1、不但而且_ 准许进入_ 作为被接受_ 每四年_ 过去常常_ 弄清有关的情况_ 在中比赛，竞争_ 金牌_参加_ 与竞争，比赛_ 进行魔幻旅行_,not onlybut also,be admitted to,be admitted as,every four years/every fourth year,used to do,find out about,compete in,gold medal,take part in / join in /attend/ join,compete with / against,come on a magical journey,也，又_ 事实上_ 算出，
2、理解_ 如此以致于_ 参加赛跑_ 听说_改变主意_ 求助_ 拾起来_ 陆续地_ 一组，一套_ 橄榄枝花环_ 和结婚_,as well as,as a matter of fact / in fact,work out,sothat,run the race,hear of,change ones mind,ask for help,pick up,one after another,a set of,olive wreath,get / be married to,make构成的常用短语： make a sweater make peace make a journey make a sugg
3、estion make a fire make tea make coffee,打（编织）毛衣 谋求和平 去旅行 提个建议 生火沏茶 煮咖啡,make a note make a decision make no answer make ones choice make an experiment make progress make money make a promise,做个标记 作出决定 每做回答 作选择 做试验 取得进步 挣钱 许诺,make fun of make use of make a living make up ones mind make no difference m
4、ake a face make an apology to,开玩笑 利用 谋生 决心 没有关系 扮鬼脸 向某人道歉,rise: Vi. “上升，上涨” ，无被动语态Rise rose risen rising. ( 不规则动词）Prices have risen rapidly.The sun rises in the east.raise: Vt. “举起，升起” ，有被动语态，规则动词If you have some questions, please raise your hand.raise a family养活一个家庭 raise cattle饲养牲畜,turn round : 转过
5、去，围绕旋转The earth turns around the sun. turn on /off 打开/关掉 turn up/ down 开大/减弱 turn to 向求助 turn against 反对 turn out 关闭，生产 turn over 翻转，考虑 turn away 解雇 turn back 折回,定语从句,在定语从句中,which和that在指代事物时, 一般可互换,但在下列情况下通常只用that而不用which,1. 当先行词是不定代词all, everything, anything, nothing, much, few, little, none, the o
6、ne等时 2. 先行词被all, any, every, few, little, no, some修饰时 3. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级或the only, the very, the last, the same修饰时 4. 先行词既有人又有物,5. 当被修饰的成分是系动词be后面的表语或关系词本身是从句的表语时,6. 当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时,主句以 There be 结构开头时 8. 当先行词是基数词时 9. 当主句是以what 开头的疑问句是时,指代事物时,在下列情况下，通常只用which而不是that,在非限制性定语从句中 2. 当关系代词前有介词时 3.
7、 当先行词本身是that (those) 4. 当关系代词后面带有插入语时 Here is the English grammar book which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.,关系代词指人时,在下列情况下只用who, 而不用that,先行词是one, ones, anyone时 2. 当先行词为those 或被those修饰时 3. 在以There be 开头的句子中 4. 当先行词有较长的后置定语时,5. 当一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词是that, 另一个要用who 以免重复 6. 在非限制性
8、定语从句中,whose 在从句中做定语，其先行词可以是人，也可以是物。 (=the of which of which the),as, which引导的非限制性定语从句,从句放在句首， 要用as而不是which 2. as 含有“正如”之意，而which没有此含义 3. 在the sameas与suchas中，which不能代替as This is the same book as you bought yesterday. This is the same book that you bought yesterday.,是同类而不是同一本书,同一本书,the way 做先行词时，先看后面的定语从句中是否缺少主语或宾语 缺少主语或宾语：引导词用that/which/不填(缺宾语时) 主语宾语都不缺,缺状语：引导词用that/in which/不填,如果定语从句分别修饰point, situation, part, condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况下”。,
