如何使作文连贯.ppt

1、如何使上下文连贯 Make Coherence,Discourse Markers,一、过渡性的词语。 在同一话题上补充内容: 另外，还有 whats more, besides, also, moreover, in addition, likewise, furthermore,I dont want to go skating. _, the ice is too thin.I dont want to come out now, and_, I must work. The man is young and good looking, and _ very rich. The rent

2、 is reasonable, and _, the location is perfect.You need money and time. _ you need diligence. For this job you need a lot of patience, _ you need sense of humor (also). The house is too small, and _, its too far from the office.,Whats more,besides,also,moreover,In addition,likewise,furthermore,2. 表示

3、转折关系：但是，然而，相反。,but, however, yet, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, nevertheless, otherwise, still, although.,She is a funny girl, _ you cant help liking her. You can invite him to the party, _ please dont ask that friend of his.This is one possible solution to the problem. _, there are o

4、thers. He was poor, _ happy. There is no coffee-would you like a cup of tea _?,and,but,However,yet,instead,He didnt like reading novels. _, he liked listening to music. She was very tired, _ she kept on working. _ he lost the game, _ hand he didnt lose his confidence. Id better write it down, _, I w

5、ill forget it. Even though she hasnt really got the time, she _ offered to help. She will be coming tonight, _ I dont know exactly when.,On the contrary,nevertheless,On one hand,on the other,otherwise,still,although,3. 表示因果关系：因为，因此，所以。,since as so thusbecause (of) therefore as a result (of) so that,

6、_ weve got a few minutes to wait for the train, lets have a cup of coffee. 2. _it was getting late, I decided to book into a hotel. 3. _ the heavy rain. I didnt go out. 4. He was ill, and _couldnt come. 5. My knee started hurting, _ I stopped running.,Since,As,Because of,therefore,so,6. There has be

7、en no rain. _, the crops are likely to suffer. 7. He has broken his leg and _ he cant walk. 8. He was late _ the snow. 9. I was in the bath _ I didnt hear the telephone.,Thus,therefore,as a result of,so that,4. 表示条件关系：如果，只要，除非，否则。,if unless as(so) long as otherwise or elseon the condition(that),_ it

8、 rains, we wont hold the sports meeting. I wont go to the party_ I am not invited. You may borrow this book _ you promise to give it back. You should go now, _ youll miss the bus.Hurry up, _ else youll be late. Ill come _ the weather is fine.,If,unless,as long as,otherwise,or,on the condition that,5

9、. 表示时间关系： 当时候，不久，自从，等等。,when while after before subsequently（后来）until as soon as later afterwards soon lately recently sincefrom then on,1._ water becomes solid, we call it ice. 2. Some students were reading _ others were writing 3. I found your coat _ you had left the house. 4. He turned and ran aw

10、ay _ I said a word. 5. At first, we thought we would go, _ we learned we were needed at home. 6. Please wait here _ I come.,When,while,after,before,subsequently,until,7. I will tell him _ I see him. 8. _ she and he came to join us, too. 9.She is having lunch with me, and _, were going for a walk. 10

11、. I havent heard from him _. 11. Where have you been _ I last saw you. 12._, he finished his homework by himself.,as soon as,Later,afterwards,recently/ lately,since,From then on,6. 表示特定的顺序关系：,above all first of all firstly (first) second (secondly)next then in the end finally lastly,_, remember to s

12、end us your new dress._ tell us your name. _ you should listen to the teacher attentively. _, do what he or she tells you to do. _, when you have finished your experiment, tidy the lab. _, put everything back in the cupboards._ write down your name and class. _, you should write down what you hear.

13、_, check the paper and hand it in. After putting it off three times, we _ managed to have a holiday in Greece.,Above all,First of all,First,Next,Then,In the end,First,Second,Lastly,finally,7.进行举例说明：例如，比如。,for exampletakefor examplefor instancelikesuch as,1.You can buy fruit here-oranges and bananas,

14、 _. 2.There are several people interested, _ Mr Jones and Mr Simpson. 3.Weve planted lots of different flowers, _ roses, carnations, and poppies. 4. _, he is a diligent student.,for example,like,such as,Take Tom for example,8. 用于陈述和强调事实： 实际上，跟你说实话。,actually as a matter of fact to tell you the truth

15、in realityin fact in deedin particularnamely,_, he is an honest boy. _its we that owe you a lot._, he didnt know it either. _, he did not know where he was going._ nothing happened to him.She accepted the proposal _.I like fish in general, and salmon _.Only one man was absent, _Turner.,In fact,Actua

16、lly,As a matter of fact,To tell you the truth,In reality,in deed,in particular,namely,9. 换一种方法表述：换句话说。,that is to say / in other words / to put it another way I will arrive on the 10th of May, _, in three weeks. Your performance in the driving test didnt reach the required standard, _, you failed. M

17、any people came to listen to him sing, _ , the concert was a success.,that is to say,in other word,to put it another way,10.表示选择,ratherthan / otherwise / whetheror 1. _ John do it, Id prefer to do the job by myself. 2. The leaders settled the argument, _, the world have been war. They will find out

