1、Unit 2 Smart Cars,Automobile (美)各种机动车总称Vehicle交通工具，车Car (英)尤指小轿车 (美)小轿车，四轮马车,Types of Automobile,Convertible 敞篷双门轿跑车 SUV-Sports Utility Vehicle 多功能运动车 Off-road vehicle 越野车 Sports Coupe 硬顶跑车,MPV-Multi-Purpose Vehicle多功能车 Classical car 老爷车 Recreational Car 房车 Conceptual Car 概念车 Pick-up皮卡(小卡车),Automobi
2、le Brands,Ferrari Citreoen Peugeot Mitsubishi Honda Toyota Porsche Chevrolet Volkswagen Ford Buick Lamborghini Rolls Royce,BMW-Bavarian Motor Works宝马 Jaguar捷豹 Benz奔驰 Hummer 悍马 (原意为“蜂鸟”，悍马多数为大型吉普车、房车) Cadillac凯迪拉克 the Cadillac of sth一流的，最好的，顶级的,How much do you know about smart cars?,Warm-up discussio
3、n,What do you imagine a smart car can do?talk to the driver?drive on its own?warn the driver of dangers?locate the car?sense the driving conditions nearby?,Smart is short for Swatch Mercedes ART. 2. Smart car is a vehicle equipped with multimedia digital systems, such as sensors, in-car navigational
4、 systems, Global Positioning Systems, small radars to make driving safe and fast, so its versatile. 3. It is an application of artificial intelligence in vehicles. 4. It plays an important role in Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS).,Terms of smart cars:,sensor(L10) monitor(L24) bumper(L25) dashboar
5、d(L33) orbiting satellite(L40) receiver(L49) navigation(L53) microchip(L56) radio transmitter(L65) rear-view mirror,传感器 监控 保险杠 仪表板 沿轨道运行的卫星 (信号)接受器 导航 微芯片 无线电信号发射机 后视镜,Terms of roads:,Highway (L63): Expressway Underground / subway Light rail (elevated railway) Inner-ring road Outer-ring road Elevate
6、d road; viaduct Over-pass Mag-lev train: Magnetically levitated train,公路，国道,高速公路,高架,天桥,Part Division of the Text,The prospect of future smart cars,Features of future smart cars,The building of smart highways,Global Reading,The effects of the computer revolution on cars,The status of the automobile i
7、ndustry,Key to tomorrows “smart car”,Monitoring the drivers state (alcoholic),Monitoring the driving conditions,Global Reading,Monitoring the drivers state (sleepy),Locating the position, warning you of jams,Counting the distance,Smart cars in Japan,The vast application of GPS in the future,Global R
8、eading,Building of smart highways,Automated driver,Prospect of telematics,The Introductory Paragraph,Smart cars that can see, hear, feel, smell, and talk? And drive on their own? This may sound like a dream, but the computer revolution is set to turn it into a reality.,be (all) set for sth. / to do
9、sth.: be quite ready,Part1 Questions,How important was the automobile industry in the twentieth century? What will happen to cars and roads in the twenty-first century? What is the crucial element of the future smart cars?,Part1 (Paras13),Main idea:Computer technology will have a dramatic impact on
10、_ and _ in the 21st century.,cars,highways,1. Even the automobile industry, which has remained largely unchanged for the last seventy years, is about to feel the effects of the computer revolution.,2.The automobile industry ranks as among the most lucrative and powerful industries of the twentieth c
11、entury. There are presently 500 million cars on earth, or one car for every ten people. Sales of the automobile industry stand at about a trillion dollars, making it the worlds biggest manufacturing industry.,3. The car, and the roads it travels on, will be revolutionized in the twenty-first century
12、. The key to tomorrows “smart cars” will be sensors. “Well see vehicles and roads that see and hear and feel and smell and talk and act,” predicts Bill Spreitzer, technical director of General Motors Corporations ITS program, which is designing the smart car and road of the future.,Part I (p13) -The
13、 impact of new technology on cars and highways of future,Part2 True or False,1. There are so many people killed in the car accidents that car accidents reports can be found in newspaper nearly everyday. 2. A smart car can alert the driver if he becomes drowsy. 3. The computer in the car will totally
14、 eliminate the cases of getting lost and getting stuck in traffic.,F,T,F,Part2 True or False,4. The computer in the car sends out a radio signal that can be detected by a satellite. 5. By establishing the relation between the rotations in the steering wheel and the cars position on a map, the comput
15、er can tell us where the car is.,F,T,Part2 (Paras49),Main idea: features of future smart cars 1. _ most car accidents (para4) 2. _ the police if the car is stolen (para4) 3. _ ones driving and the driving conditions nearby (para5) 4. alert the driver who feels _ (para6) 5. _ the car precisely and _
16、traffic jams. (para7),eliminate,alert,monitor,sleepy,locate,warn of,Part2 Terms in quotation marks or with capitalized first letters,“blind spot”(L27)a portion of the road behind a car, which a driver cant observe from the rear-view mirrorGlobal Positioning System(L42)a service linked with a satelli
17、te“atomic clock”(L46)It vibrates at a precise frequency, according to the laws of the quantum theory.,4. Approximately 40,000 people are killed each year in the United States in traffic accidents. The number of people that are killed or badly injured in car accidents is so vast that we dont even bot
18、her to mention them in the newspapers anymore.,What is the main idea of the third and the forth paragraphs?,5. Smart cars have already been built which can monitor ones driving and the driving conditions nearby. Small radars hidden in the bumpers can scan for nearby cars. Should you make a serious d
19、riving mistake (e.g., change lanes when there is a car in your “blind spot”) the computer would sound an immediate warning.,Fully half of these fatalities come from drunk drivers, and many others from carelessness. A smart car could eliminate most of these car accidents. It can sense if a driver is
