1、四级听力简短对话详解 1要求 大学英语四级听力要求学生掌握扎实的语言基本功（一定的词汇量）,拥有良好的听力习惯和技能,以及对相关学科的背景知识(如英美的历史文化、风俗习惯) 的了解.在收听材料的过程中能运用这些能力来推断演绎,得出正确的答案. 注意事项 保持良好的心态，头脑要冷静，一个题听不懂不要过多纠缠。 善于利用时间： （1）播放考场指令时，题目说明和例句时 （2）题与题之间的 13 秒间隔利用好 阅读选项，猜测谈话话题和可能问的问题：听前从所给的文字材料和答案选项等线索中发现一些背景信息，力求缩小谈话者的话题，它能帮助考生搞清所听内容的类型和结构甚至主题。考生听的时候可避免过分注重每个单
2、词从而影响对全篇中心思想的理解。考生应抢时间阅读试卷上的选项，争取主动，以便在听音时有针对性。根据选项猜测问的是时间、地点、人物、金钱、还是计划、打算、状态等等。如： A. The professor spoke too fast. B. The professor spoke with a strong accent. C. The professors lecture notes were too complicated. D. The professors presentation was not convincing enough W: The presentation made by
3、 Professor Jackson was too complicated to understand. M: Well, I think he didn t speak slowly enough for us to take notes. Q: Whats the mans complaint? 阅读选项要一目十行，提高效率：听力不像阅读，它是单向性的、一次性的。时间有限，提高阅读选项的速度。 A. She read it slowly. B. She read it selectively. C. She finished it at a stretch. D. She went ov
4、er it chapter by chapter. M: Have you finished reading the book you bought last month? W: Oh, I didnt read it straight through the way you read a novel, I just covered a few chapters that interested me most.Q: How did the woman read the book? 手耳并用，简单做笔记：录音中的细节，如重要的数字、人物、地名等，仅大脑记忆很难完全记住。因此，考试中可以有目地的、
5、有选择的加以记录，以便听完录音后能快速准确的选出答案。 多做真题。十多年来的每年两度的四级考试，光是真题就积累了几十套了。这些真题的命题还是很有规律可循的。要找四级的感觉，就得多做真题。 听力测试形式 大学英语四级听力部分测试一般包括两部分内容 Section A 和 Section B，分别是以下三种形式： 1简短对话部分：该部分一般是日常生活中的对话，即衣、食、住、行、工作、学习、生活等话题，场景可分为校园、公共场所（银行、机场、医院、邮局、交通工具等） 、家庭、办公室等方面。每题 1 分。 2短文听力部分：考三篇短文，一般是情节不太复杂的故事、讲话、叙述、对话等，如动物介绍、地区及大学情
6、况介绍等。短文主要考查考生对文章大意、中心思想、重要细节的理解与领会，以及根据所获取的相关信息，对文中的某些细节做出联想、判断，也有就短文中的某一事实和人物进行提问的题目。每题 1 分。 3复合式听写部分：最近几年四级考试的一个重要内容，其目的是为了能够客观地检测学生的听力水平。它包括对理解能力（即“听“ ）和一定的书面表达能力（即“写“）这两方面的测试。一般需要填十个空，前七个是单词，每题 0.5 分，后三个是句子，每句 2 分或 2.5 分 一般来说，四级考试的听力部分为第 1 和第 2 部分的搭配或第 1 与第 3 部分的搭配。 我们今天先来讲第 1 部分：简短对听力部分。对听力考试中的
7、对话的命题规律加以归纳,希望对考生有一些帮助. 简短对话的形式：一般是男士说一句，女士说一句，然后根据他们的对话内容由第三方提出一个问题。该部分一般是日常生活中的对话，即衣、食、住、行、工作、学习、生活等话题，场景可分为校园、公共场所（银行、机场、医院等） 、家庭、办公室等方面。每题 1 分。 简短对话的类型：按照简短对话的内容或句型，我们可以把该部分分为以下类 问对话发生的地点和场所： Where does the conversation most probably take place? Where does this conversation most likely occur? Wh
8、ere are the two speakers?四级听力简短对话详解 2不同的场景下人们交谈用语也不同，例如： 校园：campus, dorm, library (renew the books, overdue, pay a fine, bookshelf), lab, canteen, roommate, professor, semester, term, pass, fail, exam, course, credit, resume，tutor, graduate, presentation, speech, report, lecture, paper, scholarship
9、等。 银行：open an account, cash the check, buy travelers check, ATM, draw/deposit money, balance, savings 等。 餐馆：menu, a table for two, a table in the corner/by the window, full, on diet, treat, order, course, salad, wine, dessert，waiter, reserve, take order 等。 机场：board, flight, gate number, check in, bo
10、arding pass, seat-belt 等。 交通：due to arrive, fast train, non-stop train, xx minutes late, postpone, delay, break down, traffic jam, flat tire, speeding, pay a fine 等。 医院：Do you have an appointment? Whats the matter with you? take one s temperature, have a fever, have a sore throat, keep coughing, too
