1、定语从句,一、定义及相关术语 1定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 2先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。 关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如： The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中，who is sha
2、king hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man， “who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。,巧记定语从句的用法 主句型，从句型，两种句子要完整。从句紧靠先行词，系词引导要弄清。定人用who或whom，定物which当先用。关系代词有that，定人定物有本领。定时间要用when，定地点where行。关系代(副)词作成分，唯作宾语可以省。,二、定语从句的种类以及区别 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，现将它们之间的用法及区别列表如下,请看下面例句的不同含义： 限制性：她有两个当解放军的儿子。 She ha
3、s two sons who are P.L.A.men. (Maybe she has other sons who are not P.L.A.men.) 非限制性：她有两个儿子，他们都是解放军。 She has two sons，who are P.L.A.men. (She has only two sons.They are both P.L.A.men.),三、关系代词的用法区分 1.修饰物体时关系代词that和 which的区分 只能使用that的情况： （1）当先行词即有人又有物时。 eg. I wont forget the things and the persons th
4、at I saw. （2）当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。 eg. This is the first book that I bought myself.The biggest bird that I caught is this bird. （3）当先行词所在句子含疑问词who，which时。 eg. Which is the book that you bought yesterday？ （4）当先行词被the very, the right, the next, the only 等强调词修饰时。 eg. This is the very book that I lost ye
5、sterday. （5）当先行词是nothing, something, anything, all, each等不定代词时。 eg. Do you have anything that is important to tell me? 或当先行词被all, any, some, no, not, every, each等不定代修饰时。 eg. I have some books that are very good.,只能使用which的情况。 （1）非限制性定语从句中。 eg. Mary has a book, which is very precious. （2）在介词之后。 eg. T
6、his is a house in which lives an old man. 2. 修饰人时关系代词that 和who, whom的区分。 1).先行词是one, ones, anyone, those时，宜用who; One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to say truth. 2）在There be开头的句字中，宜用 who； There are many people who are against him. 3)先行词指人，且关系代词前有介词时，只用whom; She is the girl with whom I wen
7、t there. 比较She is the girl whom / who/ that I met at the party. 3.whose是代词的所有格，可指人也可指物,但有时只能用of which或of whom。 （1）I saw a woman whose bag was stolen. （2）She lives in a room，of which the windows face south.,巧记that和which的区别： that，which可互换，下列请况勿照办；that情况比较多，不妨对你说一说；不定代词这路货，全用that准没错；先行词前被限制，千万不要用which；
8、 要用which别着急，介词提前逗隔离。,四、定语从句考点 热点1 关系代词与关系副词的选用 找对先行词，看准从句判断先行词在从句中做什么成分 (1) Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old_ they swam in the river. (2) The days are gone forever_ the Chinese people are looked down upon. (3) Ill never forget the days_ we visited Beijing. Ill never forget
9、 the days _ we spent together. (4) This is the office_ he worked. This is the office _ he worked in This is the office in _ he worked,(5) The reason _ he was late for school is that his car broke down. The reason _ he told me about his being late for school is that his car broke down. (6) Do you hav
10、e anything to say for yourself ?Yes, there is one point _I must insist on. The noise from the karaoke is coming to a point _ we cant put up with it.,热点2 where引导的定语从句 先行词在从句中作地点状语时，用关系副词where,也可以用介词+关系代词. 当先行词为point, case, situation, position, stage, degree等且在从句做地点状语时，用where Today we will discuss a n
11、umber of cases _- beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 2007陕西20 Some preschool children go to a day care center, _ they learn simple games and songs. 2007全国22 All the neighbors admire the family, _ the parents are treating their child like a friend 2008安徽26,热点3 whose引导的定语从句 先行词在从句
12、中作定语, 先行词既可指人也可指物. Whose后肯定有它所修饰的名词. Just like a voyage at sea, our life journey, _ days are limited, is full of difficulties. 2008安徽六校高三联考 A. whose B. that C. its D. whom I visited the scientist _ name is known all over the world . A. whose B. that C. its D. whom,热点4 介词+关系代词 该用哪个介词 ：根据介词与先行词的搭配.根据介
