1、记 叙 文,记叙文，是以叙述为主要表达方式，以写人物的经历和事物发展变化为主要内容的一种文体。记叙文包括的范围很广，如记人记事、日记、游记、传说、新闻、通讯小说等，都属于记叙文的范畴。记叙文写的是生活中的见闻，因此，时常伴随着作者真实情感的流露，往往在记叙的过程中会夹杂着抒情和议论。,一、了解文体特点 高考中，记叙文多与中学生熟悉的话题有关。掌握记叙文要抓住以下特点：六个要素就是指我们常常提到的人物、时间、地点、事件、原因、经过等等，即5个W (who, when, where, why, what) 和一个H (how)。2. 常用线索记叙文的线索是贯穿全文、将材料串连起来的一条主线，它把文
2、章的各个部分连结成一个统一、和谐的有机体。常用的线索有人物发展的线索、事件发展的线索、时间线索、地点线索、人物思想感情的变化线索等。把握行文线索可以把握作者的写作思路和通篇的结构。,3. 记叙顺序记叙文的顺序通常有三种，即顺叙、倒叙和插叙。而以前两种情况居多。4. 写作意图就是作者通过讲故事想要揭示的道理，或是证明某一理论，或是阐明某一概念，或同人分享快乐，或是赞美或谴责某种行为，等等。,二、掌握阅读技巧 1. 把握故事整体找出文章六要素，然后按照线索弄清楚事情的来龙去脉，理解文脉进而把握故事的整体。 2. 注意记叙顺序特别遇上倒叙的文章时，可以先读完通篇之后按照故事本来情节分析理解。 3.
3、抓主旨明细节抓住重要细节有助于把握文章主旨和作者意图，更好地解决具体的问题。 4. 多问为什么读完故事后问故事讲了什么？故事想告诉我们什么？有助于我们深入地挖掘和领会作者的写作意图。,On October 17, 1826, Carlyle married his secretary Jane Welsh. She was an intelligent, attractive and somewhat temperamental daughter of a well-to-do doctor. They had their quarrels and misunderstandings, but
4、 still loved each other dearly.,1. Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the passage? A. After marriage, Jane became a full-time housewife. B. Quarrels and misunderstandings didnt lessen Janes love for Carlyle. C. Carlyle spared more time for Jane after she was ill. D. Jane got cance
5、r and soon was forced to stay in bed.,B. Quarrels and misunderstandings didnt lessen Janes love for Carlyle.,2. C 词义猜测题。由第二段中的“quarrels and misunderstandings”，并通过构词法temperamental中包含“temper”可猜出，该词大意为“情绪无常，易喜易怒的”。,On October 17, 1826, Carlyle married his secretary Jane Welsh. She was an intelligent, a
6、ttractive and somewhat temperamental daughter of a well-to-do doctor. They had their quarrels and misunderstandings, but still loved each other dearly.,2. The underlined word “temperamental” in Paragraph 1 probably means.bad-tempered B. easy-going C. easily angry or excited D. out-going,3. C 推理判断题。由
7、文章中的“wishing so much he had a chance to do it differently”和文中最后一段作者反复重复的“If I had only known, if I had only known.”可知主人公非常悔恨。, wishing so much he had a chance to do it differently. Noticing her diary on a table beside the bed, he picked it up and began to read it. Suddenly he seemed shocked. His eye
8、s were red from weeping. He kept repeating over and over again, “If I had only known, if I had only known.”,3. Which of the following words can best describe Carlyles feeling? disappointed B. Hopeless C. regretful D. desperate,C. regretful,4. Based on the passage, if Carlyle had only known, he shoul
9、d_ .not have quarreled with Jane B. have spent more time with Jane C. have read Janes diary early D. not have made Jane misunderstand him., Although Carlyle loved her dearly, he seldom found time to stay with her long. wishing so much he had a chance to do it differently. ,4. B 推理判断题。由第三段的“Although
10、Carlyle loved her dearly, he seldom found time to stay with her long”和第四段的“wishing so much he had a chance to do it differently”可推断出答案为B。,B. have spent more time with Jane,Thomas Carlyle lived from 1795 until 1881. But he was a human and humans make mistakes.,Jane died, leaving Carlyle in deep sorro
11、w. He sat there thinking about how little time he had spent with her and wishing so much he had a chance to do it differently. ,5. The authors main purpose in writing the text is to . A. introduce Thomas Carlyle, a famous essayist and historian. B. show people the family life of Thomas Carlyle. C. r
12、emind others not to make the same mistake as Carlyle did. D. tell the deep love between Carlyle and Jane.,C. remind others not to make the same mistake as Carlyle did.,(2),After the unforgettably initial shock, he remembered the promise he had made to his son: “No matter what, Ill always be there fo
