1、四级听力,概述,基本要求: 能听懂题材熟悉、句子结构比较简单、基本上没有生词、语速为130150词/分钟的简短会话、谈话和报道讲座,掌握其大意,抓住其要点和有关细节,并领会说话者的观点和态度。一遍可以听懂并理解的准确率不应低于70%。,六项技能:理解中心思想、听懂重要细节; 理解隐含的意思,作出准确的推断和判断; 辨别语音特征,通过声音的高低、快慢辨认重要信息; 理解句子及上下文间关系,如比较目的、原因等; 判断说话人身份、观点和态度; 根据所听内容,准确记录单词和句子大意;,1、题型特点及分重 conversation短对话:八道小题,占8%比重;长对话:两篇七道小题,占7%比重; Shor
2、t passages :三篇十道小题,占10%比重; Compound dictation :八个单词填空(占4%比重)和三个句子(占6%比重)。,试题内容: 1 conversation:关于日常生活的对话,衣食住行,学校、公共场所、家庭等;句子不太复杂; 2 short passages:题材熟悉,情节不太复杂的故事,人物传记,新闻报道,及风土人情,科学介绍等; 3 compound dictation:所用文章与2相当;,四级听力关键预览,四级听力应试方法的首要一点就是预览。预览会让你明白这个对话或是这篇文章将会用到哪些核心单词,涉及什么主要内容,有助于我们提高自信,提高听力效果。,四级
3、听力关键预览,预览心诀:竖看加联想 section A 不能仅分析每个选项的意思,而要“竖看“,把握四个选项中共同的重要信息,然后根据这些共同的重要信息来联想这个题目可能涉及的话题 演示一:2005年1月考题第一题 A) The man enjoys traveling by car. B) The man lives far from the subway. C) The man is good at driving. D) The man used to own a car.,四级听力关键预览,演示二:2005年1月第二题 A) Tony should continue taking th
4、e course. B) She approves of Tonys decision C) Tony can choose another science course. D) She cant meet Tony so early in the morning四个选项中共同(次数最多)信号有“Tony”(4次),“course”(3次),这说明会讨论Tony与功课的关系,而“continue”, “decision”, “choose”这些词进一步说明,可能会讨论Tony是否会继续选择某一功课。,四级听力关键预览,通过预览,听的时候就更有方向,而且很多单词由于事先看过,就能很容易听出来。
5、很多情况下。共同信息越多的选项不但是预览的重点,而且还可以直接成为正确答案。如上面第一题A,D有重复信息而正确答案是D;第二题A和B有重要重复信息而A是正确答案,当然这不是绝对的但至少可以说明一点,预览共同信息很重要,四级听力关键预览,section B 如果在短对话部分“竖看”更加重要,那么在短文部分“联想”就更加重要了。 2003年6月考题第三篇短文 18.A) A rescuer on the Golden Gate Bridge.B) A professional diver.C) A telephone operator.D) A guard on the Golden Gate B
6、ridge.四个选项中“rescuer”,” professional diver”,” telephone operator”,” guard“都是讲一种人,所以可以联想到这个题目可能考一个人的职业,但是很有可能与“the Golden Gate Bridge“有关。,四级听力关键预览,19.A) Someone has fallen off the bridge.B) Someone on the bridge is being attacked.C) Someone is threatening to destroy the bridge.D) Someone on the bridge
7、 is attempting to kill himself.四个选项中“fallen off the bridge “ , “being attacked“, “threatening to destroy the bridge”,” attempting to kill himself“都是讲一些负面的事情,而且这些事情都是发生在桥上,看来是重要的细节题。,四级听力关键预览,20.A)Call the mother to come right away.B) Try to communicate with them first.C) Help them to get out of thei
8、r misty.D) Remind them that they have children to take care of. 四个选项中 “Call the mother“, “Try to communicate“, “Help them“, “Remind them “这些动作让人联想到这个题目可能会涉及解决问题的方法。最后,把这几个选项联合起来,可以做一番联想:一个在“the Golden Gate Bridge“从事某种职业的人。在桥上遇到一个问题,最后用一种方法把它解决了。有了这个大概的方向以后,听这篇文章就会有感觉了。,四级听力关键预览,复合式听写的绝大部分文字已经在卷面给出,所
9、以只要有时间先预览一遍,而且重点看空格上下文的内容,就可以基本知道文章内容了。考生在第一遍听的时候,可以尽量把听到的单词写下来,最后一定再检查一遍,尤其防止出现单复数时态的错误。,分类指导,(一)对话部分 时间及数字题:非必考题,但是常考;1 同时提到几个时间,选择;2 不直接提到答案,就给出数据进行简单换算;,解题要点: 1 时间的表达法; 2 年月日的表达法; 3 近音数字的辨别; 4 表示倍数、价格、货币名称的词的读法; 3 times the price, twice as much, quarters, 5 数字,尤其是分数的读法;,地点、人物身份、关系题: 解题指导:抓住表示地点及
10、关系特征的关键词 1 学校;老师/学生关系:class, academic year(学年), application form, registration(注册), scholarship, freshmen, sophomore, junior, senior, postgraduate, graduate, term paper(学期论文), thesis (硕士论文), full-time, tuition(学费), campus, credits(学分), required /compulsory courses(必修课), elective/optional courses(选修课
11、),Masters degree(硕士学位), Bachelors degree(学士学位), Doctors degree(博士学位), doctorate(博士学位), diploma(毕业证), dormitory/dorm, alumni(校友), philosophy, economics, homework, exams, principal(校长), library, score(分数), syllabus(教学大纲),2 餐馆;侍者和客人关系:waiter/waitress, menu, dish, drink, tip(小费), salad, bill(账单), desser
