1、俄羅斯打造東歐最大製片廠工商時報【吳慧珍】俄羅斯電影業雖擁有百年光榮歷史，但隨 20 多年前蘇聯瓦解而逐漸沒落。有鑑於此，有業者斥資興建大型片廠，引進好萊塢先進技術以振興俄國影業。俄羅斯製片商葛拉夫基諾（Glavkino）不惜重金，至少砸下 8,900 萬美元在莫斯科近郊打造東歐最大製片廠，甚至還引進時下最夯的 3D 設備，盼能號召好萊塢大咖導演或片商前來拍片，藉此汲取他們的經驗技術，恢復俄國百年製片歷史的榮光。葛拉夫基諾之所以興起蓋現代旗艦製片廠的念頭，是想吸引全球重量級電影業者來此拍片及後製，使技術上落後一大截的俄羅斯影業有師法學習的機會，進而促進當地電影工業現代化。42 歲葛拉夫基諾集團
2、總監巴赫林（ Ilya Bachurin）表示，要讓俄羅斯製片業重新在國際上打響名號，勢必得掌握當代電影科技及發掘最新拍片技術， 如果我們未能奠定現代主題式電影製作的技術基礎，就會錯過幫助俄羅斯電影業重生的機會 。俄重金支持本土影業葛拉夫基諾重振俄國電影工業的目標，與總統普丁推動本土電影發展的雄心不謀而合，普丁下令撥出約 1.3 億美元聯邦預算來支持俄羅斯影業。光是首都莫斯科就有超過 1,100 萬人口，全俄人口則有 1.43 億，電影內需市場的潛力不容小覷。據調研機構 Movie Research 所示，俄羅斯的外國電影票房，尤其是美國片，有持續攀升之勢，反觀原本就產量不多的本土電影，觀眾卻
3、一再流失。巴赫林將土洋電影的品質和票房出現巨大落差，歸咎於俄國欠缺高水準的現代製片設施。今年 2 月時任總統的總理麥德維夫，就替這座耗時 10 年籌備、號稱東歐最大的製片廠舉行開幕儀式，但近來媒體去參觀時，片廠依然是塵土飛揚的施工狀態，還能聞到油漆味。片廠有廣達 3,108 平方公尺的大型音場，以及獲賣座鉅片阿凡達導演詹姆斯卡麥隆認可的 3D 製片設備。該片廠仿效好萊塢，在屋頂架起醒目的招牌字樣，連飛機上的乘客都看得到，葛拉夫基諾還在官網上老王賣瓜，誇讚自家片廠與歐美一流片廠相比毫不遜色。葛拉夫基諾片場的處女作8 月 8 日（August 8） ，正是以 2008 年震驚全球的俄羅斯喬治亞戰事
4、為藍本，該片 9 成資金來自克里姆林宮。除拍攝電影外，這座俄國最先進的製片廠也供製作電視節目，葛拉夫基諾計畫今年年底前出產 50 個電視節目和 10 部電影，並將明年的產量提高 1 倍。雖然總統普丁展現扶植本土電影的企圖，俄羅斯影業依然存在不少發展障礙，包括政府未提供片商減稅優惠，影視器材報關手續繁瑣嚴苛，海外電影專業人才申請來俄簽證和工作許可不易等等。俄裔美籍導演金茲柏格（Viktor Ginzburg）打算在祖國這座首屈一指的新片廠拍攝新片，他下部作品係改編自俄國作家佩列文（Viktor Pelevin）的小說Empire V。新片廠欠缺電影文化金茲柏格參觀葛拉夫基諾片廠後，對先進新穎的設
5、備大為讚嘆，但也不諱言指出，該座高科技片廠欠缺電影文化 。他說：你需要投影設計師、藝術指導、佈景師和技師。遺憾的是，俄國電影業目前的問題正是少了這些要角。 製片廠第二階段更新將提升包含攝影棚、劇服工廠等設備，達到五星級等級。將耗資將近 1.2 億美元，預計在 2013 年完工。新片廠欠缺電影文化Russia courts Hollywood with vast new studiosMOSCOW: A Russian company has spent $89 million building Eastern Europes largest production facilities in a
6、 field outside Moscow and hopes to lure Hollywood majors to shoot and produce movies.The idea is to create a modern flagship studio that will make Russia a competitively priced destination for film projects and in turn modernize the local industry.“It is one of the targets for us to invite internati
7、onal projects to get their experience, to get their technologies,” general-director of the Glavkino group, Ilya Bachurin, told AFP.Opened by President Dmitry Medvedev in February, on a recent tour the Glavkino studios were still dusty from the construction process and smelled of paint.Bachurin, 42,
8、a former impresario and television executive, led the way through the studios to show off echoing sound stages and hi-tech 3D equipment.The largest sound stage measures 3,108 square meters (33,4340 square feet), a space so large that it swallowed up a bus parked in the corner.“Its the biggest in eas
9、tern Europe,” Bachurin said.The studios have a Hollywood-style sign on the roof visible from passing planes. Their website boasts they are “equivalent to the best studios of America and Europe”.So far one feature film has been completed at Glavkino: “August 8,” a strongly pro-Russian drama based on
10、the 2008 Russia-Georgia war that was 90 percent funded by the Kremlin.It aims to attract major global players to do studio shoots and post-production there and pass on their expertise to Russias technically lagging film industry.“In fact we do not need their money its not our major goal,” said Bachu