13、r you!” And tears began to fill his eyes. As he looked at the pile of ruins that once was the school, it looked hopeless, but he kept remembering his commitment to his son.,1. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. Over 30,000 people were killed in the initial shock. B. Most
14、 of the buildings in America were destroyed. C. The earthquake only lasted for four minutes. D. The earthquake left the city in chaos.,1. C细节理解题。通过文章第二段可知A, B, D 三个答案是正确的。而C选项表述有误，“killing over 30,000 people in less than four minutes”中的四分钟是指“initial shake”是首震，地震还没有结束。因此可知答案为C。,After the unforgettabl
15、y initial shock, he remembered the promise he had made to his son: “No matter what, Ill always be there for you!” And tears began to fill his eyes. As he looked at the pile of ruins that once was the school, it looked hopeless, but he kept remembering his commitment to his son.,2. The underlined wor
16、d “commitment” in Paragraph 2 probably means. A. devotion B. admission C. promise D. mission,2. C 词义猜测题。由第二段中的“he remembered the promise he had made to his son:”可知答案。,C. promise,Courageously he went on alone because he needed to know for himself: “Is my boy alive or dead?” . He screamed his sons nam
17、e, “ARMAND!” He heard back, “Dad!?! Its me, Dad! I told the other kids not to worry. I told them that if you were alive, youd save me and when you saved me, theyd be saved. You promised, no matter what happens, Youll always be there for me! You did it, Dad!”,3. From the last paragraph we can infer _
18、. A. The father found his son alive in the 38th hour. B. The son is brave and believes in his father. C. Armand and other kids were all trapped under the ruins. D. The father went on digging all by himself.,B. The son is brave and believes in his father.,Courageously he went on alone because he need
19、ed to know for himself: “Is my boy alive or dead?” . He screamed his sons name, “ARMAND!” He heard back, “Dad!?! Its me, Dad! I told the other kids not to worry. I told them that if you were alive, youd save me and when you saved me, theyd be saved. You promised, no matter what happens, Youll always
20、 be there for me! You did it, Dad!”,4. Whats most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows? A. Appreciation from the parents whose children were saved. B. How to save the kids under the ruins. C. The happy reunion between father and son. D. The great loss the earthquake resulted in for t
21、he school.,B. How to save the kids under the ruins.,5. The purpose of writing the text is to_ . A. report a destructive earthquake in American history. B. emphasize the great loss resulting from the earthquake. C. praise a father who managed to save his son during an earthquake. D. educate people no
22、t to give up easily when in difficulty.,5. C 意图理解题。本文为一篇记叙文，通过文中四、五段虽然被多次劝阻停止挖掘但是这位伟大的父亲还是坚持挖掘了38小时，直至找到儿子。因此，作者旨在歌颂这位伟大的父亲。,(3)My son Joey was born with club feet. The doctors assured us that with treatment he would be able to walk normallybut would never run very well. The first three years of his
23、 life were spent in surgery. By the time he was eight, you wouldnt know he had a problem when you saw him walk.,1. If one was born with club feet, he_ .can never walk normally like others B. could be good at running C. has to stay in hospital for long D. has feet which are badly shaped,D. has feet w
24、hich are badly shaped,The children in our neighborhood ran around as most children do during play, and Joey would join right in and run and play, too. We never told him that he probably wouldnt be able to run as well as the other children. So he didnt know.,2. Which of the following statements is NO
25、T true about Joey? A. He has gone through many surgeries. B. He can walk as normal people at eight. C. He dared not run around like other children. D. He trained harder in the cross-country team.,2. C 细节理解题。通过第二段“Joey would join right in and run and play, too.”的表述，可知答案。,Two weeks later, the names of
