1、12010 学年度第 一 学期班数控专业外语课程期 末 考试试卷 B 卷题 型 一 二 三 四 五 六分 值 20 30 50 总 分得 分阅卷人一、专业短语连线填空:(每小题 0.5 分,共 20 分)( )1.Vertical mill machine 1.立式铣床( )2.Right-hand Rule 2. 右手法则( )3.ATC automatic tool changer 3. 自动换刀装置( )4.turning center 4. 车削中心( )5.wire EDM/ wire electrical discharge machine 5. 线切割电火花加工机床( )6.ax
2、is framework 6.坐标系( )7.reference point 7.基准点( )8.positioning mode 8.定位模式( )9.contouring control 9. 轮廓控制( )10.closed loop system 10. 闭环系统( )11.ball-nut lead screw ballscrew 11.滚珠丝杠( )12.Point-to-Point control 12.点位控制( )13.manual programming 13.手工编程( )14.NC personnel 14.数控技术员( )15.tooling system 15.刀具
3、系统2( )16.end mill 16. 端铣刀( )17.drilling machine 17.钻床( )18.tap 18.丝锥( )19.reamer 19. 绞刀( )20.taper shank 20.锥柄( )21.fixed cycle 21. 固定循环( )22.variable type programming 22. 变量编程( )23.tool path 23. 刀具路径( )24.CNC programming 24. 数控编程( )25.holding mechanism 25.夹紧机构( )26.tool changer arm 26.换刀机械手( )27.bo
4、ring tool 27.镗刀( )28.work piece 28.工件( )29.pallet 29.托盘( )30.indexing head 30.分度头( )31.rotary movement 31.旋转运动( )32.spindle 32.主轴( )33.feed rate 33.进给率( )34.AC servo 34.交流伺服系统( )35.machine table 35.工作台( )36.saddle 36.床鞍( )37.tolerance 37.公差( )38.repeatability 38.重复定位精度3( )39.counterboring 39.锪孔( )40
5、.reference plane 40.参考平面( )41.tool length offset 刀具长度偏置( )42.zero preset 零点预置( )43.tool code 刀具代码( )44.PRZ /Program Reference Zero 程序参考零点( )45.chuck 卡盘( )46.tool radius compensation 刀具半径补偿( )47.tool nose radius compensation 刀尖圆弧半径补偿( )48.milling cutter 铣刀( )49.finish 精加工( )50.rough 粗加工( )51.CAD Comp
6、uter-Aided Drafting 计算机辅助设计( )52.CAM Computer-Aided Manufacturing 计算机辅助制造( )53.NC code 数控代码( )54.post-process 后置处理( )55.3-D solid models 三维实体模型( )56.conversational program 会话式程序( )57.CIM Computer-integrated Manufacturing 计算机集成制造( )58.DNC Direct Numerical Control 计算机直接数控( )59.postproduction 后处理( )60.
7、GT group technology 成组技术( )61.JIT just-in-time 准时制造( )62.FMS Flexible Manufacturing System 柔性制造系统( )63.raw stock 毛坯件4( )64.casting 铸件( )65.band-saw 带锯( )66.erosion 腐蚀( )67.distortion 变形( )68.reset 重置( )69.lead-in 导入( )70. lead-out 导出( )71.draft 草图( )72. three-dimensional space 三维空间( )73.simultaneous
8、 five-axis machining 五轴联动加工( )74. surface machining 曲面加工( )75. three-axis machining with fourth-axis positioning 四轴定位三轴联动加工二、句子翻译:(每小题 5 分,共 30 分)1、Because no mechanical cutting forces are involved, lasers cut parts with a minimum of distortion, they have been very effective in machining slots and d
9、rilling holes.由于没有机械切削力,所以激光加工的工件变形非常小,激光切割机对加工窄槽和钻孔非常有效。2、There are two kinds of single machine axis movement. Machine axis motion is either in a straight line (linear movement) or in a circle (rotary movement). Each depends upon an axis for reference.机床轴运动分为两种单一的类型,要么是直线(线性运动)要么是圆周运动(旋转运动) 。每种运动都要
10、以轴为基准。3、Programs use coordinates to identify specific locations on the part or tooling. A 5coordinate is a combination of a letter and numbers. The letter is the axis being used for reference. The numbers are the distance. 程序用坐标来确定工件或刀具上特定的位置。坐标是字母和数字的组合,其中字母代表作为基准的轴,数字代表距离。 4、Upon receiving a signa
11、l they move the table and/or spindle a fixed amount. The motor controller sends signals back indicating the motors have completed the motion. The feedback, however, is not used to check how close the actual machine movement comes to the exact movement programmed. 每接收到一个信号它们就会驱动工作台和主轴移动一个固定的量。电机控制器反馈