12、t, order, steak, go Dutch, change(零钱), well-done(食物等很熟), medium(中熟), rare-done(嫩), delicious, greasy(油腻), spicy(辣,口味重), sauce(调味汁,酱),3. 医生病人关系:doctor, nurse, patient, dentist, ward(病房), surgeon(外科医生), operation, injection(注射), temperature, fever, prescribe, prescription(开处方), headache, flu, tablet(药
13、片), capsule(胶囊), pills(药丸), pharmacy(药店), aspirin(阿司匹林), cough, in-patient department(门诊部), out-patient department(住院部), x-ray;,4. 银行;职员和顾客关系:clerk, cash, check, to cash a check, credit card, open/close an account(开/销户), interest rate(利率), deposit/draw money(存/取钱), exchange rate(汇率), foreign currenc
14、y(外币), savings account(储蓄账户), checking account(支票帐户) , current account(活期帐户) , loan(贷款), mortgage(抵押),5. 图书馆;librarian, bookshelf, catalogue, magazine, journal(期刊), return, renewal, due(到期), overdue(过期)reference books, be fined, electronic reading room(电子阅览室), index(检索),6. 机场: flight, airlines, airw
15、ays, take off, landing, arrival time, departure time, boarding(登机), boarding pass(登机牌) , security control(安检), duty-free lounge(免税商店), luggage claim(行礼领取), passport control, visa(签证), boarding gate(登机口)carry-on luggage(随身行礼),7. 火车站:train, platform, express train, ticket-collector, waiting room, info
16、rmation desk, inquiry, sleeping car, one-way ticket, return ticket(往返车票), round-trip ticket(往返车票), subway, timetable, schedule, x-ray scanner,8. 旅馆,宾馆:reservation, check-in, check-out, single room, double room, suite(套间), book a room, reception desk, receptionist(前台), standard rate(标准房价), final acco
17、unt (总账), room service,9. 邮局:airmail, registered letter(挂号信), ordinary letter/regular mail(平信), envelope, stamp, postage(邮资), parcel/package(包裹), express mail, overweight(超重), scales(秤), zip code(邮政编码), address, addressee(收信人),10. 商场,售货员顾客关系: shop assistant, cashier(收银员), mens suit, womens dress, fi
18、tting room(试衣间), color, size, extra large (加大号),medium(中号),on sale(打折), in fashion, look good on you(穿在你身上很漂亮), expensive, bargain(便宜), discount(折扣), 30% off(七折), customer, receipt(收据,发票), non-food section(非食品区), security guard(保安), installments(分期付款), coupon(赠券),11. 理发店:Hairdresser, haircut, shampo
19、o, lotion, shave, hairstyle, dye, 12. 主人和客人关系:invitation, dinner, help yourself to some(自便), make yourself at home(请不用客气), birthday party, hospitality(好客,热情), doorway(门口), living room, dining room, kitchen,推理和判断题:重要部分,比例50以上;考点: 说话者的真实意图、真实感受、态 度等; 解题指导: 1 语音语调; 2 特别留意but, Id love to but, I wish I c
20、ould, but.等表示礼貌的转折用语; 3形式肯定意义否定的句型,形式否定意义肯定的句型You shouldnt have told him the news.I cant agree with you more 3 常用成语、习语和表达法;once in a blue moon, The rising tide lifts all boats,feel under the weather, pull ones leg, I cant be more happy. I cant agree with you more.,形式肯定意义否定的句型,1、Id like toI d love to
21、,but。表否定,重点放在but后面。如: The students English club is having a party on Saturday nightCan you come? I would like to,but I work at a restaurant on weekends 又如: Shall we eat in the school dining-room tonight? Id like to,but the Western food doesnt agree with meLets go to a Chinese restaurant for a change
22、,2、使用虚拟语气的句子。这些句子形式上是肯定的,但往往表达一种“本应该,本可以(却没有),希望”的情绪,放在一定的语言环境中表否定。如: If the traffic wasnt so bad,I could have been home by 6:00 What a pity!John was here to see you 又如: Do you like physics? Well,I wish it were interesting. I need a bike today,but mine has a flat tyre Im sorry to hear thatI would ha