20、drunk via electronic sensors that can pick up alcohol vapor in the air, and refuse to start up the engine. The car could also alert the police and provide its precise location if it is stolen.,What is the main idea of the fifth paragraph?,fatal fatality mortal - mortality,6. At the MIT Media Lab, a
21、prototype is already being built which will determine how sleepy you are as you drive, which is especially important for long-distance truck drivers. The monotonous, almost hypnotic process of staring at the center divider for long hours is a grossly underestimated, life-threatening hazard. To elimi
22、nate this, a tiny camera hidden in the dashboard can be trained on a drivers face and eyes. If the drivers eyelids close for a certain length of time and his or her driving becomes erratic, a computer in the dashboard could alert the driver.,What is the main idea of the sixth paragraph?,7. Two of th
23、e most frustrating things about driving a car are getting lost and getting stuck in traffic. While the computer revolution is unlikely to cure these problems, it will have a positive impact. Sensors in your car tuned to radio signals from orbiting satellites can locate your car precisely at any mome
24、nt and warn of traffic jams. We already have twenty-four,Navstar satellites orbiting the earth, making up what is called the Global Positioning System. They make it possible to determine your location on the earth to within about a hundred feet.,What is the main idea of the seventh paragraph?,At any
25、 given time, there are several GPS satellites orbiting overhead at a distance of about 11,000 miles. Each satellite contains four “atomic clocks,” which vibrate at a precise frequency, according to the laws of the quantum theory.,8. As a satellite passes overhead, it sends out a radio signal that ca
26、n be detected by a receiver in a cars computer. The cars computer can then calculate how far the satellite is by measuring how long it took for the signal to arrive. Since the speed of light is well known, any delay in receiving the satellites signal can be converted into a distance.,What is the mai
27、n idea of the eighth paragraph?,量子理论,9. In Japan there are already over a million cars with some type of navigational capability. (Some of them locate a cars position by correlating the rotations in the steering wheel to its position on a map.),What is the main idea of the ninth and tenth paragraphs
28、?,The detailed information of the impact of new technology on cars,Future cars will help eliminate traffic accidents, determined their own precise locations warn of traffic jam,Part 3 Summarize main ideas of paragraphs,Para 10 Para 11Para 12 Para 13,The prospects for applications of GPS.,The eventua
29、l goal of “telematics” is to put smart cars on smart highways.,What is an “automated driver”?,The hopes promoters of the smart highway have for its future.,Part3 (Paras1013),Main idea:_ and _will make it possible to build smart highways.,GPS,telematics,Part3 Terms in quotation marks or with capitali
30、zed first letters,“telematics”(L62)tele-distant matics-informaticsa branch of knowledge concerned with long-distance transmission “automated driver”(L69)The plan calls for computers, aided by controlled by computer.,Part3 (Paras1013),Para10 L57 What does “the commercial industry” refer to?,It refers
31、 to the industry to which GPS is applied commercially.,Paraphrase the sentence “The commercial industry”,The commercial industry is bound to develop rapidly and be prosperous.,10. With the price of microchips dropping so drastically, future applications of GPS are virtually limitless. “The commercia
32、l industry is poised to explode,” says Randy,Hoffman of Magellan Systems Corp., which manufactures navigational systems. Blind individuals could use GPS sensors in walking sticks, airplanes could land by remote control, hikers will be able to locate their position in the woodsthe list of potential u
33、ses is endless.,What is the main idea of the ninth and tenth paragraphs?,11. GPS is actually but part of a larger movement, called “telematics,” which will eventually attempt to put smart cars on smart highways. Prototypes of such highways already exist in Europe, and experiments are being made in C
34、alifornia to mount computer chips, sensors, and radio transmitters on highways to alert cars to traffic jams and obstructions. 12. On an eight-mile stretch of Interstate 15 ten miles north of San Diego, traffic engineers are installing an MIT-designed system which will introduce the “automated drive
35、r.” The plan calls for computers, aided by thousands of three-inch magnetic spikes buried in the highway, to take complete control of the driving of cars on heavily trafficked roads. Cars will be bunched into groups of ten to twelve vehicles, only six feet apart, traveling in unison, and controlled
36、by computer.,What is the main idea of the eleventh and twelfth paragraphs?,13. Promoters of this computerized highway have great hopes for its future. By 2010, telematics may well be incorporated into one of the major highways in the United States. If successful, by 2020, as the price of microchips
37、drops to below a penny a piece, telematics could be adopted in thousands of miles of highways in the United States. This could prove to be an environmental boon as well, saving fuel, reducing traffic jams, decreasing air pollution, and serving as an alternative to highway expansion.,What is the main
38、 idea of the thirteenth paragraph?,The impact of new technology on highways,Analyze the structure of this sentence.,“Should” is often used in subordinate clauses after “if” - it makes an event sound less probable. If you should see Harry, give him my regards. (You might see him.)In British English,
39、the structure “if + subject + should + verb” is often replaced by “Should + subject + verb”. Should you see Harry, give him my regards.,You must be familiar with the word “train”, but how do you understand the word in this sentence?,Here “train” means to focus on or aim at.,Paraphrase this sentence.
