1、语法 名词性从句（一）,None Clauses As The Object,英语句子的种类,简单句（simple sentence） 并列句（compound sentence） 复合句（complex sentence）,简单句的五种基本句型,1、The weather is very cold.主语+谓语（连系动词）+表语 2、He laughed.主语+谓语（vi.） 3、I like Chinese food.主语+谓语（vt.）+宾语 4、She taught them physics.主语+谓语（vt.）+间接宾语+直接宾语 5、We must keep the room war
2、m.主语+谓语（vt.）+宾语+宾语补足语,并列句：简单句+and/or/but/so+简单句,例如： 1、Youd better start early, or you will be late. 2、Jim studied hard all the time, and he passed the exam successfully. 3、I know where he lives, but I dont know the exact address. 4、I have never heard of the book, so I know nothing about it.,复合句：主句+从
3、句 名词性从句 定语从句 状语从句,1、The boy who is standing over there is Tom. 2、Because it is raining, we have to stay at home. 3、I know (that) he is from America.,定语从句,状语从句,名词性从句,名词性从句：,在功能上相当于名词，在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。主语从句名词性从句 表语从句宾语从句同位语从句,宾语从句 Object Clauses,（简单句） 1、I know him.主语 谓语 宾语（复合句） 2、I know who he is.
4、主语 谓语 连词 从句主语 从句谓语主句 宾语从句,什么是宾语？,I know him.Do you have the time?I think (that) she is beautiful.Why dont you pay attention to me?,宾语 位于谓语动词或者介词后,宾语从句的概念,从句在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。,We know Mr Green teaches English.She asked if these answers were right.,宾语从句的三要素,引导词（连接词）语序时态,一、引导词,1、主句+t
5、hat+从句2、主句+if/whether+从句3、主句+what/who/whom/whose/which /where/how/why/when+从句,不同引导词引导的宾语从句,1、由从属连词that引导的宾语从句,注：that在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略。1、I hear (that) he will be back in an hour. 2、He said (that) he missed us very much. 3、The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun.,that不能省略
6、的两种情况,（1）当that作介词expect、in宾语时They believe in that she must still be single.I know nothing about him expect that he is living in Beijing. （2）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句时（it 常可以放在动词think, find, consider, believe, feel, make等后作为形式宾语，而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾。）I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.We heard
7、it that she would get married next month.,2、由从属连词whether, if引导的宾语从句,If/whether“是否”，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask, wonder, can(could) you tell me等后。 1. I want to know if (whether) he will go to the park with us. 2. Ask him whether (if) he can come.3. I wonder whether it is going to rain or not.4. Could you
8、tell me whether (if) Mr Li lives here?,只能用whether不能用if的情况,1. 在介词后面：Im thinking of whether we should go fishing.We are worried about whether it will rain tomorrow. 2. 在动词不定式前(whether to do sth.)：They asked me whether to go skating. 3. 当与or not 连用，或提出两种选择时：I dont know wether hes free or not. 4. 宾语从句提前
9、时：Whether this is true or not, I cant say.,从句是否定句时，一般用if.,Practice time,if/ whether I asked her she had a bike. Were worried about he is safe. I wonder he is well.I dont know or not he is well. I dont know to go.,Whether/if,Whether/if,whether,whether,whether,由连接代词who, whom, whose, which, what 和连接副词w
10、here, how, why, when引导的宾语从句,代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。 1. He asked who could answer the question. 2. Do you know whom they are waiting for? 3. He asked whose bike was the best in the class. 4. Do you know when well have a meeting? 5. Please tell me where he is. 6. Can you tell me how I c
11、an get to the station? 7. Could you tell me why the train is late?,二、语序,宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：主句+连接词+从句（主语+谓语+其他成分）,例如： 1. When did the train leave? I want to know.I want to know when the train left. 2. Does the shop close at six every day? Do you know?Do you know if/whether the shop closes at six every day?
12、,否定的转移,若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。I dont think you are right.我认为你是错的。I dont believe you will finish the work today.我认为你今天无法完成工作。,三、时态,主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态，根据实际情况而定。I know he lives here.I know he lived here ten years ago.I
13、 have heard that he will come tomorrow.,2. 如果主句是一般过去时，宾语从句应与主句保持一致，即使用过去时态的某种形式。如：He said he was watching TV/ he had swept the floor/ he would play football after school. 3. 如果宾语从句所叙述的是客观事实、自然现象、科学真理等时，从句不受主句限制，用一般现在时。如：Everyone answered there are sixty minutes in an hour.,Summary（小结）,宾语从句三要素,引导词（连接
14、词）,语序,时态,将下列句子合并为一句。 1. Where do they stop on the way? I asked.I asked where they stopped on the way. 2. Do they like to go skiing? He asked.He asked if they liked to go skiing. 3. He will come back. Tom said.Tom said that he would come back. 4. Why is the train late? Would you tell me?Would you tel
15、l me why the train is late?,表语从句,一个从句在复合句中作主句的表语，这个从句就叫作表语从句。我们的目的是他能认识到错误。Our purpose is that he can realize his faults.注意：引导表语从句的连接词一般不省略。问题是它是否值得做。The question is whether it is worth doing.注意：表语从句表示“是否”只用“whether”而不用“if”。,1. 从属连词that（一般不省略为好），whether（不用if），as if（though）等引导的表语从句。,The trouble is th
16、at I have lost his address. 麻烦的是我把他的地址弄丢了。 It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 听起来好像有人在敲门。,2. 连接代词what，which，who，whom，whose等引导的表语从句。,This is what I want to say. 这就是我想说的。 The question is how he did it. 问题是它是如何做此事的。,3. 连接副词when，where，how，why等引导的表语从句。,This is how we overcome the difficulti
17、es. 这就是我们克服困难的方法。,单选,1. Maria has to baby-sit. Thats she cant come out with us.A. why B. how C. when D. what 2. She looked she were ten years old.A. that B. as though C. as D. like 3. It was he worked hard that he succeeded.A. since B. because C. as D. for,4. What the doctors really doubt is my moth
18、er will recover from the serious disease soon.A. when B. how C. whether D. why 5. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that you had a few days off?A. why B. when C. what D. where,句型转换,1、He lives in Beijing.I thinkI think (that) he lives in Beijing. 2、Does Jack come from Japan?Do you know?Do you know whether (if) Jack comes from Japan? 3、Where does he come from?I dont know I dont know where he comes from.,
