1、名词性从句,名词性从句是指一整个从句在句中充当名词的功能。因此可以分为四大类，分别为：主语从句（subject clause）宾语从句（object clause）表语从句（predicative clause） 同位语从句（appositive clause）,His job is important.,What he does is important.,This is his job.,This is what he does every day.,主语,表语,I dont like his job.,I dont like what he does every day.,I dont
2、know about the man, Mr. White.,I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.,宾语,同位语,At lunch time, the radio weatherman reported that it would rain in the afternoon. The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far. What surprised me most was that the old man couldnt see anythin
3、g. The fact that Polly didnt ask for the mans name is a pity.,Predictive Clause (表语从句),Object Clause (宾语从句),Subject Clause (主语从句),Appositive Clause 同位语从句,判断以下句子属于哪种从句,Whether he will go there is not known. He asked me whether I could go with him or not. The fact that she was late surprised us. It is
4、 known to us how he became a writer. She always thinks of how she can work well. That he got the first prize is exciting.,Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. Everything depends on whether we have enough money. He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. It l
5、ooks as if it is going to rain. The news that we won the game is exciting. I have no idea when he will return.,Ive come from Mr Wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon.It is strange that he should do that. Our teacher gave us some advice how we (should) use the computer. I
6、t is certain that he will win the match.,引导名词性从句的关联词,连接代词在句中充当名词的功能，如 I dont know what I should buy. (what 充当buy的宾语。 连接副词在句中充当状语，如 I dont know when he will be back. 连接词在句中不充当成分，只起连接主句和从句的作用，如 I know that he is from China.,提醒:that 不能省略的情况: 一,引导主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句的时候一般不省略,引导宾语从句一般可以省略,但以下情况中也不能省略. 1.跟在宾语从
7、句中介词后面一般不省略如: I know nothing about him except that he loves basketball. 2.that 引导的宾语从句,主从句中间有插入语.如He said, in peoples opinion, that we should learn from mistakes. 3有两个宾语从句.第一个that可以省略,第二个不能省略.如 I think (that) it would rain this afternoon and that we should take the umbrella. 4 it 充当形式宾语时候也不省略如 He ma
8、de it clear that we shouldnt leave until 5 o clock.,只能用whether不能用if的情况.,1.在主语从句,表语从句和同位语从句中只能用whether. 2.碰到不定式也只能用whether.如: He doesnt know whether to stay or not. 3.介词后面也只能用whether,如: It depends on whether he is ready. 4.碰到or not的时候也只能用whether,如 I dont know whether or not they will come to help us.
9、,Whether if 可互换的时候,在宾语从句中跟在及物动词后面可互换.如: I dont know whether/if they will come to help us. 提醒:但是如果是引导条件状语从句,在句中翻译成 “如果”, 这时候只能用if 如 If it rains, we will put off the sports meeting.,友情提示:,在名词性从句中遇到(一坚持insist,二命令order command,等词时候,不管是在主语从句还是宾语从句等中都要用虚拟语气,如: His mom suggested that he should do more spor
10、ts. 宾语从句 It is suggested by his mom that he should do more sports. 主语从句 His moms suggestion is that he should do more sports. 表语从句 The suggestion that he should do more sports is given by his mom. 同位语从句,主语从句,一整个句子充当主语的叫主语从句. 主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether和连接代词what，who，which，whatever等以及连接副词how，when，where，wh
11、y等词引导。连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。友情提醒:that在句中无词义，只起连接作用,但一般不能省略掉如: 他赢得比赛这事情很振奋人心. That he won the game is exciting =It is exciting that he won the game,有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：（1） It + be + 名词 + that从句 如:It is a pity that we wont be able
12、 to go to the south to spend our summer vacation. （2）It + be + 形容词 + that从句 如: It is strange that he should do that. （3）It + be + 动词的过去分词+ that从句It is known to all that the earth moves around the sun. （4）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句 It seems that he has seen the film It happened that he watched the film bef
13、ore.,友情提醒:,1.主语从句中that 不能省略. 2.主语从句中不能用if 来引导. 3.主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有： It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is necessary that we should study hard. It is suggested (requested, proposed, etc.) that It is suggested that we should start earl
14、y. 4.如果主语从句不缺成分，从句又在句首,那么that不能省略.如 That China held a successful Olympic Games is exciting.,友情提示:,主语从句作 主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数， 如: When the meeting will begin has not been decided yet. 如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作 主语时，谓语动词用复数； When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet. When and
15、 where the meeting will begin has not been decided.,主语从句中that 与what 的用法:,That 在句中不充当成分，What 有充当名词的功能，如 We all know _he is going to win. I dont know _I should buy.,that,what,What 和whatever 的区别,What充当名词,有疑问的含义,而whatever指 “无论什么”=anything that如: I didnt understand _ you said just now. You can take_ you
16、want.,Whoever 和no matter who区别,Whoever 既可以引导名词性从句,又可引导主语从句.而no matter who只能引导状语从句，不能引导名词性从句.whatever ,no matter what其他也一样.如: Whoever breaks the law should be punished. (不能用no matter who,因为这是名词性从句). No matter who (或whoever) breaks the law, he or she should be punished. (这是让步状语从句,所以两个都可以用) _you say, I
17、 will believe it. I will believe _you say.,宾语从句,一整个从句在句中充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句.He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. Everything depends on whether we have enough money .,宾语从句注意事项:,1:在demand、order、suggest 等词后宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如： Her boss insisted that she (should) do her work alone. 2. 注意句
18、子语序要用陈述语序。 She always thinks of how she can work well. 3.注意宾语从句中的时态呼应. 当主句动词是过去时态，从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：The teacher told us that Tom had left for America He told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.,4.碰到以下词BEIST: b (believe) ,e (expect
19、), I (imagine), s (suppose), t (think),引起的否定性宾语从句中，要否定前移。 I dont believe he will do so. I dont believe he will do so, will he? she thinks you are right, doesnt she? 主语是第一人称的时候的这些词引导的反意疑问句的时候,应该根据从句来反问.,5.doubt引导的肯定句用whether/if.否定句用that. I doubt whether he will come tomorrow. I dont doubt that he can
20、 do the job well.,表语从句,在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。例如： That is why he didnt come to the meeting. It looks as if it is going to rain. Thats just what I want. 他迟到的原因是因为他今天早上错过了火车. The reason why he was late was that he missed the train this morning . 需要注意的，当主语是reason
21、时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。,友情提示:,1. 表语从句中that一般不省略. 2. 表语从句中不用if,而用whether来引导. 3. because 可引导表语从句,但其他表原因的如since ,for ,as不用于引导表语从句.,同位语从句,同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。,They
22、expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again. We all know the truth that the earth moves around the sun. The problem whether it is right or wrong hasnt been decided yet.,同位语从句和定语从句的区别.,在同位语从句中that不充当成分，但是不能省略掉，而在定语从句中that 有充当成分,当宾语的时候可以省略，当主语的时候不能省略.如: The suggestion that we should discuss the problem together was given by him. 同位语从句 The suggestion that he gave us is that we should discuss the problem together. 定语从句,The news _he won the first prize made everyone happy. 同位语从句 The news_ he told us made everyone happy. 定语从句,