23、ve lent you if Bill hadnt taken it away,形式肯定意义否定的句型,3、Im sorry,。这种句型是委婉的否定,其后一般接原因。如: Hello,may I speak to John Smith, please? Im sorry,nobody by that name works here,形式肯定意义否定的句型,4、由形容词last构成的特殊句型。意思是“ 是最不可能的”。如: Would you like to go mountain climbing with us? Thats the last thing in the world I wan
24、t to do I heard Tom was the man who robbed MrSmiths house But I think he is the last one to do such a thing,形式肯定意义否定的句型,5、anything but句型。基本意思“除以外的任何事物”或“根本不”。如: Everyone is helping out with dinner Could you make the soup? Anything but that,形式肯定意义否定的句型,6、由一些特殊短语构成的句型。这种短语很多,需要学生平时不断地积累,举两个短语为例: Youre
25、 not much of a rock and roll fan, are you? Its far from being my favorite kind of music,thats for sure Can you possibly lend me 10 until pay-day? Its out of the question,形式肯定意义否定的句型,形式否定意义肯定的句型,1、Why dont youWhy not?如: John,I dont know what to get for your fatherHe has just about everything,doesnt h
26、e? Do you have any suggestions? Why dont you get him a pocket calculator?(1990年6月),2、Do you mind?问句的回答用No, of course not或者Not at all 如: Do you mind if I borrow your note? No,of course notThey are on my desk(1994年1月),形式否定意义肯定的句型,3、notuntil句型。如: When can the doctor see me? He wont be free until tomorr
27、ow,形式否定意义肯定的句型,4、notmorebetter构成的特殊句型。 如: I think its high time we turned our attention to the danger of drunk driving now I cant agree with you moreYou see countless innocent people are killed by drunk drivers each year How is your business,Bob? Sales have never been better,形式否定意义肯定的句型,5、Without a
28、doubt;Dont mention it;No problem等作为回答的否定句型。如: Do you think we have to review the chapter of Industrial Revolution? Without a doubt,it will be on the exam Do you think you could have this skirt ready by Thursday morning? No problemYou can come and fetch it,形式否定意义肯定的句型,6、由一些除not和never之外的否定词如hardly,sel
29、dom ,scarcely,rarely等构成的句型。这如: What a surprise!Tim has improved his English so much after a holiday abroad I can hardly hear an accent,形式否定意义肯定的句型,2 短文部分:考点: 对中心思想、事实细节、因果 关系的理解;口语化,逻辑性较强,答案一般能从文章中找到;问题一般包括三大类: 综合推理类(原因、结论、观点等)、主旨大意类(文章开始和结尾)、事实细节类(时间、地点、人物、关系等)。,出题方向:社会科学(国外人文风情、生活方式、历史 、 传统);自然科学(
30、新事物、新技术的研究成果及医学和跟人体健康相关的问题)。 作答时注意出题点:开头原则;转折和因果原则;表达观点原则;时间地点原则;列举原则;概括性选项比细节性选项正确率高原则。 听力的文章部分坦率说是一个基本功,主要是文章的第一句话,文章的第一句话是一道题目,结尾是一道题目,中间隐藏比较深的细节,也就是说规律性是这样的。,1.中心思想题。这类问题主要是测试文章的主题思想。提问方式有:What is the main idea of the passage? What can we learn from this passage? What is the best title for this
31、passage? What is the passage mainly about? What is the speaker talking about?等等。 做这一类题时一定要注意集中精力听好短文的开头,因为四级听力短文一般会开门见山,把中心思想置于文章的开头。另外,如果文中反复出现同一词汇或同一类词汇,同样也值得我们特别注意,因为包含有这类词汇的选项能较好地体现中心思想,通常就是正确答案。 2.事实细节题。所考察的细节包括具体时间、地点、主要人物或事件、各种数字等,问题一般为wh-question的形式。这类题要求我们听到文中出现时间、数字时一定要特别敏感,及时做好笔记;另外,文中一旦出
32、现以因果连词(如because, so, due to等)和转折连词(如but, however, though等)引导的句子也要格外留心,这些地方往往就是考点。 3.推理推测题需要对文中的信息进行分析推断,才能作出正确的选择。提问方式有:What can be inferred from the passage? What does the speaker think about the problem.? What does the speaker most concerned about? How does the writer feel about.?等等。,短文听力的提问方式最常见的几种类型,复合式听写,充分利用文章所读三遍之间,整理好三遍每遍应该做什么事情应该有一个精心的概念和规划。前8个单词的考察,建议大家熟记大纲词汇中的长词,而且一边背,一边要熟悉它的正确英语发音。最后三句话建议还是尽量听懂大意,不要急着去写听出来的词,结合大意,用最简单的英语去改写。 前面8个单词尽可能在第一遍和第二遍之内把它写完,后面三句长句最有可能性是组成复合句,并不是说一定要全部写出来才给分,听到多少有把握的就把它写下来,前面的写不下来后面听下来的写下来都可以的。,