1、2015 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(浙江卷)选择题部分(共 80 分)第一部分 英语知识运用(共两 节，满分 30 分)第一节 单项填空(共 20 小 题；每小题 0.5 分，满分 10 分)从 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1Hi，John.Are you busy?_AYes.I do agree.BYes.That would be nice.CNo.Are you sure?DNo.Whats up?答案 D解析 考查交际用语。句意为 ：你好， 约翰。你忙吗？不忙，有什么事吗？No.Whats up？不，怎么了，有什么事 吗，符合语境。Yes.I
2、do agree.是的，我的确同意；Yes.That would be nice.是的，那太好了；No.Are you sure？不，你确定吗？2Jane s grandmother had wanted to write _ childrens book for many years，but one thing or another always got in _ way.Aa；/ B the；the C /；the Da；the答案 D解析 考查冠词。句意为：简的奶奶多年来一直想写一本儿童书籍，但 总有这样那样的事情阻碍她不能实现。第一空表泛指，故用不定冠词 a；第二空 为固定表达 in
3、the way 妨碍，阻碍。3Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes _ animals both on land and sea?Aabout Bto Cwith Dover答案 B解析 本题考查固定搭配。句意 为：你听说过是海陆两栖动 物栖息地的树吗？be home to 为固定搭配，意为“是的栖息地，是的家园” 。4It was so noisy that we _ hear ourselves speak.Acouldnt Bshouldn tCmustnt Dneednt答案 A解析 考查情态动词辨析。句意 为：太吵闹了，我 们
4、连自己 说的话都听不到。couldnt 表示“不能” ，符合语境。5Studies have shown that the right and left ear _ sound differently.Aproduce BpronounceCprocess Ddownload答案 C解析 考查动词辨析。句意为 ：研究表明左右耳处理声音的方式不同。process 加工，处理，符合语境。produce 生产，制作，创作；pronounce 发音；download 下载。6If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate _ is below
5、 the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.Awhat BwhoCthat Dwhoever答案 A解析 考查宾语从句的引导词。句意 为：如果你在河里或湖里游泳的 话， 务必调查清楚水面之下有什么。水中经常隐藏着石 头或树枝。分析句子 结构可知，此处 investigate 后接了宾语从句，从句缺少主语，故用 what 引导。 who 与 whoever 都可以作主语，但是不符合句意；that在名词性从句中仅仅起连接作用，不作句子成分。7Body language can _ a lot ab
6、out your mood，so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.Atake away Bthrow awayCput away Dgive away答案 D解析 考查动词短语辨析。句意 为：身势语能够清楚地泄露出你的情 绪，因此双臂交叉站着则表示你正在防御。give away 泄露，符合 语境。take away 拿开，拿走；throw away 扔掉；put away 收起来，放好，储存。8Albert Einstein was born in 1879.As
7、 a child，few people guessed that he _ a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.Ahas been Bhad beenCwas going to be Dwas答案 C解析 考查动词时态。句意为 ：阿尔伯特爱因斯坦生于 1879 年。孩提时，很少有人会猜想到他能成为其理论会改变世界的著名科学家。由 语境可知，此处指在爱因斯坦小时候人们所猜想的，表示“从过去看将来” ，要用过去将来时态，用 would/should do，was/were to do 或者was/were going t
8、o do 表示，故 C 项正确。9_ a single word can change the meaning of a sentence，a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.AJust as BEven thoughCUntil DUnless答案 A解析 句意为：正如一个单词可以改变一句话的意思一样，一个句子也可以改变一段话的意思。just as 正如，正像，符合语境。 even though 尽管；until 直到；unless 除非，如果不。10Most people work because its unav
9、oidable._，there are some people who actually enjoy work.AAs a result BIn additionCBy contrast DIn conclusion答案 C解析 考查介词短语辨析。句意 为：大多数人工作是因为无法避免，_也有一些人确实喜欢工作。根据语境可知，此处表示前后对比。by contrast 相比之下，符合语境。as a result结果；in addition 另外，此外；in conclusion 总之。11We tend to have a better memory for things that excite
10、our senses or _ our emotions than for straight facts.Ablock off Bappeal toCsubscribe to Dcome across答案 B解析 考查短语意义辨析。句意 为：相对于直白的事实，我们对于激发自己感觉或唤起自己情感的事物，记忆往往更加深刻。appeal to 意为“对有吸引力” ，符合句意。block off 封闭，封锁；subscribe to 同意，赞 同，支持； come across 偶遇。12How would you like _ if you were watching your favorite T
11、V program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?Athem BoneCthose Dit答案 D解析 考查代词辨析。句意为 ：如果你正在看最喜爱的电视节 目， 这时有人进来没有征求你的意见就把电视关了，你会怎么想？固定表达 how would you like it if.，在此结构中 it 代替后面 if 从句的内容。13Most of us，if we know even a little about where our food comes from，understand t
12、hat every bite put into our mouths was _ alive.Asteadily BinstantlyCformerly Dpermanently答案 C解析 考查副词辨析。句意为 ：我们大多数人，如果 对食物来源多少知道一点点的 话，就会明白我们嘴里的每一口食物从前都是有生命的。formerly 以前，从前，符合 语境。steadily 稳固地，坚定地，不动摇地；instantly 立刻， 马上；permanently 永久地，长期不变地。14Listening is thus an active，not a _，behavior consisting of
