1、Unit 17Great womenLanguage study,Word study,Complete these sentences with the words from the box.,2. He _ many young people to take up sports.他鼓舞许多青年人参加运动。,1. She is _ today, because she got an “A+” for her composition.今天她非常高兴，因为她的作文得了A+。,cheerful,inspires,3. She is very _ with money. She wouldnt gi
2、ve a cent to help the poor child.她非常吝啬，一分钱也不愿拿出来帮助穷孩子。,mean,4. They boy told me that his life was so _ that he decided to run away.那个男孩子告诉我，他的生活是如此悲惨以致于他决定离开家。,miserable,6. In winter, many people think it is exciting to ski down mountain _.冬天, 许多人认为顺着山坡滑雪是非常刺激的。,5. The man _ the shop assistant with
3、a knife.这位男子用刀威胁那个店员。,threatened,slope,7. She is quite _ about her company. She thinks it will become successful soon.她对公司前景相当乐观。她认为公司很快就会经营成功。,optimistic,8. Suddenly it started to rain. They had to take _ under a big tree.突然天下雨了，他们只好到大树下避雨。,shelter,9. They young pianist who won the first prize in t
4、he international competition last year held his first _ performance earlier this week.去年在国际比赛中荣获一等奖的那位年轻钢琴家，这周初举办了他的第一次个人演奏会。,solo,10. Many countries highly _ Chinas role in keeping world peace.中国在维护世界和平中的作用受到了许多国家的高度重视。,valued,主谓一致,主谓一致的定义英语句子中，主语的“人称”和“数”要限制、决定谓语动词的形式变化，这就叫“主谓一致”关系。它通常依据三项原则： 1）语法
5、一致； 2）意义一致； 3）就近一致。,【语法一致原则】 I .主语的“人称”决定谓语动词的形式 e.g. I love / She loves music . Are your mother a worker ? (误)你母亲是工人吗？ Is your mother a worker ?(正)（主语your mother 是单数第三人称）,我/ 她爱好音乐。,II .主语的“数”决定谓语动词的形式1.“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）”或“从句”等作主语，用单数谓语形式。,e.g.,为祖国服务是我们的义务。,The work is important . 这
6、项工作重要。,To serve the country is our duty .,How and why he left was a sad story . 他离开的经过和原因是一段伤心的经历。,2. 复数的名词、代词一般接复数谓语形式。 e.g. The children are taken good care of.孩子们得到很好的照料。 They have gone to Chengdu . 他们去成都了。,III. 以“and ”或“both and”连接的并列主语： 1.通常作复数用 。,Plastics and rubber never rot . 塑料和橡胶从不腐烂。 What
7、 he says and what he does do not agree. 他言行不一致。 Both Tom and I are fond of medicine. 我和汤姆都喜欢医学。,2. 如果并列主语指的是“同一个”人（事、物、抽象概念），作单数用。 The worker and writer has come . 这位工人作家来了。 A cart and horse was seen in the distance . 远处能看见有一套马车。 Truth and honesty is the best policy . 真诚是最好的策略。,3. “and”前、后的单数词语都有“ea
8、ch,every ,many ,a ,no”等修饰时，仍作单数用。 Every boy and every girl enjoys equal rights here.这里每个男孩和每个女孩都享有平等权益。 No teacher and no student is excused from taking part in the activity .没有哪个教师或学生可以免于参加这项活动。,. 主语前、后加表“数、量”等的修饰语时： “many a + 单名 ”接单数谓语;“a good (great ) many + 复名”接复数谓语。 Many a fine man has died for
9、 it. A great many parents were present at the meeting .,许多优秀战士为此献出了生命。,许多家长出席了会议。,主语后接“with”等构成的短语修饰成分时, 谓语仍须与这类短语前的“主语”一致。可构成这类短语的有：with ,along with ,together with ,as well as , but , besides , except ,added to , including , like ,no less than , rather than, more than 等。,e.g. A woman with two child
10、ren has come .,一位妇女带着两个孩子来了。,I as well as they am ready to help you . 不仅他们，我也愿帮助你。,【意义一致原则（Notional Concord）】 I. 集合名词作主语时： 有些通常作复数用(不变词形) 。如：“people , police , cattle (牛，牲口)，folk , youth , militia (民兵)”，等。 e.g.The police have caught the murderer. 警方已捕获凶手。,2. 有些指“整体”时作单数，指其中的“成员”时作复数（不变词形）。如 “army ,
