1、被动语态综合复习,重庆市铝城中学 廖小康,被动语态（The Passive Voice）： 1）主动语态和被动语态： 英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态（The Active Voice）和被动语态（The Passive Voice）。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如： Many students study English.(主动语态) English is studied by many students.(被动语态),被动语态：当主语为动作的承受者时，用被动语态。结构：be+动词过去分词,1) We clean the classroom every da
2、y.,The classroom is cleaned (by us) ,2) Teachers allow students to wear theirown clothes.,Students are allowed (by teachers) towear their own clothes.,一般现在时,一般现在时,被动语态的用法:,1.只知道动作的承受者;,如,A note was passed up to the speaker.,2.强调动作的承受者;,如,Table tennis is played all over China.,3.不需要指出动作的发出者.,如，Anothe
3、r bridge has been built across the Changjiang River.,2)被动语态的结构： 被动语态由“助动词be+实义动词的过去分词”构成，助动词be有人称、数的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时一样。 如：The desk is made of wood.The desks are made of wood. He is asked a question by the teacher. I was given a nice present by my friend yesterday.,被动语态的基本结构:,be + PP(动词的过去分词）,一般现在时
4、: v.be + PP.,am is are,Our classroom is cleaned everyday.I am asked to study hard.Knives are used for cutting things,+ PP.,be + PP(动词的过去分词）,被动语态的基本结构:,一般过去时:S + 动词的过去式,was were,+ PP.,I was invited to the concert.我应邀参加了音乐会. Cars were invented in 1885.汽车是在1885年发明的.,被动语态的基本结构:,be + PP(动词的过去分词）,一般将来时: w
5、ill + V.,be,+ PP(动词的过去分词）,1.A new hospital will be built in our city.2.Many more trees will be planted next year.,被动语态的基本结构:,be + PP(动词的过去分词),现在进行时: be + Ving,being,+ PP(动词的过去分词）,This question is being discussed at the meeting.这个问题正在会上讨论. Many trees are being cut down .许多树正在被砍伐.,am is are,+,被动语态的基本结
6、构:,be + PP(动词的过去分词）,过去进行时: was were + Ving,being,+ PP(动词的过去分词）,When I called , tea was being served.我来访时,正值上茶之际. When I came back, the boy was being beaten.我回来时,有人正打男孩呢.,被动语态的基本结构:,be + PP(动词的过去分词）,现在完成时: have has + PP,been,+ PP(动词的过去分词）,My car has been repaired.2. This book has been translated into
7、 many languages. 3. Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many coutries.,被动语态的基本结构:,be + PP(动词的过去分词）,过去完成时: had + PP,been,+ PP(动词的过去分词）,Tom looked at the lanterns that had been lighted and placed near the opening.汤姆望着那些已经点着并放在洞口附近的提灯. The portieres that hung across the folding doo
8、rs had been taken down for the summer.折门上面的门帘夏天已经取下来了.,被动语态的基本结构:,be + PP(动词的过去分词）,过去将来时: would + V.,be,+ PP(动词的过去分词）,He said that the bridge would be built next year.他说这座桥明年将建成. Another half-hour and all doors would be locked.再过半小时,所有的门都要上锁.,被动语态的基本结构:,be + PP(动词的过去分词）,情态动词 + V.,be,+ PP(动词的过去分词）,Th
9、is must be done as soon as possible.这件事必须尽快做. These stairs are very dangerous. They should be repaired.这楼梯很危险,应该修理了. Cross the road very carefully. Look both ways, or you might be knocked down.过马路时要非常小心，要看两边,不然会被车撞倒的.,含有情态动词的被动语态：,1) Teenagers should be allowed to get theirears pierced.,2) This must
10、 be done as soon as possible.,3) It can be repaired.,结构：情态动词be+动词过去分词,主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤：,1 把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语。,2 把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。,3 原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。,4 其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。,主动句与被动句之间的转换We bought some books. 主语 谓语动词主动语态的过去式 宾语 Some books were bought (
11、 by us ) 主语 谓语动词被动语态的过去分词 介词+ 宾语,For example:,I,love,English,.,English,is loved,by me,.,如何将主动语态变为被动语态?,Many people speak English.(主动语态),English is spoken by many people.(被动语态),The naughty boy broke the window yesterday.(主动语态),The window was broken ( by the naughty boy) yesterday.(被动语态),We can repair
12、 this watch in two days.This watch can be repaired in two days.They should do it at once.It should be done at once.All the people laughed at him.He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory.The bikes are made by them in the factory.He cut down a tree.A tree was cut down by him.
13、,Uncle Wang is mending my bike now. My bike is being repaired by Tom now. They are planting trees over there. Trees are being planted over there by them. There are two books to be read. There are two more trees to be planted.,Bruce writes a letter every week.A letter is written by Bruce every week.