13、hearing，understanding and remembering.Aconsiderate BsensitiveCreliable Dpassive答案 D解析 考查形容词辨析。句意 为：聆听是一种积极的行为，而不是被动的接受，它涉及听、理解和记忆。passive 被动的，消极的，与前面的 active 对应。considerate 体贴的，体谅的；sensitive 易受伤 害的，易受影响的，敏感的；reliable 可靠的，可信赖的。15One of the most effective ways to reduce _ is to talk about feelings wit
14、h someone you trust.Aproduction BstressCenergy Dpower答案 B解析 考查名词辨析。句意为 ：减少压力最有效的方法之一就是与你信任的人 谈谈你的感受。stress 压力，紧张，符合语境。production 生产，制作， 产品；energy 精力，活力，干劲；power 权力，势力，影响力。16If steel is heavier than water，why are ships able to _ on the sea?Afloat B drown Cshrink Dsplit答案 A解析 考查动词辨析。句意为 ：如果钢铁比水重的话，那 为
15、 什么轮船能够浮在海面上？float漂浮，符合语境。drown 淹没，(使) 溺死；shrink(使)收缩，(使)缩小；split (使)裂开，(使)破裂。17These comments came _ specific questions often asked by local newsmen.Ain memory of Bin response toCin touch with Din possession of答案 B解析 考查介词短语辨析。句意 为：这些评论是对当地记者 经常询问的具体问题的回应。 in response to 作为对的回答，作为对的反应，符合语境。in memory
16、 of 为了纪念；in touch with 与 有联系；in possession of 拥有，持有。18Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it _ live is quite another.Aperform BperformingCto perform Dbeing performed答案 D解析 考查非谓语动词。句意 为：在家听音乐是一回事，去现场听正在被演奏的音乐完全是另外一回事。题干中含有“hear宾语宾语补足语”结 构，宾语 it(指代 music)与 perform之间存在被动关系，且此处表示去 现场听正
17、在被演奏的音 乐，故 应用 being performed 作宾语补足语。19Creating an atmosphere _ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.Aas BwhoseCin which Dat which答案 C解析 考查定语从句引导词的选择。句意 为：创造让雇员感受到自己是 团队一部分的氛围是一个巨大的挑战。分析句子结 构可知， _ employees feel part of a team 是一个定语从句，从句中缺少状语，故用 where 或“介词which”引导 ，根据与先行词 an atmosphere 的
18、搭配可判断介词用 in，故选 C 项。20Why dont you consider a trip to，say，Beijing or Hangzhou?_.AI wouldnt mind thatBThen well get there quicklyCLets call it a dayDIts not a requirement答案 A解析 考查情景交际。句意为 ：你为什么不考虑去旅游呢？比方 说去北京或杭州。 _ I wouldnt mind that 我很想那样做；Then well get there quickly 那么我们就能很快到那里了；Lets call it a day
19、今天我们就到此为止；Its not a requirement 这不是必须要做的事。分析语境可知，此处是回答对方提出的建议，只有 A 项符合。第二节 完形填空(共 20 小题 ；每小题 1 分，满分 20 分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从 2140 各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中，选出最佳选项。Since finishing my studies at Harvard and Oxford，I ve watched one friend after another land highranking，highpaying Wall Street jobs.As executive
20、s (高级管理人员) with banks， consulting firms，established law firms，and major corporations，many are now _21_ on their way to impressive careers.By societys _22_，they seem to have it made.On the surface，these people seem to be very lucky in life.As they left student life behind，many had a _23_ drink at the
21、ir cheap but friendly local bar，shook hands with longtime roommates，and _24_ out of small apartments into high buildings.They made reservations at restaurants where the cost of a bottle of wine _25_ a college years monthly rent.They replaced their beloved old cars with expensive new sports cars.The
22、thing is，a number of them have _26_ that despite their success，they arent happy.Some _27_ of unfriendly coworkers and feel sad for eighthour workweeks devoted to tasks they _28_.Some do not respect the companies they work for and talk of feeling tired and _29_.However，instead of devoting themselves
23、to their work，they find themselves working to support the _30_ to which they have so quickly become _31_.People often speak of trying a more satisfying path，and _32_ in the end the idea of leaving their jobs to work for something they _33_ or finding a position that would give them more time with th
24、eir families almost always leads them to the same conclusion：its _34_.They have loans，bills ，a mortgage(抵押贷款) to _35_，retirement to save for.They recognize theres something _36_ in their lives，but it s _37_ to step off the track.In a society that tends to _38_ everything in terms of dollars and cent
