1、什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。,主语,主语：主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当它的位置一般在句首,Amy works. My parents work.,Smoking causes a lot of health p
2、roblems.,To finish the homework is easy for us.,What we need is time.,It is my honor to be your teacher.,谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由简单动词或复合动词构成,1. They are teachers. 2. She looks well. 3. He studies hard. 4. He laughed at his classmates. 5. He can speak English.,简单谓语由一个动词或者动词短语构成,1. He practices running eve
3、ry morning. 2. I have a dream. 3. The plane took off at seven oclock. 4. She worked out this problem.,复合谓语1: 情态动词/助动词+动词原形,We could use this reference book to work out the problem precisely. 2. They could accelerate the speed. 3. We have identified the robber. 4. Students dont like doing homework.,复
4、合谓语2: 系动词+表语,I am a teacher. She is happy. Everybody is here. They are at home now. My job is to teach English. Seeing is believing.,其 它 系动词,状态：seem, appear, prove - 感官：smell, feel, taste, sound, look - 变化：become, get, turn, go, come, grow - 持续：remain, stay, keep, continue -,宾语,宾语是谓语动作的承受者，由名词，代词，短语
5、，不定式，动名词，从句充当它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后,She plays the piano. He often helps me. I like watching TV. She likes to go to shop this afternoon. I think that he is good guy.,宾语补足语,Leave the door open. We found John out when we arrived. I saw him enter the hall.The boss keeps them working all day.I heard my n
6、ame called.,起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用 它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现在分词和过去分词充当,宾语补足语：位于宾语之后，对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。,状语,状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等,1. He did it carefully. 2. Without his help, we couldnt work it out. 3. In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.
7、4. I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi. 5. I will tell him when he comes back.,状语,定语,定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用的表示。,The black bike is mine.Whats your name? A broken vase.I have 5 books. A sleeping boy.They made paper flowers.The boy in the room is Jack.This is the place where he works.,同位语：同
8、位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分，近乎于后置定语。如： We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位语，都是指同一批学生） We all are students. / (all是we的同位语，都指同样的我们） I have no idea that you were here.,独立成分： 有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分，称为句子独立成分(注意：区别于分词独立结构)。感叹词：oh,hello,aha,ah,等。 肯定词yes 否定词no 称呼语：称呼人的用语。 插入语：一些句中插入的 I think ,
9、I believe,等。 如: The story,I think,has never come to the end./我相信,这个故事还远没结束. 情态词,表示说话人的语气（多作为修饰全句的状语）:perhaps也许,maybe大概,acturely实际上,certainly当然，等。,五大基本句型,基本句型 一： （主谓） 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。, （不及物动词） 1. The moon rose. 2. Who cares? 管它呢？ 3. They talked for half
10、an hour. 4. What he said does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系,基本句型 二： （主系表） 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。 （是系动词） 1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner smells good. 6. His face turned red.他的脸红了。 7. Our well has gone dry. 我们井干枯了。 8. The troubleis that t
11、hey are short of money.,基本句型 三： （主谓宾） 此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。 （及物动词） 1. Who knows the answer? 谁知道答案？ 2. He enjoys reading. 他喜欢看书。 3. He said “Good morning.“ 4. I want to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。 5. They ate what was left over. 他们吃了剩饭。,基本句型 四： （主谓间宾直宾）有些及
12、物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give给，pass递，bring带，show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。 一般的顺序为：动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。如：Give me a cup of tea,please. （及物） （多指人） （多指物） 1. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 2. He brought you a dictionary. 3. I showed him my pictures. 4. I told him that the bus was late. 我告
13、诉他汽车晚点了。,基本句型 五： （主谓宾宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。 The war made him a soldier. New methods make the job easy. I often find him at work. The teacher ask the students to close the windows. I saw a cat running across the road.,1. What he wants is a book. 2. He do
14、esnt know where the post office is. 3. This is why we put off the meeting. 4. The news that they won the match is ture. 5. I will tell him when he comes back.,1 2. Without his help, we couldnt work it out. 3. In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard. 4. I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi. 5. I will tell him when he comes back.,从UNIT 3 的课文中任选5个句子抄写在作业本，分析句子成分。整理课堂笔记，及时巩固。,