11、thache, headache, physician, surgeon, doctor, nurse, operation-room, emergency room, ward, visiting hours, prescribe, pill, capsule 等。 邮局：business hours, parcel, postage, letter, stamp 等。 家庭：darling, sweet heart 之类的比较亲近的称谓语，watch TV, fix the washing machine,grocery, mow the lawn, sofa, kitchen, dini
12、ng-room, have a bath 等。 旅馆：check in/out, make a reservation, register, reception desk 等。 找房子：价格高，太吵，难找 这样的问题的答案选项一般是由介词 in 或 at 后面加一个地点构成的。 如： M: How many hours are you taking this semester? W: Eighteen, plus two hours of lab.Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place? A. In a restauran
13、t. B. In a bank. C. At an office. D. In a university. 该题的关键词是 semester 和 lab. 提问人物关系或人物的身份：此类对话提供一个情节，能反映所涉及的人的关系或身份，关键词可以参考第 1 点中列出的。 （1） 问人物的关系: Whats the probable relationship between the two speakers? 如： M: Good evening, Madam. There is a table for two over there. This way, please. W: Thank you.
14、 Could I see the menu, please? Q: Whats the relationship between the man and woman? A. Husband and wife. B. Waiter and customer. C. Salesman and customer. D. Host and guest. 该题的关键词是 menu 和 Madam. （2） 问人物的职业身份：Who is the man/the woman? 如： M: According to your ad in this mornings paper, you have an ap
15、artment for rent. W: Yes, I have. Its on the second floor. Would you like to have a look? Come this way, please. Q: Who is the woman? A. A bank clerk. B. A secretary. C. A landlady. D. A doctor.四级听力简短对话详解 3该题的关键词是 an apartment for rent 和 ad. 计算类。一般涉及时间和价钱的运算。 （1）问活动发生的时间或具体几点。该类的题一般不会直接告诉我们时间，会涉及到时间
16、的一些简单的加减运算。要注意一些关键词，如：a quarter (to/past), half (past),daily, weekly, fortnight 等。 W: Bob, are you going straight home after school today? M: No. I have a class until one oclock, and after that Im going to spend a couple of hours at the library before going home. Q: When is Bob going home this after
17、noon? A. Around 5:00. B. Around 3:00. C. At 2:00. D. At 1:00. 本题的关键是 until one oclock，和 to spend a couple of hours at the library before going home。 （2） 商品的价格。该类的题也涉及到一些简单的加减乘除运算。要注意一些关键词，如：10% off, discount, double, half the price, couple, pair, dozen, a real bargain, on sale，change 等。尤其要注意单件商品的价格，
18、买多件商品是否优惠，找零，以及最后的问题是说话人要付的钱、单件商品的价格、还是买若干商品需要付的钱。如： W: Here s a ten-dollar bill. Give me two tickets for tonights show, please. M: Sure. Two tickets and heres a dollar forty cents change. Q: How much does one ticket cost? A. $ 8.60. B. $ 4.30 C. $ 6.40. D. $ 1.40 本题的关键是 ten-dollar bill, two tickets
19、, a dollar forty cents change. 4人物的计划或打算。 这类问题中第一个说话人往往会提出一种观点或提议或建议，要仔细听第二个说话人是同意还是反对。 （1） 第二个说话人同意第一个人的观点或提议或建议 如： W：You need a rest. Youve finished your exams. So why dont you go away somewhere for a long weekend? M: Thats a good idea. Perhaps Monica will come with me. Q: What will the man probab
20、ly do? A. To have a good rest. B. To see Monica. C. To go abroad for the weekend. D. To take an exam. 本题的关键是 Thats a good idea，说明第二个说话人同意第一个说话人的观点。 （2）第二个说话人不同意第一个人的观点或提议或建议，大多数情况下是礼貌委婉地表达自己的不同意见，所以要特别注意： 如： M: Mary, would you like to go to the movies with me after dinner? W: Well, Ill go if you rea
21、lly want me to, but Im rather tired. Q：What can we learn from the conversation? The woman does not want to go to the movies. The man is too tired to go to the movies. The woman wants to go to the movies. The man wants to go out for dinner. 本题的关键是but 四级听力简短对话详解 45.人物的感觉状态。除了根据说话人的语气判断之外，对话中出现的关键词可能有：