12、信号表示电机已经完成了指定的运动。但是,该反馈并不用于检测机床的实际运动与程序要求的精确运动的接近程度。5、Mathematical ability is a must for NC personnel. Competent manual part programming is impossible without a fairly well-developed mathematical ability and a sound understanding of geometric construction. 数学能力是一个数控技术员所必须具备的能力。没有相当好的数学能力和对几何构造充分的理解,
13、要想胜任手工编程是不可能的。6、The machining center, a multifunction machine tool, uses a wide variety of cutting tools such as drills, taps, reamers, end mills, boring tools, etc., to perform various machining operations on a work piece. 加工中心是一种多功能机床,可用钻头、丝锥、铰刀、端铣刀、镗刀等各种刀具6对工件进行多种加工。 7、Tool radius compensation is
14、 the act of accommodating for the cutting tool radius in order to produce the work piece of the correct geometry.刀具半径补偿是一种调节刀具半径的行为,其目的是使加工出来的工件具有正确的几何形状。8、The fundamental concept of CAD/CAM is that we can use a Computer-Aided Drafting (CAD) system to draw the geometry of a workpiece on a computer.
15、Once the geometry is completed, then we can use a Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) system to generate an NC toolpath based on the CAD geometry.CAD/CAM 最基础的概念是,可以用计算机辅助设计系统在计算机上画出工件的几何形状,然后就可以利用计算机辅助制造系统根据 CAD 的几何形状,生成数控机床的刀具轨迹。9、FMS is capable of round-the-clock production with little, if any, was
16、ted time and less human intervention. FMS 能够进行连续不断的生产,很少有浪费时间和人工干预的情况。10、The way in which a range of cutting tools can be located and securely held in position is referred to as a tooling system and is usually an important feature of the machine tool manufacturers advertising literature.定位一组加工刀具并安全夹
17、持在其位置上的方法称作刀具系统,它是机床厂商的广告上的一大卖点。11、Programmed data can be transferred to the CNC machine via a cable, using an inexpensive desktop or a laptop computer.当在低廉的台式机或笔记本电脑上编写程序时,可以通过电缆把程序数据传送到CNC 机床上。12、Since each tool has a different length, the Z axis offset is entered as a positive or 7negative adjust
18、ment. Thus, each can be programmed as though they had the same length as Too #1.因为每把刀具都有不同的长度,所有 Z 向偏置量要做正向或负向的调整。这样,编程的时候就可以认为他们的长度都和#1 刀具一样。13、The preparatory commands G02 and G03 are the key words used in programming to establish circular interpolation mode. The coordinate words following the G02
19、 or G03 command are always designated within a selected plane.用准备功能指令 G02 和 G03 在程序中建立直线插补,G02 或 G03 后的坐标要在选择平面内指定。14、In an effort to generate an accurate rotor blade for a helicopter, they experimented with complicated tables of coordinates and manual machinas.为了精确制造出一架直升飞机的叶片,他们用具有复杂的多坐标的工作台与普通机床进
20、行试验。三、短文翻译:(每小题 10 分,共 50 分)1、 Programming hole operationThe simplest operations to program are those related to producing holes. These include drilling, boring, tapping and counterboring. The simplicity of programming lies in the fact that the programmer only needs to specify the coordinates of a h
21、ole center and the type of machine motions to be performed at the center. A fixed cycle, if used properly, takes over and causes the machine to execute the required movements. The controller stores a number of fixed cycles that can be recalled for use in programs when needed. This reduces the progra
22、mming time and the length of tape required.A fixed cycle is programmed by entering in one block of information: the X and Y coordinates, the Z-axis reference plane (R), and the final Z-axis depth.To perform the same operations in the next block, the programmer need only enter 8the X and Y coordinate