18、who did it, _you tell them _.,Rather than,otherwise,whether,or not,11. 进行总结： 总而言之，总的说来,all in all, on the whole, in general, in short , in a word. 1._, her condition is greatly improved. 2. The weather this month has been good _. 3. _ her work has been good, but this essay is dreadful. 4. The hotel

19、was miles from the centre, it was noisy and the food was awful, _, I wouldnt stay here. 5. _, this is a decisive victory.,All in all,on the whole,In general,in short,In a word,Multiple choice,Permission was not granted for the interview: _ the reporter never gave up hope. moreover B. however C. beca

20、use D. instead 2. James Joycy was a painstaking writer; _ he once spent half a day on the composition of a single sentence. for example B. on the other hand C. nevertheless D. moreover,_,_,3. The discover of gold in California created the gold rush; _ the discovery of oil in Alaska created an oil ru

21、sh. likewise B. yet C. such as D. so 4. Astronomy has to deal with the largest bodies and the greatest distance in the universe; _ chemistry has to deal with the smallest particles and the shortest distances in the universe. so B. on the other hand C. when D. therefore,_,_,5. Smith kept his business

22、 from getting smaller, _ he could not expand it. as B. though C. because D. as long as 6. If you think twice _ you speak once, you will speak twice better for it. After B. when C. as D. before 7. The leaders settled the argument; _ there would have been war. A. otherwise B. because C. so D. unless,_

23、,_,_,8. He went home, _ went straight to bed. from then on B. when C. then D. until 9. This play, _, is very wonderful: There are many interesting Characters in it. out of question B. on the whole C. otherwise D. finally 10. Susan is a good student; _ she gets good grades in school. that is to say B

24、. for example C. moreover D. as a result,_,_,_,11.He was born and brought up in America, _ he can speak English. in fact B. instead C. so D. furthermore 12. He must have passed this way, _ there are his foot-prints. first of all B. namely C. in fact D. for 13. Phone home, _ your parents will start t

25、o worry. otherwise B. even though C. thus D. so that,_,_,_,14. I like games _ and especially football. in particular B. in general C. in fact D. in other words 15. It is just a week _ we arrive here. as soon as B. since C. when D. soon,_,_,Find out the connectors,There are many reasons for animals d

26、ying out, but the most important one is the part that the human beings have played. First, many animals have been killed for food. Secondly, many of the places where these animals used to live have been destroyed. Dry lands have been watered. Wetlands have been turned into fields. Forests have been

27、cleaned into agricultural land or used for building. Polluted rivers and lakes have also been a cause of animal death.,_,_,_,_,_,Fill in the blanks:,Nowadays, doing part-time jobs has become a fashion to us students. There are many advantages in doing part-time jobs while you are in school.Doing par

28、t-time job can offer you a chance to make money. _ you can use the money to pay for your education, _ buy something you need. You can _ gain some working experience from it. _ you will be able to adapt yourself to future life.,Then,and,also,Therefore,_ part-time jobs also have some disadvantages. _

29、it might occupy some of your time so that your school lessons will be affected. _ if you dont know how to deal with the money you earn correctly, the extra pocket money may lead you to waste more money and form bad habits. _ part-time jobs can give a bad influence on you. Because of the advantages a

30、nd disadvantages of the part-time jobs, you should maintain a correct attitude and choose jobs properly, then you can benefit from it.,However,On one hand,On the other hand,So,Rewrite:,Today is Labor Day. It is a festival. I went to the East Lake Park with my friends. I saw lanterns and streamers. M

31、any people were there. We had a picnic. We cleared away the rubbish. Today is Labor Day. In honor of the day, I went to the East Lake Park with friends, where I saw lanterns and streamers. Many people were also there. In the park, we cleared away the rubbish. After that, we had a picnic under a tree

32、. And we had a good time today.,Rewrite:,2. In the morning, I got up. I walked to school. I saw smoke rising from a building. It must be on fire. I dialed 119. Fire engines arrived. The firemen put out the fire. I got up early in the morning. After breakfast, I was about to walk to school when sudde

33、nly I saw plenty of dark smoke rising from a building nearby. I knew it must be on fire. So I went to the nearest telephone booth and dialed 119 immediately. Three minutes later, some fire engines arrived and the fire was put out finally.,Rewrite:,I will tell you the change of my life. Before, we ha

34、d many classes every day. I had to do a lot of homework after school. I went to bed at 11:30 in the evening. I had no time to play. I was very tired. Now I can visit museums. I can learn computer and drawing. In the evening, I can read books and newspapers and watch TV. I go to bed at 10:00 now.,Im

35、very pleased to tell you the changes in my life since our homework has been reduced. Before that, learning during the day was very simple. Having class and doing homework was the only thing we should do. In the evening, we also had a lot of homework to do. We could not go to bed until 11:30. Nevertheless, since reducing the learning load, my life has become much more interesting. I also have time to watch TV and read newspapers. I no longer stay up late; on the contrary, I go to bed at about 10pm.In short, I am quite satisfied with my life now.,