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类型英美概况Week2.ppt

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    英美概况Week2.ppt
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    1、Europe: Ancient Greece, Roman Empire, Christianity,Brief History of Western Culture,Western culture, sometimes equated with Western civilization or European civilization, is used very broadly to refer to a heritage of social norms, ethical values, traditional customs, religious beliefs, political sy

    2、stems, and specific artifacts and technologies.The term has come to apply to countries whose history is strongly marked by European immigration or settlement (such as the Americas and Australasia), and is not restricted to Western Europe.,Western Culture,Ancient Greece 776 BC 148 BCRoman Empire 44 B

    3、C 476 ADChristianity (Byzantine Era) 476 AD 1453 AD,Where did Western Culture come from?,(Dates are approximate exact years will not be on the exam.),Often given credit for first origins of Western culture, as seen in:Political System Education System Philosophy Science The Arts Literature,ANCIENT G

    4、REECE,What is democracy? All citizens share in political power, regardless of statusAround 500 BC, two rulers of Greek cities were fighting for power. The ruler of Athens needed the support of his people, so he suggested that everyone share in political power. The citizens were so enthusiastic that

    5、they easily fought off the other rulers invasion. This new system led to a “golden age” for Athens.,Political System Democracy,Alexander the Great,Took the Greek Empire from this,to this!,Greek culture - heavy emphasis on education Reading, writing, literature, singing, playing a musical instrument

    6、(such as the lyre or flute), and were athletic training for military service. Boys studied not for a job, but to become an effective citizen. Girls also learned to read, write and do simple arithmetic so they could manage the household. Ancient Greek philosophy focused on the role of reason and inqu

    7、iry. Reason: the capacity human beings have to make sense of things, to establish and verify facts, and to change or justify practices, institutions, and beliefs. Inquiry: any process that has the aim of increasing knowledge, resolving doubt, or solving a problem.,Greek Philosophy,Language Common (“

    8、international”) language Politics Independent city-states and democracy, not based on tribe or ethnicity Educational systems Designed for effective citizens rather than career-oriented Philosophy Reason and inquiry, logical thought Science Astronomy, Mathematics The Arts Sculpture, Architecture Medi

    9、cine Hippocrates, Profession,Legacy of Ancient Greece,Even the White House mimics a Greek temple.,In 27 BC, Greece became a key Eastern province for the Roman Empire.“Although Rome, like Greece, was no longer democratic, the idea of democracy remained a part of the education of citizens, as if the e

    10、mperors were a temporary emergency measure.”,ROMAN EMPIRE,Roman Territory,“The enduring Roman influence is reflected pervasively in contemporary language, literature, legal codes, government, architecture, engineering, medicine, sports, arts, etc. Much of it is so deeply imbedded that we barely noti

    11、ce our debt to ancient Rome. Consider language, for example. Fewer and fewer people today claim to know Latin and yet, go back to the first sentence in this paragraph. If we removed all the words drawn directly from Latin, that sentence would read; The.”,Roman Influence on Language,Latin was the lan

    12、guage of the Roman Empire. Though it is no longer a common language, it is the root of the five common “Romance” languages: French Italian Spanish Portuguese Romanian,Language - Latin,Places in the world where these languages are now spoken.,Language Roman Alphabet,Calendar (including Leap Years) Ne

    13、twork of Roads Political System Republic (President modeled as Augustan leader) Tax Collection Law/Legal Codes Architecture Language Sports,Roman Legacy,Also known as the Eastern Roman Empire The Roman Empire was divided in 395 AD The Eastern portion included must of Ancient Greece The Christian fai

    14、th was spreading among the people. Roman Emperor Constantine did not make it the official religion, but (unlike previous emperors who killed Christians) supported it and created councils. These councils eventually led to the “institutionalization” of Christianity, leading it to become the official r

    15、eligion of the Byzantine Empire.,CHRISTIANITY BYZANTINE EMPIRE,Scientific Developments Spurred by desire to learn more about Creator Advances in Medicine Hospitals Art Literature Poetry History Humanitarian Work Morals/Ethics,Legacy of Christianity,Read pp. 31-36 “Government” (England)Read pp. 132-143 “Government” (US),HOMEWORK,

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