11、audience(听众),class ,club （俱乐部） ,company(公司), committee(委员会) ,crew ,crowd ,staff(员工) ,family ,public ,government ,group ,party ,union ,couple ,population ,team .“等。,Our family a happy one . 我们有个幸福的家庭。 The family early risers . 这家人都起得早。 The public are (is )requested not to litter . 请公众不要乱扔废弃物。 但上述集合名词
12、也可有复数形式。如：families , two classes .等。有些变复数形式后意义不同。如：peoples多个民族。 youths男青年。 folks亲友。,is,are,II. 代词作主语时： 1. 不定代词“each, one, much, (a) little, either, neither, another, the other(+单名)“等常作单数用。它们所修饰的主语也作单数。 Each of the girls (=Each girl) a new hat. 每个女孩都有顶新帽子。 Neither plan suits me. Neither of the plans
13、me. 两个计划都不适合我。,has,suits / suit,2. 下列代词一般作单数用：someone, somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing等。e.g. Is everybody here ? 都到齐了吗？ There was nothing special then. 那时没什么特别情况。,3. 下列不定代词作复数用： “（a）few, many, several, both”等。e.g. Few (of the g
14、uests ) were familiar to us. 没几个（客人）是我们熟识的。 Both films / Both (of ) these films are interesting. 两部影片都有趣。,4.下列代词须视其“具体所指”来决定单、复数： 1).all, some, more, most, any, none,a lot(of ), lots (of ),等。 All (of the students ) are working hard. （所有的学生）都在用功。 All (of the paint ) is fine. （这些油漆）都很好。,2）half(of), pl
15、enty (of), the rest(of), (a)part(of), the remainder (of )（余下的）等。,Half of the apples are bad .,苹果中有一半是坏的。,这只苹果坏了一半。,Half of the apple is bad .,.“数词”、“数量、单位”等词语作主语时： 表示“运算”的数词通常作单数。 e.g. Ten times four makes/is forty. 十乘以四得四十。 2.表“时间、距离、金额、度量衡”等的词语，作“整体”看时作单数用，侧重指“若干单位”时作复数用。,Twenty years is not a lon
16、g time. 二十年光阴，弹指一挥间。 Twenty years have passed since he left.他离开已二十个年头了。,.专有名词作主语时： “书名、剧名、报刊名、国家名”等通常作单数用。 The United States was founded in 1776. 美国成立于1776年。 The Arabian Nights is very interesting. 天方夜谭很有趣。,【就近一致原则（Proximity）】 也称“邻近原则”，即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词在“人称、数”上一致。 1.由下列词语连接的并列主语： or ; either or；nor; nei
17、theror；whetheror；notbut; not onlybut also ; 等。,What he does or what he says does not concern me. 他的行为或言谈都与我无关。 Neither you nor I wrong. 你和我都没错。,am,Not you but your father is to blame. 不是你，而是你父亲该受责备。 Not only you but (also) he is wrong. 不仅你错了，他也错了。,2.在由there和here引起的句子及倒装句中。,There a pan and two books
18、on the desk. 桌子上有一支笔和两本书。 There two books, some paper and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有两本书，一些纸和一支钢笔。,is,are,Exercises,1. Each of you _ responsible for the accident.A. am B. be C. is D. are2. Each man and woman _ the same rights.A. has B. have C. had D. is having,C,A,3. Every means _ tried but without much
19、 result.A. has been B. have been C. are D. is4. There _ in this room.A. are too much furniture B. is too many furnituresC. are too much furnitures D. is too much furniture,A,D,5. The manager or his assistant _ planning to go.A. were B. are C. was D. be6. Not only I but also David and Iris _ fond of playing basketball.A. am B. is C. are D. was,C,C,7. Neither Tom nor his parents _ at home.A. is B. are C. has D. was8. Either the dean or the principal _ the meeting.A. attends B. attend C. are attending D. have attended,A,B,