25、s，we learn from a young age to consider the costs of our _39_ in financial terms.But what about the personal and social costs _40_ in pursuing money over meaning？These are exactly the kinds of costs many of us tend to ignoreand the very ones we need to consider most.21A.much BneverCseldom Dwell答案 D解
26、析 上文提到作者的很多朋友已经成为“银行、咨 询公司、法律事务所以及大公司等的高级管理人员” ，此处选择 D 项表示“现在很多人在通往骄人的职业之路上表现得非常出色” ，well 是“表现出色地，很好地”之意，符合 语境。 much 非常，很；never 从不；seldom 很少。22A.policies Bstandards Cexperiments Dregulations答案 B解析 根据空格前面的介词 by 及上下文语境可推知，此 处 表示“按照标准” ，故 选择 B项，意为“标准” 。policy 政策； experiment 实验；regulation 规则，规章。23A.last
27、 BleastCsecond Dbest答案 A解析 根据前面的“As they left student life behind.”可知，当他们离开学校时，很多人去便宜且友好的当地酒吧喝最后一次酒。24A.cycled BmovedCslid Dlooked答案 B解析 离开狭小的学生公寓进入高楼大厦中。 move out of 搬离，符合语境。25A.shared BpaidCequaled Dcollected答案 C解析 在饭店里一瓶酒的价格相当于大学一个月的租金。 equal 与相等或相同，符合语境。26A.advertised Bwitnessed Cadmitted Ddeman
28、ded答案 C解析 实际情况是，他们中的很多人承 认尽管他们很成功，但并不快乐。admit 承认，符合语境。advertise 做广告；witness 目击；demand 要求。27A.complain BdreamChear Dapprove答案 A解析 根据后面的 unfriendly coworkers 以及后面一系列不开心的举动可知，一些人抱怨同事不友好。complain of 抱怨， 诉苦，符合 语境。28A.distribute BhateCapplaud Dneglect答案 B解析 由空格前后的语境，特 别是 feel sad for.可推知，此处表示“他们厌恶的工作任务” ，
29、故 hate“讨厌，厌恶”符合语境。29A.calm BguiltyCwarm Dempty答案 D解析 根据空格前后的语境，特 别是 feeling tired 可推知，此处表示有些人并不尊重自己为之工作的公司，而且会感到厌 倦和空虚，故此 处答案为 empty，意为“空虚的” 。30A.family BgovernmentClifestyle Dproject答案 C解析 但他们并不专心于自己的工作，他 们工作只是为了 维持这种很快就习以为常的生活方式。lifestyle 生活方式，符合语境。31A.accustomed BappointedCunique Davailable答案 A解析
30、 固定表达 become accustomed to 对变得习以为常，习惯于。32A.yet BalsoCinstead Drather答案 A解析 根据上下文可知，这里表示 转折关系，故要用 yet。33A.let out Bturn inCgive up Dbelieve in答案 D解析 离职去从事他们自己看好的事情。believe in 相信，符合语境。let out 泄露， 发出；turn in上交，呈交；give up 放弃。34A.fundamental BpracticalCimpossible Dunforgettable答案 C解析 联系下文可知，想法没有成 为现实，故 选
31、 impossible，意为“不可能的” 。35A.take off Bdrop offCput off Dpay off答案 D解析 根据空格前面的 loans，bills，a mortgage 可知，此处表示“有借款、账单、抵押货款需要支付” 。pay off 付清，还清，符合 语境。 take off 取下，起飞；drop off 落下，减少；put off 推迟。36A.missing BinspiringCsinking Dshining答案 A解析 他们意识到生活中缺少了什么。 missing 失去的，失踪的，找不到的，符合语境。37A.harmful BhardCuseful D
32、normal答案 B解析 但很难脱离既定的生活轨迹。38A.measure BsufferCdigest Ddeliver答案 A解析 在一个倾向于用金钱来衡量一切的社会里。 measure 衡量。39A.disasters BmotivationsCcampaigns Ddecisions答案 D解析 从小时候我们就学会了从经济的角度来考虑所作的决定的代价。40A.assessed BinvolvedCcovered Dreduced答案 B解析 此处句意为：但是追求金钱超过追求人生意义本身带来的个人代价和社会代价呢？involve 参与，涉及，符合语境。assess 评价；cover 覆盖
33、，包括；reduce 减少。第二部分 阅读理解(第一节 20 小题，第二节 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 50 分)第一节 阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、和 D)中，选出最佳选项。AFrom the very beginning of school we make books and reading a constant source of possible failure and public humiliation.When children are little we make them read aloud，before the teacher and other
34、children， so that we can be sure they “know” all the words they are reading.This means that when they dont know a word，they are going to make a mistake，right in front of everyone.After having taught fifthgrade classes for four years，I decided to try at all costs to rid them of their fear and dislike
35、 of books，and to get them to read oftener and more adventurously.One day soon after school had started，I said to them， “Now Im going to say something about reading that you have probably never heard a teacher say before.I would like you to read a lot of books this year，but I want you to read them on
36、ly for pleasure.I am not going to ask you questions to find out whether you understand the books or not.If you understand enough of a book to enjoy it and want to go on reading it，that s enough for me.Also Im not going to ask you what words mean.”The children sat stunned and silent.Was this a teache