26、 the team runners were announced. Joey was number six on the list. Joey had made the team. He was in the seventh gradethe other six team members were all eighth-graders. We never told him he shouldnt expect to make the team. We never told him he couldnt do it .so he didnt know. He just did it.,3. Th
27、e underlined phrase “make the team” probably means . be a member of the team B. be a success in the team C. make up a team D. catch up with the team,be a member of the team,Two weeks later, the names of the team runners were announced. Joey was number six on the list. Joey had made the team. He was
28、in the seventh gradethe other six team members were all eighth-graders. We never told him he shouldnt expect to make the team. We never told him he couldnt do it .so he didnt know. He just did it.,4. According to the passage, Joeys hard-work resulted in . A. his having a high fever B. his winning th
29、e chance to score points for school. C. his running as well as other teammates. D. making his team win.,B. his winning the chance to score points for school.,5. What can we learn from the text? A. Hard work and perseverance can work wonders. B. God helps those who help themselves. C. Parental love i
30、s deep as the sea. D. No pains, no gains.,5. A 主旨大意题。文章中不断贯穿的线索是Joey “working hard and never stop”，并且通过最后的结果“Joey made the team”可知对于一个有畸形足的孩子，是他的刻苦和毅力创造了奇迹。,(4),But I had done the normal “motherly” things, like making sure my daughter get to ballet and gym lessons. I went to all of her school concer
31、ts, parent-teacher conferences and open houses alone. I ran interference during my husbands rage when something was spilled at the dinner table, telling her, “It will be okay, Honey. Daddys not really mad at you.” I did all I could to protect her from hearing the awful shouting and accusations after
32、 he returned from a night of drinking. Finally I did the best thing I could do for my daughter and myself: I removed us from the home that wasnt really a home at all.,1. The following things are considered “motherly” things EXCEPT . A. taking children go to ballet and gym lessons B. attending parent
33、-teacher conferences and open houses C. going to childrens school concerts D. maintaining an abusive marriage,1. D 推理判断题。通过第二段对“motherly things”的具体描述，用排除法，可知答案为D。,But I had done the normal “motherly” things, Daddys not really mad at you.” I did all I could to protect her from hearing the awful shout
34、ing and accusations after he returned from a night of drinking. ,2. The underlined word “rage” in Paragraph 2 probably means . A. blame B. anger C. beating D. abuse,2. B 词义猜测题。通过第二段，由“rage”而引发的结果就是“awful shouting and accusations”可知，先是“生气、愤怒”，然后大声叫嚷和责备。,B. anger,But I had done the normal “motherly” t
35、hings, like making sure my daughter get to ballet and gym lessons. I removed us from the home that wasnt really a home at all.,3. Which of the following is Not true based on the text? A. The writers husband gets angry easily after drinking. B. The little girl is quite afraid of his father. C. The wr
36、iter tries hard to protect her daughter from abuse. D. The writer managed to survive her marriage at last.,3. D 细节理解题。由第二段“I removed us from the home that wasnt really a home at all”可知答案为D。,That was the day I really became a mom. I discovered that being a mom isnt only going to ballet and gym recita
37、ls, and attending every school concert and open house. It isnt keeping a spotless house and preparing perfect meals. It certainly isnt pretending things are normal when they are not. For me, being a mom started when I could laugh over spilled milk,4. What can we infer from Paragraph 3? A. The mother
