1、Grammar,直接引语和间接引语,Direct and Indirect Speech,(1)John said：“I like reading novels.” (2)John said that he liked reading novels.直接引语:间接引语:,直接引述别人的话.,用自己的话转述别人的话. 它构成宾语从句.,Grammar: Direct and Indirect Speech (1),转述他人的陈述陈述句, She asked me what I was doing.,1) He said , “Im going to Beijing.”, He said that
2、 he was going to Beijing.,2) He asked, “Are you a teacher?”, He asked me if /whether I was a teacher.,3) She said , “What are you doing?”,2. 转述他人的疑问一般疑问句,3. 转述他人的问题特殊疑问句,直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化,He said, “I have been to the Great Wall. ” He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall. He said, “Ill give
3、 you an examination next Monday. ” He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.,陈述句 用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语 动词可直接用引语中的said, 也可用told来代替,注意， 可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that， 不可直接说told that,陈述句解题步骤:,“I dont like computers,” Sarah said to her friends.,Sarah said to
4、her friends,that,didnt,she,Sarah said to her friends that she didnt like computers.,一般疑问句,He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?” He asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation. He said, “You are interested in English, arent you?” He asked whether I was interes
5、ted in English.,间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等)，语序是陈述句的语序,一般疑问句解题步骤: Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil? ( They asked him ),They asked him,if,It is easy to improve the condition of the soil.,(it is easy to improve the condition of the soil.),asked,is,was,They asked
6、him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.,特殊疑问句,He said to me，“Whats your name?” He asked me what my name was. He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?” He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.,原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb. )来表达，
7、语序改为陈述句语序,3.特殊疑问句解题步骤： When do you harvest the wheat ? ( They asked him ),They asked him,When,you harvest the wheat,(you harvest the wheat.),he,harvested,They asked him when he harvested the wheat.,选择疑问句,He asked, “Do you speak English or French?” He asked me whether I spoke English or French.,用whet
8、heror表达，而不用ifor，也不用eitheror,在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化,1. 注意时态的变化,2. 注意人称变化,7. 注意语序的变化,3. 注意指示代词的变化,4. 注意时间的变化,5. 注意地点的变化,6. 注意个别趋向动词的变化,He said he,played football,was playing,had played,had played,would play,had played,He said that Light travels much faster than sound.,谓语动词时态不变的几种情况：,1. 客观真理,He said, “Lig
9、ht travels much faster than sound.”,2. 格言/谚语,He said, “Rome isnt built in a day.”,He said that Rome isnt built in a day.,She says that shell never forget the days in the country.,3. 所表述的内容在目前和说话时同样有效,The children said, “We love this game.”,4.主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态,She says, “Ill never forget the days in the
10、 country.”,5. 经常的习惯：He said to the doctor, “I smoke two packs every day.” He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day.,6. 历史事件：The teacher said, “World War ended in 1945.” The teacher said that World War ended in 1945.,7. 部分情态动词,如must, ought to, used to, had better等：She said to me: “You mu
11、st hurry up.” She said that I must hurry up.,直接引语,间接引语,指示代词,时 间 状 语,地点状语,方向性动词,this,that,these,those,now,then,today,that day,this week,that week,yesterday,the day before,last week,the week before,four days ago,four days before,the day before yesterday,two days before,tomorrow,the next day,next month
12、,the next month,here,there,come,go,Bring,take,borrow,lend,Exercises:,1. He said , “I m afraid I cant finish this work.”,2.He said , “I havent heard from him since May.”3.Tom said “I will see you next week.”,He said that he was afraid he couldnt finish that work.,He said that he hadnt heard from him
13、since May.,Tom said that he would see me the next week.,4. “Why were you late again?” The teacher said to me.5. “Have you been to Paris?” My classmate asked me.6. His friends asked him if he would go to Dalian.,The teacher asked me why I was late again.,His friends asked him, “Will you go to Dalian?
14、”,My classmate asked me if I had been to Paris.,Try to do SB P.5 Ex.2 Change the sentences either into direct speech or indirect speech:,1. Anne said that she didnt know the address of her new home. 2. Anne told her father that she had got tired of looking at nature through dirty curtains and dusty
15、windows. 3. The girl said that she needed to pack up her things in the suitcase very quickly.,4. Her father asked her why she had chosen her diary and old letters. 5. “Are you very hot with so many clothes on?” Mother asked/said to her. 6. “What else have you hidden under your overcoat?” Margot asked her. 7. “ When shall we go back home?” Anne asked her father. 8. “ Why did you talk so much to that boy?” Father asked Anne.,Goodbye!,