40、,There are sensors in the car and they are tuned to radio signals which come from orbiting satellites. The sensors can locate the car and warn of traffic jams.,Translate the sentence into Chinese.,通过这些卫星我们有可能以小于100英尺的误差确定你在地球上的方位。,Explain how the navigational facilities help locate the cars position
41、.,They locate the cars position by establishing the relation between the rotations in the wheel and the cars position on a map.,1. What does “the commercial industry” refer to?,It refers to the industry to which GPS is applied commercially.,2. Paraphrase the sentence.,The commercial industry is boun
42、d to develop rapidly and be prosperous.,1. How much do you know about the Interstate in the U.S.?,Interstate is one of a system of highways extending between and connecting the major cities of the United States.,2. What does “stretch” mean?,It means a continuous or unbroken length.,3.Translate this
43、part into Chinese.,在圣迭戈以北10英里的15号州际公路一段8英里长的路面上,1.Paraphrase the structure “may well be ”,is very likely that ,2.Translate this sentence into Chinese.,到2010年，远程信息技术很可能应用于美国的一条主要公路。,rank (L4) v. put or arrange in a rank; have a place 位列,rank among/as 属于之列，列在当中 He ranks among our greatest writers. 他跻身
44、于我们最伟大的作家之列。 伦敦可算是世界最大城市之一。London ranks as one of the worlds largest cities.,Words and Phrases,lucrative (L4) adj. producing much money; profitable 有利的；赚钱的,a lucrative income 一笔利润收入 a lucrative marketing strategy 一套赢利的市场策略,我们和一家美国公司做大米进口的生意，赚了些钱。,We made a lucrative business with the American compan
45、y on rice imports.,How do you understand the word “stand”?,“Stand” is used to show a particular level or amount. For example: Inflation currently stands at nine per cent. Your bank balance stands at $460.,2. Translate the sentence into Chinese.,汽车工业的销售额达一万亿美元左右，从而成为世界上最大的制造业。,manufacture: vt.,1) mak
46、e goods on a large scale using machinery,This firm manufactures cars.,在工厂制造产品,to manufacture goods in a factory,2) invent; make up,Youll have to manufacture some kind of excuse.,她编了一段谎话来掩盖事实。,She manufactured a false story to hide the facts.,manufacture & make 这两个词都是动词，都有制造之意。,Manufacture 使用范围较窄，既可指
47、通过使用工业机械，亦指粗制滥造以一种机械的方式创作、制作或完成。例如：,His books seem to have been manufactured rather than composed.,他的作品像是被机器加工出的，而不是创作的。,Make 通用且非正式，可用于所有的制造过程。例如：,He made a model plane out of wood.,他用木头做了一架模型飞机。,revolutionize (L9) v. change in a dramatic way,-ize: suffix for a verb (usu. 化） 现代化 全球化 城市化 工业化 系统化,mod
48、ernize globalize urbanize industrialize systemize,Paraphrase the sentence and pay attention to the structure “the key to sth.”,The crucial element of the future smart cars will be sensors.,eg. find the key to the question Diet is the key to good heath.,approximately: fairly correct or accurate but n
49、ot completely so,The car accident happened at approximately 7:45 a.m.approximate adj. 近乎准确; 近似; 大概 The approximate number of demonstrators in front of the municipal office building was 900.an approximate analysis 大概的分析 be approximate to 近似, 约计,eliminate: vt. remove, esp. sb./sth. that is not wanted or needed; get rid of used in the patterns: eliminate sth.; eliminate sth. from sth.) 消灭；消除,Pattern: eliminate sth. (from sth.) eliminate illiteracy/povertyCan we ever eliminate hunger from the world one day?她已被取消了参加游泳比赛的资格。She has been eliminated from the swimming race.,