23、s of the next hole center. In order to make it easier for you to understand the meaning of fixed cycle, lets see the G81 cycle in Figure 9-1.A G81 cycle causes the machine to:(1) Rapid the tool from the Zinitial position to the Rplane,(2) Drill the hole to a depth Zn at feedrate Fn,(3) Rapid back to
24、 either the Rplane or Zinitial position,(4) Rapid to the center of the next hole if the Xn Yn coordinates of that hole are programmed in the next block.Programming linear profilesLinear profiling involves cutting contours composed of straight lines only. The lines may be horizontal, vertical, or at
25、any angle. In we will use linear interpolation. Linear interpolation is used in part programming to make a straight cutting motion from the start position of the cut to its end position. linear interpolation mode is designed for actual material removal, such as contouring, pocketing, face milling an
26、d many other cutting motions.Three types of motion can be generated in the linear interpolation mode:Horizontal motion single axis onlyVertical motion single axis onlyAngular motion multiple axes Lets see the linear profile milling through Figure 9-2.G01 specifies the linear interpolation mode. The
27、tool is moved at the programmed feed rate along a straight line.Zn n specifies the absolute depth of the cut.Fn n specifies the feed rate of the tool into the material and along each subsequent straight line programmed. If not entered, the system will use the last feed rate 9programmed.X1Y1 Specify
28、the absolute coordinates of the cutter center at the end of line 1 cut, line 2 cut, and so on.X2Y2 Fig. 9-1 G81 cycle G81 循环Figure 9-2 Linear Profile Milling直线轮廓铣削9.1 孔加工编程10与孔加工有关的程序编制是编程中最简单的,其中包括钻孔、镗孔、攻丝和锪孔。编程之所以简单,是因为程序员只需确定孔中心的坐标以及机床在该处的运动类型即可。如果使用得当的话,固定循环可以接管并指导机床完成所需运动。控制器中储存了许多固定循环,需要时,这些固定
29、循环可以被程序调用,这样能节省编程时间及所需磁带长度。固定循环是由一个程序段内的下列信息构成的:X 和 Y 坐标,Z 向参考平面和Z 向最终深度。当在下一程序段执行相同的操作时,编程者只需要输入下一个孔的中心位置的 X 和 Y 坐标值。为了让读者更容易理解固定循环的含义,我们一起来看图 9-1的 G81 循环。G81 循环命令机床:(1)把刀具从 Z 的初始位置快速移动到参考平面;(2)以 Fn 为进给率,钻孔深度 Zn;(3)快速返回到 Z 轴初始位置或 Z 轴参考平面 R,(4) 如果在下一程序段中给出下一中心孔的坐标 XnYn,,则快速移动到该孔中心。9.2 直线轮廓编程直线轮廓加工指加
30、工的轮廓完全由直线组成,这些直线可以是水平的、垂直的或任意角度的。在这个过程中将会用到直线插补。在零件编程中直线插补用来使刀具产生沿起点到终点的直线运动。此模式专门用于实际的材料切除,比如加工轮廓、凹槽、铣端面以及许多其他的加工运动。在线性插补模式下可产生三种运动模式:水平运动 单轴垂直运动 单轴角度运动 多轴让我们通过图 9-2 看一下直线轮廓铣削。G01 指定直线插补模式。刀具以程序要求的进给速率沿直线运动;Zn n 指定切削的绝对深度;Fn n 指定刀具进入材料的进给速率,程序中后续的直线运动均采用此进给速率。如果没有输入进给速率,系统将使用程序给定的最新进给速率;X1Y1 指定刀心在
31、1、2 等线的终点时的绝对坐标;X2Y2 2、Program PlanningProgrammingManual programming (without a computer) has been the most common method of preparing a part program for many years. The latest CNC controls make manual programming much easier than ever before by using fixed or repetitive machining cycles, 11variable
32、 type programming, graphic tool motion simulation, standard mathematical input and other timesaving features.In manual programming, all calculations are done by hand - with the aid of a pocket calculator - no computer programming is used. Programmed data can be transferred to the CNC machine via a c
33、able, using an inexpensive desktop or a laptop computer. The need for improved efficiency and accuracy in CNC programming has been the major reason for development of a variety of methods that use a computer to prepare part programs. Computer assisted CNC programming has been around for many years.
