1、THE ATTRIBUTIVECLAUSE,定语 The attribute,eg. Bob is a bad apple.,The students in the reading-room are our classmates.,修饰主语、宾语、表语的句子就叫做定语从句。 引导定语从句的关联词有：,定语从句 Attributive Clauses,关系代词：who, whomwhose, which, that,关系副词：when, where,定语从句的位置,定语从句一定放在被修饰成分之后。,eg.This is the car which he bought last year.,先行词
2、,定语从句,定语从句,限制性定语从句,非限制性定语从句,定语从句可分为：,1)限制性定语从句,限制性定语从句与它的先行词之间在语义上有着不可分割的联系，如果去掉定语从句就会使主句意思不明确。,eg.The boy who is playing on the grass is her brother.,eg.A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.,2)非限制性定语从句,非限制性定语从句与主句的关系不是很密切,它仅对先行词作一些附加说明，如果去掉，并不影响先行词所指的意义,主句的意思仍然清楚。,eg.Marrys broth
3、er, who is an engineer,works in my factory.,eg.They will fly to Kungming, where theyplan to stay for two days.,在限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法：,1) who 指人，在从句中作主语。,He is the man who visited our schoolyesterday.,He is the man.,He visited our school yesterday.,The man was Marrys brother.He called this morning.,The ma
4、n who called this morning was Marrys brother.,Do you know the man?He spoke just now.,Do you know the man who spoke just now?,2) whom指人，在从句中作宾 语，可省略。,Do you know the man (whom) we saw at the Beijing Hotel?,We talked about the persons.We visited them last year.,We talked about the persons (whom) we vi
5、sited last year.,The girl is from America.,I called her just now.,The girl I called just now is from America.,which 指物，在句中作主语 或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。,eg. Im not interested in the book which has just been published.,eg.I dont want to read the letter (which)she has written.,I have read the newspaper.,It carries
6、 the important news.,I have read the newspaper which carries the important news.,I showed him the letter.,I received it this morning.,I showed him the letter (which) I received this morning.,4）that指人或物， 在从句中做 主语或宾语, 作宾语时可以省 略。,eg. The house that Im going to buy faces south.,eg. A plane is a machine
7、that can fly.,Theyre talking about the film.,I have seen the film.,Theyre talking about the film (that) Ive seen.,Jane has borrowed the book.,It was written by Laoshe.,Jane has borrowed the book that was written by Laoshe.,* 先行词前有下列词语修饰时, 定语从句必须用 that 引导。,all, every, any, little, few, much, no, only
8、, very, the + 序数词, the + 形容词最高级,eg. This is the cleanest park that you can imagine.,eg. This is the only book that has been written in French.,eg. He talked about the things and persons he had visited in the city.,* 在 who 或 which 引导的特殊疑问句中，限制性定语从句必须用 that 引导。,that,eg. Who is the man is standing over
9、 there.,that,*当先行词由人和物两部分组成时，限制性定 语从句必须用 that 引导。,* 先行词在从句中作表语时, 限制性定语从句通常用 that 引导。(常可省略),eg. She is no longer the girl that she was before she went to the country.,5) whose 指人或物，在 从句中作定语。,eg. Thats the man whose house wasburned down.,eg. I saw some old buildings whose windowswere all broken.,The g
10、irl got first. Her father had given us a report.,The girl whose father had given us a report got first.,That is the machine.The parts of it are too small to see.,Thats the machine whose parts are too small to see.,6.在非限制性定语从句 中关系代词的用法：,在非限制性定语从句中，通常用who, whom, whose 指人，用 which 指物。,eg.Then he met Mar
11、y, who invited him to a party.,eg.Here is John Smith, who(m) I talked about the other day.,Last year she bought this car, which cost her$10,000 .,Last year she bought this house, for which she paid her life savings.,I congratulated Mr Jones, whose son had won the high jump.,在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语通常不能省略。
12、,*,eg.My sister, whom you spoke to at the meeting, wants to study history.,* which 在非限制性定语从句中，还可指其前面整个主句，即以整个主句作先行词。,eg.They said they were French, which was not true.,先行词在从句中做介词宾语，介词有两种位置一是紧跟在先行词后；二是位于句尾或动词后。,Prep.+,whom,which,7.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句,The people with whom we are staying are very friendly t
13、o us.,The people we are staying with are very friendly to us.,This is the house.A famous writer once lived in it.,This is the house in which a famous writer once lived.,I will never forget the day.,I joined the League on the day.,I will never forget the day on which I joined the League.,The lady los
14、t her purse.,Mr Smith is talking to her.,The lady to whom Mr Smith is talking lost her purse.,The lady (that )Mr Smith is talking to lost her purse.,*如果介词与其前面的动词是固定搭配的动词短语，介词不可前置。,Bob found the dictionary.,I had been looking for it.,Bob found the dictionary (that) I had been looking for.,1) when 指时间