11、rin.“We need to attract their experience and their specialists: Those who can make the studio a part of the big international filmmaking industry.” In June Glavkino gave British art-house director Peter Greenaway a voucher worth 30,000 euros ($37,000) to spend on post-production for a planned remake
12、 of “Death in Venice.” Greenaway told Hollywood Reporter he was considering Saint Petersburg as a location.Without giving details, Bachurin said that Glavkino was planning to submit quotes for several big international projects.We do not feel competition with Mosfilm One problem is that Russia offer
13、s no tax breaks for filmmakers. Add in a mass of headaches from tough rules on customs to visas and work permits.“We are going to make special proposals, make prices lower,” said Bachurin.“This is a pragmatic business. If it is convenient and profitable, people will be ready to do the maths. ”Viktor
14、 Ginzburg, a Russian-born film director based in the United States was visiting the studios with a view to making his next film there an adaptation of Viktor Pelevins novel “Empire V”.He said he was impressed by the facilities.“It seems terrific. They should dust it, though,” he added. Yet he said t
15、he hi-tech studios still lacked something: “film culture”.“You need projection designers, art directors, set decorators, craftsmen,” he said.“Unfortunately there is a real problem in the Russian film industry right now with these key positions. ”That is a hangover from the 1990s when the film indust
16、ry almost dried up and professions skipped an entire generation.While Glavkino is brand-new, it reeks of money and connections.Its name uses Soviet-speak abbreviations: “glav” or main and “kino” meaning cinema or film, to suggest the historic roots it lacks.One co-founder with Bachurin is actor and
17、director Fyodor Bondarchuk, 45, who made hit films including “The 9th Company.” His father Sergei Bondarchuk directed the Oscar-winning “War and Peace.” Another co-owner is Konstantin Ernst, the director-general of state-controlled Channel One television, which also has a major film-making division.
18、The three men together with UralSib bank own 50 percent, while the other 50 percent belongs to private investor Vitaly Golovachev, according to Glavkinos website.The studio was built after the owners raised a massive loan from VTB bank.Glavkino could hardly be more different from what is still Russi
19、as main film studio, Mosfilm, a maze of buildings dating from the 1930s in a busy urban area hemmed in by construction.“We do not feel it will be competition with Mosfilm, because the market for technical services is not filled, even now as we finish the Glavkino studios,” Bachurin said.Currently Gl
20、avkino is mainly being used to make television shows, while the plan is for the proportion to change to half-and-half.A second stage upgrading the studios with equipment and everything from costume workshops to a five-star hotel will cost a further $120 million and is expected to be finished by the end of 2013.