34、But, successful use of computerized programming requires understanding of manual programming methods.Program sequenceprocess starts with the engineering drawing of the required part. Before the part is machined, several steps have to be considered and carefully evaluated. The more effort is put into
35、 the planning stage of the program, the better results may be expected at the end.Planning of a CNC program is no different than any other planning, it must be approached in a logical and methodical way. The first decisions relate to what tasks have to be done and what goals have to be reached. The
36、other decisions relate to how to achieve the set goals in an efficient and safe manner. Such a progressive method not only isolates individual problems as they develop, it also forces their solution before the next step can he taken.The following items form a fairly common and logical sequence of ta
37、sks done in CNC programming. The items are only in a suggested order, offered for further evaluation. Study of initial information (drawing and methods) Material stock (blank) evaluation Machine tool specifications Control system features Sequence of machining operations Tooling selection and arrang
38、ement of cutting tools Setup of the part Technological data (speeds, feed rates, etc.) Determination of the tool path Working sketches and mathematical calculations Program writing and preparation for transfer to CNC Program testing and debugging Program documentationProgram planning is not an indep
39、endent execution of individual steps it is a very interdependent and very logically coherent approach to achieve a certain goal.127.1 编程多年来手工编程已经成为零件编程方法中的最常用的方法。新型 CNC 控制器可以提供固定循环或重复加工循环、变量编程、刀具运动的图形模拟、标准数学输入以及其他节约时间的特性,这使得手工编程比以前简单了许多。在手工编程时,所有的计算工作都人是用计算器来完成的,没有用到计算机编程。当在低廉的台式机或笔记本电脑上编写程序时,可以通过电缆
40、把程序数据传送到 CNC 机床上。为了提高 CNC 编程的效率和精度,人们开发了多种利用计算机来准备零件程序的方法。计算机辅助编程的方法也已经很广泛了,但是,要想熟练得进行计算机编程需要很好地掌握手工编程的方法。7.2 编程顺序编写任何 CNC 程序都必须从仔细的计划过程开始,这个过程的起点是所需工件的工程图。在零件加工之前我们必须认真地考虑和评估过程中的每一步。在程序的计划阶段付出的努力越多,最后可以期待的结果就越好。给 CNC 编程做计划和做其他计划并没有什么不同,它必须以合乎逻辑的系统的方法进行。首先要确定必须要做的相关工作以及要达到的目的。接着要确定怎样用一种既有效又安全的方式来实现这
41、个目标。这种循序渐进的方法不仅能将工作分离为一个个独立的问题,而且还迫使在进行下一个步骤之前,每一个问题都得到解决。下面的条款是进行 CNC 编程时一个十分常见的复合逻辑的顺序,这只是一个推荐顺序,还需进一步评估。了解初始信息(工程图和方法)材料毛坯评估机床规格确定控制系统特征机床操作顺序工装选择和切削刀具的安排准备零件技术数据(速率,进给率等)刀具路径确定工程图和数学计算程序编写并准备传送到 CNC 中程序测试与调试程序文档编制程序规划并不是某些单个步骤的独立运作过程,它是一个为了达到特定目标,相互依赖、富有逻辑、相互关联的规划方法。3 CAD and CAM13The advent of
42、the computer proved to be a boon to the design engineer in that it simplified the long ,tedious calculations which were often involved in designing a part. Many toolpaths are simply too difficult and expensive to program manually. For these situations, we need the help of a computer to write an NC p
43、art program. In this unit, we will flesh out the essences of the computer-aided processes that are so prevalent in industry. The fundamental concept of CAD/CAM is that we can use a Computer-Aided Drafting (CAD) system to draw the geometry of a workpiece on a computer. Once the geometry is completed,
44、 then we can use a Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) system to generate an NC toolpath based on the CAD geometry.The progression from a CAD drawing all the way to the working NC code is illustrated as follows:Step 1 The geometry is defined in a CAD drawing. Step 2 The model is next imported into th
45、e CAM module. Step 3 The CAM model is then verified to ensure that the toolpaths are correct. If any mistakes are found, it is simple to make changes at this point. Step 4 The final product of CAD/CAM process is the NC code. The NC code is produced by post-processing the model,the code is customized
46、 to accommodate the particular variety of CNC control. The CAD portion of the system is used to create the geometry as a CAD model by one of the following methods: 2-D line drawings, 3-D wireframe models, 3-D surface models, and 3-D solid models.The CAM module is used to create the machining process
47、 model based upon the geometry supplied in the CAD model. The CAM system will generate a generic intermediate code that describes the machining operations, which can later be used to produce G & M code or conversational programs. A CAM system generally contains three major divisions: Manufacturing, Engineering ,Management.CAM increases the productivity and versat