22、excited, disappointed, overjoyed, relieved, upset, unhappy, blue, depressed, relaxed, anxious, tense, worried，angry 等。 如： W: Werent you nervous when the professor called on you in class? M: Id say I was shaking all over. Q: How did the man feel when he was called on? Worried and frightened. Very rel
23、axed Quite unhappy. Angry with the professor. 本题的关键是 I was shaking all over. 6交通或交通工具。该类的对话一般涉及交通工具晚点或交通出现了某些问题。 对于交通工具晚点的问题，有时会谈论正点时间和推延的时间，然后再说原因。 这类题的关键词是：be caught in a traffic jam, the rush hour, flat tire, break down, traffic accident, behind schedule, due 等。 如： W: Im sorry, sir. The train is
24、somewhat behind schedule. Take a seat, and Ill tell you as soon as we know something definite. M: Thank you. Ill just sit here and read a magazine in the meantime. Q: What can we conclude about the train from the conversation? A. The train is crowded. B. The train is late. C. The train is empty. D.
25、The train is on time. 本题的关键是 behind schedule. 7请求或建议。表示请求的句型一般有：Can you? Would you? Would you mind ? 表示建议的句型一般有：If I were you, Id Shall we? Why not? Perhaps we should. It would be better ifHow about ? 如： M: Can I use your new car, Auntie? W: Yes, of course, if you drive it carefully. Q: Whats the au
26、nts answer? A. She agrees to lend him the car. B. She offers him the car. C. She refused to lend him the car. D. She is pleased to lend him the car. 本题的关键是 Yes, of course,虽然后面又附加了条件 if you drive it carefully. 8释义、替换或上下义。该类对话的选项中会用单词替换或解释对话人表达的意思，同时考查听力和词汇。 如： W: Have you finished reading my research
27、 report? I put it on your desk last week. M: Yes, but you have to revise some parts of it, if you want to get it published. Q: What does the man suggest that the woman should do? A. Put her report on his desk. B. Read some papers he recommended. C. Mail her report to the publisher. D. Improve some p
28、arts of her paper. 本题的关键是理解 revise 的同义词是 improve. M: Nancy, why were you late today? W: I overslept and missed the bus. Q: Why was Nancy late? A. She got up later than usual.B. The bus was late. C. She forgot she had class.D. Her clock was slow. overslept 也就是 got up later than usual。 有些题尽管问题可能问的是含义之
29、类，但其实考查的是同学们对上下义关系的掌握。如： M: Let me see. Ive printed my family name, first name, date of birth and address. Anything else? W: No, thats all right. Well fill in the rest of it if you just sign your name at the bottom. Q: What has the man been doing? A. Having an interview. B. Filling out a form. C. Ta
30、lking with a friend.D. Asking for information. 上义词为概括性词语，下义词所表示的则是具体的东西。本题中能够概括男士所做之事的应该是选项 B。 作 者站长统计 流量交换 四级听力简短对话详解 59. 人物对某件事物的观点或态度，或考生从对话中能获得什么信息或结论。该类的题难度较大，类型也比较繁多复杂。需要考生全面理解对话内容。 What does the man mean (imply) ? What does the womans answer suggest? What can we learn from the conversation? W
31、hat can be concluded from this conversation? 如： W: You seem to have a lot of work to do at your office. Youre always staying late and working overtime. M: Thats true. But its no bother to me. The work is interesting. I dont mind working extra hours at all. Q: How does the man feel about his job? A:
32、He enjoys it very much. B: He doesnt care much about it. C: He doesnt mind even though its tedious. D. He hates working overtime. 本题的关键是 The work is interesting. 询问对方的观点和态度问题中有一大类是含有虚拟语气的。该类型一直是英语四级热门考点。这就要求同学们了解虚拟语气的表意功能，根据虚拟语气判断正确选项。如 W: I m thinking of going to Austin for a visit. Do you think it
33、s worth seeingM: Well, I wish I had been there. Q: What do we learn from the conversation? A. The man is planning a trip to Austin. B. The man has not been to Austin before. C. The man doesnt like Austin. D. The man has been to Austin before. I wish I had been there.说明说话人没有去过。 含“but“ 的题型 该题型中第二人的答话由
34、两部分组成,先是一个简单的短句,后是一个较长的句子,短句和长句之间用 but 连接 .but 后的长句是答案的关键 . W: I thought the librarian said we could check out as many books as we need without a library card. M: That s right, but not those reference books. Q: What does the man mean? A. Students with a library card can check any book out. B. Refere
35、nce books are not allowed to be checked out. C. Only students with a library card can check out reference books. The number of books a student can check out is unlimited. 含条件关系的题型 条件句包括真实条件句和虚拟条件句.考生要注意判断所给条件为真实条件句还是虚拟条件句,找出句子的正确时态.如： W: Did you win the game? M: If only our team had scored one more
36、point! Q: What does the man mean? A. Its too bad we didnt score another point. B. Our team is the best one by far. C. We won a very close game. D Their team didnt get a single point. 条件句型由 if only 引导，后面跟的是虚拟语气，意思是“ 要是我们多得一分就好了！“由此我们判断事实情况与此相反。 W: If I buy some plants for the house, will you water th
37、em for me while I am away? M: Sure, I will, if you water mine while Im on vacations. Q: What will the man do for the woman? A. Clear her house while she is away. B. Buy some plants and take care of them. C. Water her plants while she is away. D. Water her plants while he is not at work. 条件句型由 if 引导，
38、后面跟的是陈述语气，所以男士实际上是答应了女士的请求。 含有反问句或设问句的题型 对话中经常会用到反问句或设问句，该类题比较含蓄，所以，不仅要理解对话的表层意义，还需体会言外之意。明确要求听懂言外之间的典型问题是：“What does the man/woman mean/suggest?“ A)She agrees with the man B)They should ask the typist about it . C)The typist is very good . D)The typist is not good . 对话原文为： M：I think we should repla
39、ce the old typewriter W: Why not the typist? Q: What does the woman mean ? 男士认为应该更换那台旧打字机，而女士却反问：“为什么不更换打字员？“ 其言外之意是，问题不在打字机，而是打字员不好，故应选 D)。 六 表示同意与肯定的常用语 (*表示跟表面意思相反的、需要特别注意的表达方法) 1同意或肯定对方陈述的观点 如：Tony is very hard-working. 表示同意的常用语就有： (1) With no doubt. (2) There is no denying. (3) * I cant agree m
40、ore. 2. 对询问观点的句子的肯定回答 如： How was the concert? 表示肯定的常用语就有： (1) Not bad. (2) It was terrific! (3) It was amazing! (4) It was fantastic! (5)* Ive never been to a better one. 3同意帮助对方 如：Can you help me with the math problem? (1) No problem. (2) You can count on me. (3) Its a piece of cake. (4) Sure. 4. 同
41、意对方的提议 如：Shall we go to the seaside for the weekend? （1）* Why not? （2）* I really cant wait. （3）Thats what I have in mind. 七表示怀疑与否定的常用语(*表示跟表面意思相反的、需要特别注意的表达方法) 1怀疑与否定对方陈述的观点 如：Tony is very hard-working. 表示否定的常用语就有： (1) Are you kidding? (2) I know you dont mean it. (3) He is by no means hard-working.