15、，在从句中作状语。,eg.Do you remember the day when we went to Xian together.,8.关系副词的用法：,I was born in the year.,The Second World War broke out in the year.,I was born in the year when the Second World War broke out.,=I was born in the year in which the Second World War broke out.,2) where指地点，在句中作状语。,eg.I hav
16、e been to the place where Jane was born.,The house is going to be rebuilt.,We put our tools in it.,The house where we put our tools is going to be rebuilt.,=The house in which we put our tools is going to be rebuilt.,=The house (that) we put our tools in is going to be rebuilt.,9.as 引导的定语从句：As 引导的定语
17、从句, 通常与such,the same 连 用。,This is such an insect as we have seldom seen.,I have the same trouble as you (have).,*as 引导非限制性定语从句，代表整个主句，它引导的从句不仅可以置于主句之后，也可置于主句之前或主句之中。,As the teacher told us, the earth goes round the sun.,He didnt come to the party, as we expected.,3. The house _ they built in 1987 st
18、ayed up in the earthquake.,Fill in the blanks with who, whom, that, which or whose,1. The earthquake_ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.,2. We dont know the number of people _ lost their homes in 1906 earthquake,that / which,that / who,which /that,4. A house _ is built on sand
19、 may fall down in a earthquake.,which / that,5. Harry is the boy _ mother is our maths teacher .,whose,作业:将下列句子改写成含有定语从句的复和句.,Have you found the bike? You are looking for the bike.The book is very interesting. I bought the book yesterday.I saw some trees. Their leaves were black with disease.The gir
20、l is our monitor. She is playing the piano over there.,Have you found the bike (that/which) you are looking for?,The book (that/which) I bought yesterday is very interesting.,I saw some trees whose leaves were black with disease.,The girl who/that is playing the piano over there is our monitor.,1.Th
21、is is all_I know about the matter.A.that B.what C.who D.whether 2.Is there anything else_you want?A.which B.that C.who D.what 3.The last place _we visited was the Great Wall.A.which B.that C.where D. it,Choose the best answers:,4. Please take the second chair_is over there.A. where B. which C. who D
22、. that,5.Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn?A. that B./ C.which D.it,6.Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police（NMET98)A. which B. what C. whatever D. that,7. All of the flowers now raised here havedeveloped from those _ in the forest.A. once the grew B. they grew onc
23、e C. that once grew D. once grew. 8. I dont like _ you speak to her.A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which,9. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows; most of _ hadnt been cleaned for ten years.A. these B. those C. that D. which,1. The man _ I saw told me to wait. 2.
24、The man to _ I spoke was a foreigner. 3. I know a boy _ father is an acrobat. (杂技演员) 4. He saw a house _ windows were all broken.,Fill in the blanks with who, whom, whose, which and that.,who,whom,whose,whose,5. All the apples _ fall are eaten by wild boars. 6. Can you think of anyone _ could look a
25、fter him? 7. This is the best hotel _ I know.,that,that,that,基础练习,1. Is that the house _ you bought last year? A. where B. which 2. Is that the picture _ you are laughing at? A. which B.where 3. It is the most interesting book _Ill ever read. A. which B. that,B,B,A,4.The street _is to the park is ve
26、ry narrow. A. where B. which 5.The person _finds my watch will get a reward. A. who B. when 6.This is the room _ we listened to the lecture. A. which B. where,B,A,B,7.The boy _mother is ill can not come to the party. A. who B. whose 8.Tell me the reason _ you are late. A. which B. why,B,B,填空： 1. Loo
27、k at that lady _ name is Pochi. 2. He is a teacher _ I like very much. 3. Those pictures _ were drawn by Tom are nice. 4. Those _will go to the park stay here. 5. That was all the money _I had.,whose,whom/that,which/that,who,that,6. Tom is the first boy _left the room. 7. Look at the boy and his dog
28、 _are coming this way. 8. You can read any book _I have. 9. That was the year _I went to America. 10. we came to the town, _we stayed for 2 hours.,that,that,that,when,where,翻译 1.他指给我看他丢钱包的地方。He showed me the place where he lost his wallet. 2.我不认识那个和你说话的女孩。I dont know the girl whom/that you speak to. 3.她是一个叫玛丽的女孩。She is a girl who is called Mary.,4.那些正在打网球的男孩是我的朋友。Those boys who are playing tennis are my friends. 5.你记不记得我们到这儿的那一天?Do you remember the day when we arrived here?,