14、2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning. 3. He has written two novels so far.Two novels have been written by him so far. 4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow. 5. Lucy is writing a letter now.A letter
15、is being written by Lucy now. 6. You must lock the door when you leave.The door must be locked when you leave.,5)Exercises: 一.选择填空: Windows_ of glass. be made B. is made C. are made D. been made 2. The house_ in 2004. is built B. is building C. was built D. used 3. A coat can_ for keeping warm. be u
16、sed B. is used C. been used D. used,C,C,A,4. Watches_ Shanghai last long.A. are made in B. is made C. are made from D. made 5. This desk is made _ wood.A. of B. from C. in D. by 6. The things on show were _ the old days.A. used B. used to C. used for D. used in 7. Silk _ in Hangzhou and Suzhou.A. is
17、 produced B. are producedC. produced D. is produces,A,A,D,A,1.Our school _ _ in 2002.(开办) 2.The young trees must_well.(照顾) 3. _ this building_(建成)last year? 4.The book _ _(写)by him last year. 5. The bridge _ _(不建造)in1989 6.The 29th Olympic Games will_ _(举行) in Beijing in 2008.,was opened,be looked a
18、fter,Was,built,was written,wasnt built,be held,将下列句子由主动句变为被动句或由被动句变为主动句：,Zheng Jie invented this special pen.变被动句,2)The bike was fixed up by Jimmy. 变主动句,3) People use sunglasses to protect their eyes.,4) Teachers allow students to put up hands inclass.,This special pen was invented Zheng Jie.,Jimmy
19、fixed up the bike,Sunglasses are used (by people) to protect eyes.,Students are allowed (by teachers) to put up hands in class.,用所给动词的正确形式填空：,1) The bike _(fix) up by Xiao Ming yesterday.2) Sunglasses _ (use) for protecting peoples eyes.3) A picture _(put) up on the blackboard.4) French_ (speak) in
20、France.5) Teenagers should _(allow) tochoose their own clothes.,was fixed,are used,is put,is spoken,be allowed,练习一 请把下列的主动句变为被动句（注意时态的一致）,1 He wrote an article last week.,An article was written by him last week.,2 The people make history.,History is made by people.,3 Do people use Chinese only in Ch
21、ina?,Is Chinese used by people only in China?,4 They didnt visit the city two years ago.,The city wasnt visited by them two years ago.,5 Where did you make them?,Where were they made by you?,一 用适当的形式填空1 History is _ by the people. ( make)2 He is often _ to do the work by the teacher. (ask)3 The book
22、 _ by him last year. ( write )4 The radio _ last week. ( mend)5 Some trees _ on the hill this spring. (plant)6 A new subway _ (build) next year.7 She _ (take) to the hospital already.8 Thousands of satellites _ (send) up into the space so far.9 They said they _ (invite) to the party already.10 The t
23、rains _( produce) in Zhu zhou.11 Young trees should _(water) often.,made,asked,was written,was mended,have been planted,will be built,has been taken,have been sent,had been invited,are produced,be watered,Multiple Choice:,1. ( ) If the work _,you can go and play games.A. finished B. has finished C.
24、will be finished D. is finished,2. ( ) It was raining heavily outside, the children were made _in the classroom.,4. ( ) To make our city more beautiful, rubbish _ into the river.A. neednt be thrown B. mustnt be thrownC. cant throw D. may not throw,5. ( ) I like my bike. It _ very well.A. rides B. is
25、 riding C. is ridden D. has ridden,D,B,B,A,3. ( ) Kate _ the letter before her mother came into her bedroom.,A. has written B. was written C. had written D. is writing,A. stay B. to stay C. staying D. stayed,C,6. ( ) I wont come to the party unless Tom _, too.You mean if Tom comes ,youll come.,8. (
26、) The children must _.,9. ( ) The woman still doesnt know what _ in her hometown,D,D,B,A. will invite B. invites C. invited D. is invited,7. ( ) Everyone who heard Mr. Greens story _ it.,A. laughed at B. was laughed C. laughed D. was laughed at,A,A. happens B. happened C. will happen D. was happened
27、,while she was away.,A. look after B. be taken good care,C. look the same D. be taken good care of,10. ( ) I saw you were on foot this morning.,Yes. My bike _.,A. is mending B. is being mended,C. is mended D. is being mending,B,由 不及物动词+介词或副词构成的被动语态,主动句 主语 +不及物动词 +介词 +宾语,被动句 主语(原宾语) +be +介词 + by +原主语
28、之宾格,She looks after her grandmother. (主动句 ),Her grandmother is looked after by her.被动句 ),My friends laughed at me all the time. (主动句 ),I was laughed at by my friends all the time. (主动句 ),注 :介词不能省略,=及物动词,注意：在主动句中see ，watch ，hear，make 等后+宾语+动词原形的结构变为被动句时一律在see watch ，hear，make等后加上to。,练习,1 We hear bird
29、s sing every morning.,Birds are heard to sing by us every morning.,2 His father made him stay at home.,He was made to stay at home by his father.,其他:,1. I often hear him sing songs in the next room.,He is often heard to sing in the next room.,2. The boss makes the workers work fifteen hours a day.,T
30、he workers are made to work fifteen hours a day.,1. Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.,The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.,2. The manager has not signed the papers.,The papers have not been signed by the manager.,主 + 谓 + 宾,3. I posted that letter last nigh
31、t.,That letter was posted last night.,4. They know that he is an expert.,It is known that he is an expert.,有时by可以省略.,主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾,1. He told her a long story.,She was told a long story.,A long story was told to her.,2. Mother bought me a new coat.,I was bought a new coat.,A new coat was bought for
32、me.,练习：请把下列主动句变为被动句 1 The woman asked the policeman for help. 2 The old man on TV tells a story on Sunday. 3 Do they use the box as a table? 4 She sent me a collection last week. 5 The teacher doesnt teach us math this term. 6 Did Lily buy her sister a hat? 7 We often hear him play the violin at home. The lazy boy didnt wash clothes yesterday. Students listen to the kind teacher carefully. 10 When did your father took you to the park .,