42、 (4) He is anything but hard-working. (5) * He is the last man that I think hard-working. 2. 对询问观点的句子或知识性的问题的否定回答 (1) 对询问观点的句子 如： How was the concert? 表示否定的常用语就有： Ive never been to a worse one. Just so-so. It sent me to sleep. I couldnt help dozing off. It was a waste of time and money. *Well, I sho
43、uld have stayed at home.四级听力简短对话详解 7(2) 对知识性的问题 如： Who invented the computer? Who knows? It is beyond me. * It is at the tip of my tongue 3.拒绝帮助对方 如：Can you help me with the math problem? (1) You are driving me mad. (2) I dont want to be interrupted before I finish my term paper. (3) * Id like to, b
44、ut Ive got an appointment with a professor at two oclock. (4) * I wish I could, but I afraid that Ive got to rush now. （5）*Im afraid I just ran out of time. 4. 拒绝对方的提议或要求 (1) 拒绝对方的提议 如：Shall we go to the seaside for the weekend? Id like to, but my paper is due next Monday. Ill go if you really want
45、me to, but I want to have a good rest at home. (2) 拒绝对方的要求 如： Try not to make mistakes in your exam. * Well, easier said than done. 否定句型在这类题型中，最重要的线索是抓住否定性的关键词。值得注意的是这类题一般都不是以明显的否定方式出现的，所以需要考生多加注意。包含否定性的关键有：否定副词和形容词：hardly, rarely, little, seldom, few, never 等。 否定代词和连词：nothing, nobody, neither, nor,
46、 none 等。 否定前缀和否定后缀：im-, un-, dis-, non-, -less 等。 表否定意义的其他词：fail, miss, avoid, deny, refuse, doubt, far from, anything but, instead of, rather than 等。外语教育网版权所有 以上的句型也没必要死记硬背，有了扎实的语言基本功，就不难理解这些句型的意思了。另外，多做真题，这些句型会反复出现，见识地多了，自然也就熟悉了。 2005-6-18 1.W: Simon, oh, well, could you return the tools I lent y
47、ou for building the bookshelf last month? M: Oh, I hate to tell you this, but I cant seem to find them. Q: What do we learn from the conversation? A) The man hates to lend his tools to other people. B) The man hasnt finished working on the bookshelf. C) The tools have already been returned to the wo
48、man. D) The tools the man borrowed from the woman are missing. 在第一个题里面，当我们在阅读选项有 A、B、C、D 有工具发生在男士和女士，我们主要听到第二个人所说的话，在第二个人所说的话中间有一个 but，答案就在它的后面。“但是找不到了 “。 2.W: I found an expensive diamond ring in the restroom this morning. M: If I were you, I would turn it in to the security office. It is behind th
49、e administration building. Q: What does the man suggest the woman do? A) Give the ring to a policeman. B) Wait for the owner of the ring in the rest room. C) Hand in the ring to the security office. D) Take the ring to the administration building. 在第二题里面，所考察的重点是一个虚拟语气，虚拟语气在四级考试中是一个考点，只要把听到的句子反过来就是正确答案。如果我是你我就把你交给 Security Office，答案要选择把戒指交还给 Security Office，至于行政大楼是属于干扰信息。 3.W: I am going to Marthas house. I have a paper to complete. And I need to use her computer.
