical drawings.,著作权法的宗旨,Wipo组织声明： Copyright law aims to balance the interests of those who create content, with the public interest i
3、n having the widest possible access to that content. 著作权法目的: 在垄断与分享之间创造并维持一种平衡,使各种冲突因素处于和谐状态,使创作者、传播者、使用者之间的关系,公共利益和个人利益之间的关系达到相对的平衡状态。因此，公共权利和私有权利的平衡程度,也是衡量一个版权制度是否完善的重要标志。,IP中主要权利客体,什么是作品？,works,著作权法所称作品，是指文学、艺术和科学领域内具有独创性并能以某种有形形式复制的智力成果。,作品定义的理解：,许多教材还认为，,国外相关资料，多是列举法来界定！ 注：与后续内容有重复，当注意啦！,What c
4、an be protected using copyright? 正面阐述,Exhaustive lists of works covered by copyright are usually not to be found in legislation. Nonetheless, broadly speaking, works commonly protected by copyright throughout the world include:,1. literary works such as novels, poems, plays, reference works, newspap
5、er articles;,computer programs, databases;,films, musical compositions, and choreography;,artistic works such as paintings, drawings, photographs, and sculpture;,architecture;,advertisements, maps, and technical drawings.,What can be protected using copyright? 反面排除,Copyright protection extends only
6、to expressions, and not to ideas, procedures, methods of operation or mathematical concepts as such.,Copyright may or may not be available for a number of objects such as titles, slogans, or logos, depending on whether they contain sufficient authorship.,第二节 独创性,From: Business Law, Text and Cases, T
7、hirteenth Edition - Clarkson, Miller and Cross,Works that are copyrightable include books, records, films, artworks, architectural plans, menus, music videos, product packaging, and computer software. To be protected, a work must be “fixed in a durable medium” from which it can be perceived, reprodu
8、ced, or communicated. Protection is automatic. Registration is not required.,Threshold of originality,起源于英美法系中的一个著作权法概念，用来检验某一事物是否能得到著作权法的保护。著作权法保护的对象是作品，而不是作品中所包含的概念。 原创性是获得著作权法保护的前提要件。所谓原创性，其并非严苛的门槛，仅指作品需为作者独立完成，具备最低程度的创意，并非单纯复制既有作品的结果。只要具有最低程度的创意，该作品即可满足原创性门槛而获得保护。,一.独创性中的“独”,Originality “独”指的是自己
9、构思和创作。,二.独创性中的“创”,创,“创”指的是创作，它与专利法中要求的创造性不同。它并不要求具有何种程度的先进水平，也不要求作品前所未有，只要求具有创作成分。,独创性与作品是否出自名家大师之手、主题是否新颖、是否闻名、能否为作者带来利润等因素没有关系。,因此，平时的日常用语和通用的表达方式诸如“您好吗?”“吃饭了吗?”“您高姓大名?”等等，由于不存在创作成分，即使是通过各人自己表达出来，也不能算作具有独创性。,三.独创性与侵权认定,Copyright infringement/Copyright violations,Typically, a work must meet minimal
10、 standards of originality in order to qualify for copyright, and the copyright expires after a set period of time (some jurisdictions may allow this to be extended).,Different countries impose different tests, although generally the requirements are low; in the United Kingdom there has to be some “s
11、kill, labor, and judgment“ that has gone into it.,In Australia and the United Kingdom it has been held that a single word is insufficient to comprise a copyright work. However, single words or a short string of words can sometimes be registered as a trademark instead.,第三节 不受著作权法保护的对象,From: Business
12、Law, Text and Cases, Thirteenth Edition - Clarkson, Miller and Cross,SECTION 102 Exclusions It is not possible to copyright an idea. Section 102 of the Copyright Act specifically excludes copyright protection for any “idea, procedure, process, system, method of operation, concept, principle, or disc
13、overy, regardless of the form in which it is described, explained, illustrated, or embodied.”,From: Business Law, Text and Cases, Thirteenth Edition - Clarkson, Miller and Cross,Thus, anyone can freely use the underlying ideas or principles embodied in a work.,一.思想,idea,Ideaexpression divide,The ide
14、aexpression divide differentiates between ideas and expression, and states that copyright protects only the original expression of ideas, and not the ideas themselves. This principle, first clarified in the 1879 case of Baker v. Selden, has since been codified by the Copyright Act of 1976 at 17 B.SC
15、 102(b).,方流芳教授：,案例一：迪斯尼米老鼠案,案例二：超人案,汉德法官清楚地表明了他的立场：在区分思想和表达的问题上，“无人划定了界限，甚至无人能够做到这一点。”（Nobody has ever been able to fix that boundary, and nobody ever can），他本人也无意就此建立一般原则。,插话：,一个被过渡简化的轶闻,二.操作方法、技术方案和实用功能,method of operation,三.事实及对事实无独创性的汇编,四.官方文件和正式译文,五、竞技体育活动,竞技体育无版权,一国可以在著作权法之外设立特别保护机制。 如巴西的体育法就对足
16、球运动员加以特别保护，未经许可是不能擅自转播他们的比赛的。,请课下查阅中南政法学院熊琦老师学术文章：,六、违禁作品的著作权保护问题,第四节 作品的类型,WIPO 组织关于著作权的介绍,What can be protected using copyright?,Exhaustive lists of works covered by copyright are usually not to be found in legislation. Nonetheless, broadly speaking, works commonly protected by copyright throughou
17、t the world include:,What can be protected using copyright?,literary works such as novels, poems, plays, reference works, newspaper articles; computer programs, databases; films, musical compositions, and choreography; artistic works such as paintings, drawings, photographs, and sculpture; architect
18、ure; and advertisements, maps, and technical drawings.,What can be protected using copyright?,Copyright protection extends only to expressions, and not to ideas, procedures, methods of operation or mathematical concepts as such. Copyright may or may not be available for a number of objects such as t
19、itles, slogans, or logos, depending on whether they contain sufficient authorship.,以表现形式进行划分是基本分类,一.著作权法第3条规定的作品类型,（一）文字作品,（二）口述作品,立法例,（三）音乐、戏剧、曲艺、舞蹈、杂技艺术作品,注意,作为著作权客体的戏剧作品指的是属于文字作品的戏剧剧本，而不是演员的戏台表演，也非剧本加表演二者的结合。,（四）美术、建筑作品,以线条、色彩或其他方式构成的、有审美意义的平面或立体的造型艺术，即美术作品，分为下面两种,注意：,（五）摄影作品,注意：,（六）影视作品,（七）图形作品和
20、模型作品,（八）计算机软件,（九）法律、法规规定的作品,二.演绎作品与汇编作品,（一）演绎作品,（二）汇编作品,第五节 民间文学艺术表达的特殊问题,民间文学艺术作品著作权保护条例（征求意见稿）,两大问题,补充说明一点,Copyright topics and issues 未来版权的主题和难题,Copyright touches our lives on a daily basis. Whether you read a book, watch a film, transfer music, or take a photo, copyright issues are ever-present. Explore copyright topics and issues.,课外阅读与课后习题,学术剽窃和法律内外的对策 方流芳,