37、r talking？One girl，who had just come to us from a school where she had had a very hard time，looked at me steadily for a long time after I had finished.Then，still looking at me，she said slowly and seriously， “Mr.Holt，do you really mean that？”I said just as seriously， “I mean every word of it.”During
38、the spring she really astonished me.One day，she was reading at her desk.From a glimpse of the illustrations I thought I knew what the book was.I said to myself， “It cant be， ” and went to take a closer look.Sure enough，she was reading Moby Dick，in the edition with woodcuts.I said， “Dont you find par
39、ts of it rather heavy going？”She answered， “Oh，sure ，but I just skip over those parts and go on to the next good part.”This is exactly what reading should be and in school so seldom isan exciting，joyous adventure.Find something，dive into it，take the good parts，skip the bad parts，get what you can out
40、 of it，go on to something else.How different is our meanspirited，picky insistence that every child get every last little scrap of “understanding” that can be dug out of a book.41According to the passage，children s fear and dislike of books may result from _.Areading little and thinking littleBreadin
41、g often and adventurouslyCbeing made to read too muchDbeing made to read aloud before others答案 D解析 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，在他人面前读错字是丢人现眼的。孩子对书的恐惧和厌烦是大人要求他们在他人面前朗读导致的。42The teacher told his students to read _.Afor enjoymentBfor knowledgeCfor a larger vocabularyDfor higher scores in exams答案 A解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “.
42、I want you to read them only for pleasure.”可知， 这位老师要求学生快乐读书。for pleasure 与 for enjoyment 同义。43Upon hearing the teacher s talk，the children probably felt that _.Ait sounded stupidBit was not surprising at allCit sounded too good to be trueDit was no different from other teachers talk答案 C解析 推理判断题。根据第三
43、段首句及后面的内容可知，学生对老师说的话不太敢相信是真的。44Which of the following statements about the girl is TRUE according to the passage?AShe skipped over those easy parts while reading.BShe had a hard time finishing the required reading tasks.CShe learned to appreciate some parts of the difficult books.DShe turned out to
44、be a top student after coming to this school.答案 C解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中的 “.I just skip over those parts and go on to the next good part.”可知， 这个女孩学会了欣赏难理解的书中的精彩部分。A 项错在 skipped over those easy parts，实际为跳过难懂的部分；B 项错在 had a hard time，实际是在阅读中感受到乐趣；D 项在文中未提及。45From the teachers point of view，_.Achildren cannot
45、tell good parts from bad parts while readingBchildren should be left to decide what to read and how to readCreading is never a pleasant and inspiring experience in schoolDreading involves understanding every little piece of information答案 B解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者认为应该让孩子们自己来决定读什么及怎么读。A、D 两项在文中未提及；C 项与作
46、者的看法相反，作者认为阅读应该是一种愉快、激励人心的体验。BGraphs can be a very useful tool for conveying information，especially numbers，percentages，and other data.A graph gives the reader a picture to interpret.That can be a lot more efficient than pages and pages explaining the data.Graphs can seem frightening，but reading a g
47、raph is a lot like reading a story.The graph has a title， a main idea，and supporting details.You can use your active reading skills to analyze and understand graphs just like any other text.Most graphs have a few basic parts：a caption or introduction paragraph，a title，a legend or key， and labeled ax
48、es.An active reader looks at each part of the graph before trying to interpret the data.Captions will usually tell you where the data came from (for example，a scientific study of 400 African elephants from 1980 to 2005)Captions usually summarize the authors main point as well.The title is very important.It tells you the main idea of the graph by stating what kind
