1、直接引语与间接引语,1.直接引语：照原话说一遍，有引号。 2.间接引语：用自己的话加以转述，无引号。间接引语常构成宾语从句的一种形式。,3.宾语从句： 跟在某些动词之后的句子叫宾语从句。 如：say, tell, believe, think, understand, know, hope, wonder等词之后。 e.g. I say that they are good at English. 跟在某些表示情感的形容词之后的句子叫宾语从句。 如：be happy, be sure, be afraid, be sorry等词之后。 e.g. I am sure that you had b
2、etter see a doctor.,需考虑以下几方面的问题：,连接词 语序 人称 时态,连接词,直接引语是陈述句改为由that引导的宾语从句。that可省略（省一不省二） 直接引语是一般疑问句改为由if/whether引导的宾语从句。（疑问语序变成陈述语序） 直接引语是特殊疑问句改成由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。（疑问语序变成陈述语序） 直接引语是肯定祈使句改成ask, tell, order, beg sb. to do sth.的形式。 直接引语是否定祈使句改为ask, tell, order, beg sb. not to do sth.的形式。,陈述句,He is a doctor.
3、 She says that he is a doctor. I am having an English lesson. He says that he is having an English lesson. Exercise: 1. I want to have something to eat. He says 2. He is going to play football. She says,一般疑问句,1.Can you help me? I ask her if she can help me. She asks me if I can help her. 2.Does he g
4、o to school on foot every day? I ask him if he goes to school o foot every day. He asks her if she goes to school on foot every day. Exercise: 1. Will you buy this book? He asks me I ask him 2. Is she sweeping the floor? He asks me I ask him,特殊疑问句,Where did you go yesterday? I ask him where he went
5、yesterday. He asks me where I went yesterday. She asks him where he went yesterday. Exercise: What will he buy in the supermarket? She asks me I ask her,肯定祈使句、否定祈使句,Open the door. Ask him to open the door.Dont open the door. Ask him not to open the door. Pass me the book. He asks me to pass him the
6、book.Dont pass me the book. He asks me not to pass him the book.,Exercise,1. Bring me the ball. Ask him Ask her 2. Dont take the book away. Tell her Tell him,区别于：肯：want sb. to do sth.否：dont/doesnt want sb. to do sth. e.g.肯： I want him to do some shopping with me.否：I dont want him to do any shopping
7、with me.,语序,陈述语序：主+谓 beV.,人称：,一随主：在直引变间引时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。 e.g. 1. I am a teacher.He says that he is a teacher.She says that she is a teacher.2. My brother wants to go swimming with me.She says that her brother wants to go swimming with her.He says that his brother wants t
8、o go swimming with him.,Exercise,1. We have hurt our feet.He saysShe says 2. I have something important to do. He says She says 3. I will go to the park with my mum. He says She says,二随宾：直引变间引时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称，或被第二人称所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外地主句的宾语一致。若果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。 e.g. 1. I can help you with your Mat
9、h. I tell him that I can help him with his Math. I tell her that I can help her with her Math. He tells me that he can help me with my Math. She tells me that she can help me with my Math. 2.Youd better finish your work first. He tells him that hed better finish his work first. She tells me that Id
10、better finish my work first.,Exercise,1. You should finish your homework on time. I tell her He tells me 2. You can go out to play basketball. My mother tells me His father tells him 3.You must keep the room clean. He tells me She tells him,第三人称不更新：指引变间引时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不变。 （he/sh
11、e/it/they） e.g. 1. He is a teacher. I say that he is a teacher. She says that he is a teacher. 2. They are from China. I say that they are from China. He says that they are from China.,Exercise,1.Jack is a good worker. She says He says 2.He is a manager of this company. I say She says 3. Mary can wo
12、rk out the Math problem. I say The teacher says,时态,A.主句是一般现在时，指引变间引时时态不变。 e.g. I go to school on foot. He says that he goes to school on foot. B.主句是过去时，指引变间引时时态要变。 一般现在时 一般过去时 （主+V原形/V三单） （主+Ved） e.g. 1. I can jump high. He says that he can jump high. She said that he could jump high.2.I must do my
13、homework by myself. He says that he must do his homework by himself. He said that he had to do his homework by himself.,Exercise,1. She can ride a bike. He says She said 2. I must study hard. He says He said 3. He goes to school five days a week. His mother says His mother said,一般过去式 过去完成时 （主+Ved） (
14、主+had+Vp.p) e.g. 1. I bought some books for you. He says that he bought some books for me. He said that he had bought some books for me. 2. We ate some bread for breakfast. He says that they ate some bread for breakfast. He said that they had eaten some bread for breakfast.,Exercise,1. I found my lo
15、st bike. She says She said 2. We finished our homework. He says He said 3. He helped his sister to clean the floor. Tom says Tom said,一般将来时 过去将来时 （主+will+V原形） (主+would+V原形) （主+is/am/are going to） （主+was/were going to） e.g. 1. I will go to the shop. He says that he will go to the shop. He said that h
16、e would go to the shop. 2. He is going to visit the park. She says that he is going to visit the park. She said that he was going to visit the park.,Exercise,1. Lucy will buy a book for me. Tom says Tom said 2. I will ask Jerry for help. Ann says Ann said 3. I am going to write a letter for you. The
17、 girl says The girl said,现在进行时 过去进行时 （主+am/is/are V-ing） (主+was/were V-ing),e.g. 1. He is doing his homework. She says that he is doing his homework. She said that he was doing his homework. 2. We having watching TV. He says that they are watching TV. He said that they were watching TV.,Exercise,1.
18、She is singing an English song. Tony says Tony said 2. They are playing computer games. He says He said 3. I am talking with my friends. The girl says The girl said,现在完成时 过去完成时 （主+have/has+Vp.p） (主+had+Vp.p),e.g. 1. I have had breakfast. He says that he has had breakfast. He said that he had had breakfast. 2. We have finished our homework. She says that they have finished their homework. She said that they had finished their homework.,Exercise,1. She has bought a pair of shoes. He says He said 2. We have worked for two hours. Jim says Jim said 3. Lily has got a headache. He says He said,