13、词与定语从句谓语动词的搭配.根据定语从句的意思. He was educated at the local high school, _he went to a university. A. after which B. after that C. in which. D .in that I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction _ she had come. A. of which B. by whi
14、ch C. in which D. from which,热点5 as引导的定语从句 As可引导限制性定语从句，特别是当先行词前有such, so ,the same ,as来修饰时.注意：such/so that与such/so as As引导非限制性定语从句是，常代表整个句子. (1) The man showed us so heavy a stone _no one can lift. A. that Bas C. which D. and (2) The man showed us so heavy a stone _ no one can lift _. A. that; it B
15、. as; it C. which; that D. that; which,热点6 代表整个句子的关系代词有as和which 区别：as引导非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前又可在主句后，有时还可插在主句中， 而which引导的非限制性定语从句，只能置于主句之后。 as常常有“正如,如同”之意, 而which无此意。 _ is known to everyone, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. it B. that C .as D. which (2) He didnt study hard and failed to
16、 pass the exam,_ made his parents disappointed. A. it B. that C. as D. which,热点7 定语从句与名词性从句 定语从句与同位语从句之别：定语从句的先行词即名词或代词在从句中做成分，且从句对此词起修饰限制的作用，同位语从句解释说明的那个名词在从句中不做成分. The news _he told me is true. The news _he was elected president is true. _we all know, he has been admitted into Qinghai university.
17、_is known to us all, he has been admitted into Qinghai university. _is known to us all that he has been admitted into Qinghai university. _is known to us all is that he has been admitted into Qinghai university.,热点8 定语从句与强调句型 Where did you get to know her? It was on the farm _we worked.A. that B. th
18、ere C. which D. where It was in the park they first met the couple separated. A. that; that B. which; that C. where; that D. that; where,热点9 定语从句与并列句 In Barcelona the Chinese team got 16 gold medals,12 of _ were won by women. In Barcelona the Chinese team got 16 gold medals, and 12 of _ were won by
19、women.,高考真题 (2013北京)1. Many countries are now setting up national parks_animals and plants can be protected.A. when B. which C. whose D. where (2013福建)2.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected.A. whose B. that C. who D. which (2013安徽)3. Mo Yan was awa
20、rded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, _made one of the Chinese peoples long-held dreams come true.A. it B. that C. what D. which (2013湖南)4. Happiness and success often come to those _ are good at recognizing their own strengths.A. whom B. who C. what D. which,(2013江苏)5. The president of the W
21、orld Bank says he has a passion for China, _he remembers starting as early as his childhood.A. where B. which C. what D. when (2013江西)6. He wrote a letter _ he explains what had happened in the accident. A. what B. which C. where D. how (2013辽宁)7. He may win the competition, _he is likely to get int
22、o the national team. A. in which case B. in that case C. in what case D. in whose case (2013山东)8. There is no simple answer, _ is often the case in science. A. as B. that C. when D. where,(2013山东)9. Finally he reached a lonely island _ was completely cut off from the outside world. A. when B. where
23、C. which D. whom (2013陕西)10. _is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.A. It B. That C. What D. As (2013四川)11. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _ they live.A. what B. which C. when D. where (2013天津)12. We have launched another man-made sa
24、tellite, _is announced in todays newspaper.A.that B.which C. who D. what,(2013新课标) 13.”You cant judge a book by its cover,” _.A. as the saying goes old B. goes as the old sayingC. as the old saying goes D. goes as old the saying (2013重庆)14. John incited about 40 people to his wedding, most of _are f
25、amily membersA them B. that C.which D. whom (2013浙江)15.The children, _ had played the whole day long, were worn out.A all of what B all of which C all of them D all of whom (2013浙江)16The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform _ visitors can watch the bid glasshouses being built.A what B where C when D why,