38、 and daughter started their new life happily. B. The little girl is careless and naughty. C. A calm and quite dinner is what they wanted most. D. The writer laughed over spilled milk.,4. A 推理判断题。由第四段的与过去的家里不同，母女两人可以安静、平和地吃晚餐而不用担心犯错而遭来的谩骂和“They were tears of joy and peace”可知，答案为A。,The day I became a
39、mom was not the day my daughter was born, but seven years later. ,That was the day I really became a mom. For me, being a mom started when I could laugh over spilled milk.,5. The text is mainly written to explain . the important of family to children B. the real role of being a mother C. how great t
40、he motherly love is D. how to get on well with your children,B. the real role of being a mother,The men talked for hours on end. They spoke of their wives and families, their homes, their jobs, their involvement in the military service. And every afternoon when the man in the bed by the window could
41、 sit up, he would pass the time by describing to his roommate all the things he could see outside the window.,(5),1. Whats the probable relationship between the two men?Brothers B. Relatives C. Fellow soldiers D. Strangers,1. C 推理判断题。由第二段前二句可知，尤其“their involvement in the military service”是关键信息。,2. T
42、he underlined word “deceased” in Paragraph 7 can be replaced by . A. weak B. sick C. dead D. kind,2. C 词义猜测题。通过文章描述“who had died peacefully in his sleep”与词汇的词形来猜测，可知答案。,One morning, the nurse arrived to bring water for their baths only to find the lifeless body of the man by the window, who had died
43、 peacefully in his sleep. As soon as it seemed appropriate, the other man asked if he could be moved next to the window. The nurse was happy to make the switch, and after making sure he was comfortable, she left him alone. Slowly, painfully, he held himself up on one elbow to take his first look out
44、 of the window.,The man in the other bed began to live for those periods where his world would be broadened and enlivened by all the activity and color of the world outside.,3. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. The hospital is next to a park with a lake. B. The vivid description made the
45、 other man full of hope. C. The two patients switched their bed out of willingness. D. The nurse helped the man sit up to look outside.,3. B 细节理解题。通过对文章进行细节的排除，并通过第三段描述“his world would be broadened and enlivened by all the activity and color of the world outside”可知。,However, it faced a blank wall. T
46、he man asked the nurse what could have caused his deceased roommate to describe such wonderful things outside this window. The nurse responded that the man was blind and could not even see the wall. She said, “Perhaps he just wanted to encourage you.”,4.The man next to the window can be described as
47、_ . A. dishonest and cunning B. talkative and annoying C. kind and encouraging D. generous and inspiring,4. C 推理判断题。由文章中的最后一段的理解，虽然逝去的病人是盲人，但却不断地通过描述窗外的景色来鼓舞另外一个病人，可知答案。,5. The purpose of the writing is to_ . A. uncover the purpose of the mans telling white lies B. show the boredom of being confined
48、 to hospital C. praise the kindness of the nurse who worked hard D. introduce how two patients pass time in hospital,5. A 主旨大意题。由最后一段中的“the man was blind and could not even see the wall”与“Perhaps he just wanted to encourage you”可知答案。,However, it faced a blank wall. The man asked the nurse what could
49、 have caused his deceased roommate to describe such wonderful things outside this window. The nurse responded that the man was blind and could not even see the wall. She said, “Perhaps he just wanted to encourage you.”,议 论 文,议论文也就是说理的文章，通常由论点、论据、论证过程和结论组成。 一、了解文体特点为了突出写作目的，作者常在文章开头就提出论点，以便读者对作者观点有一个比较清晰的了解。提出论点之后，作者就会提供论据来论证论点是否正确。作者可以用来论证的方法较多，最为常见的方法是正反论证，这样的论证思路清晰，观点明确，说服力强，震憾度高。论证结束之后，作者常就论点是否正确提出明确结论，它体现作者的写作目的和文章的现实意义。总之，议论文一般会按提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的逻辑顺序来安排层次。,
