1、专项语法十六 情景交际,要点精析 一、告别(Farewells) 常用表达法： 1Im afraid I must be leaving/going now. I think its time for us to leave now. Its time I met/did./I had to go now. Its about time I was going, Im afraid. 2Goodbye! (Byebye! Bye！) See you later/tomorrow.(See you.) Good night.,3Keep in touch. Mention/Remember me
2、 to your family. Say hello to your parents. Im glad to have met you and your friends. Hope to meet you again. Its very good of you to come to see me off. Have a pleasant journey. Take care. Bye! Goodbye and good luck. Drop in again whenever you have time. Please give my best regards to your parents.
3、,注意： (1)当彼此双方作短暂告别时，可以使用如Goodbye.; Byebye.; See you.; See you later.等表达法。 (2)如若去送别某人且双方分别时间较长，甚至再也见不到双方了，则一般在说Goodbye前用比较正式且严肃的告别用语，如Take care.; Give my best wishes to your family.。 (3)人们经常使用挥手来表示告别。 (4)告别时，易犯汉语习惯式的表达错误：Ive wasted a lot of your time.和Im sorry to have taken up so much of your time.后者
4、主要是用在你请别人花费很多时间帮忙时。,(5)如果你不想扫了其他客人的兴致，而你又必须提前离开，按照中国人的习惯，则常用：“Ill go first.; Im leaving now.”来表示“先走一步，你们继续谈吧”，但是按照英美人的习惯，却应说：Im afraid I have to go now. But dont let me break up the party.(恐怕我现在得走了，但不要因为我中断了聚会。)另外，送客时国外一般只送到大门口，作为客人无需说：Stay where you are.; Dont come any further.等，这并不是西方人不够热情，而是中外文化传
5、统不同罢了。,二、感谢和应答(Thanks and responses) 常用表达法： 1Thank you (very much)/Thanks a lot./Many thanks./Thanks for./I really dont know how I can thank you enough. 2Its very kind of you to./Not at all./Its./Thats all right(OK)/Youre welcome./Im very glad you enjoyed it./Its a pleasure./My pleasure./Please dont
6、 mention it./It was nothing./Forget it.,注意： (1)感谢的表达法在国外几乎用于一切场合，家人之间、陌生人之间、师生之间等等，哪怕是一件小事情，甚至是理所当然的事，也得说声谢谢。但不能“谢”得过头，否则会被认为是一种不真诚，更不要照搬中国的“道歉式致谢”方式，如：Im sorry to have wasted your time. (2)在大多数场合，仅说：Thanks.; Thank you.; Thanks a lot.是不够的，还需说些其它表示感激和非常高兴之类的话。如感谢别人的宴请，可以这么说：The dinner was delicious.
7、Thank you for your invitation.,三、道歉、遗憾和应答(Apologies, regrets, sympathies & responses) 常用表达法： 1Sorry./Pardon. Im terribly/awfully sorry./Im sorry for(about) Im sorry to./have done that. I apologize. Forgive me (for.) I really didnt mean that at all.,2Excuse me (for.) Be afraid that. What a pity/shame
8、！/Its a pity that. 3Thats all right. It doesnt matter. Thats nothing. Dont worry about it. Never mind./Forget it. It cant be helped. Its OK. It really isnt worth mentioning.,注意： (1)道歉场合很多，用语也很多，有时候，在一些特殊情况下，我们也得考虑要求别人为某人或某事道歉。比如我们有时觉得朋友受到不公正待遇时，可以理直气壮地向对方说：Im sorry, but I had to say that you owe my
9、friend an apology./Apologize to him for your rudeness. (2)无论是向别人道歉还是回答别人的道歉，一定要注意语言和表情的一致性，即神情一定要诚恳，另外，说道歉用语时，一律须用降调。,四、邀请和应答(Invitations and responses) 常用表达法： 1Will you come to.? Would you like to.? Id like to invite you to. Wed be very pleased if you could come to dinner this evening. Why dont you
10、.? Perhaps youd care to.?,(2)Oh./Sure, why not? OK. Thats a terrific/great idea. That sounds very nice. Yes, Id love to (.) Yes, its very kind/nice of you. (3)Id love to, but. Im really sorry, I cant. Im afraid I cant because.,注意： (1)如果不是见面时的临时邀请，在西方，特别是关系不是很亲近的人，往往在一到两个星期前提出，以便对方能调整自己的时间表。 (2)无论是书面
11、还是口头邀请，都有多种表达法，但要注意避免使用命令式的口气。如：You come to our dinner this evening. (3)在被邀请时，如若不去，应当找出适当的理由向对方说明，免得对方误认为你不愿意与其交往。当然作为邀请者，你也可以在表示遗憾时，对他说没关系，以后还可以找机会。,五、提供(帮助等)和应答(Offers and responses) 常用表达法： 1Can/Could/Shall I help you? Would you like me to.? Is there anything(else) I can do for you? Do you want me
12、 to.? What can I do for you? Let me do/carry/help.(for you) Would you like some.?,2Thanks. That would be nice/fine. Thats very kind of you. Thank you for your help. Yes, please. Here, take this/my. 3No, thanks/thank you. No, thanks/thank you. I can manage it myself. Thank you all the same. Thats ver
13、y kind of you, but.,六、请求、允许和应答(Asking for permission and responses) 常用表达法： 1May I? Can/Could I? I wonder if I could. Would/Do you mind if I open the window? May I ask a favor of you? Would you do me a favor? Be kind enough to tell me the truth.,2Yes./Sure./Certainly. Yes, (do) please. Of course(you
14、may) Go ahead, please. Thats OK/all right. Not at all. Well, if I can. Id be glad to. With pleasure.,3Im sorry, you cant. Im sorry, but. Youd better not. Id like to, but I 注意：在此类交际项目的肯定表述中，With pleasure一定要与表示回答感谢的Its a pleasure/My pleasure.区别开来。,七、打电话(Making phone calls) 常用表达法： 1Hello! Is(Tom)in? Ma
15、y/Could I speak to.? Is that.(speaking)? Can you put me through to 34284390? Id like the number of the Peace Hotel, please.,2Hold on a moment, please. Just a minute, please. Hello, who is it? He/She isnt here right now. Can I take a message for you? Someone wants you on the telephone. Do you want to
16、 leave a message? Sorry, youve dialed the wrong number. 3Hello, this is.speaking. I called to tell/ask you.,注意： (1)打电话时，第一个词便是Hello，它不像中文中的“喂”那样连喊几声，只要说一次就可以了，紧接着可自报姓名，告诉对方你是谁，并告知想与某人通话。 (2)如果你发现对方要找的是另一个人，或拨错了号码，这时，你最好能重复一下你的号码，然后应很快告诉对方，可以使用简单回答：Sorry, wrong number.不要一声不响地就挂断电话。同样，若是你拨错了号码也应该这样做。
17、(3)另外，特别注意打电话用语中英汉的差别。比如说：你是谁？我是。,八、考纲以外的表达法 现在有许多考题虽然考查环境属于大纲里，但是其语言运用已超越了大纲范围，比如：2003年高考：No way(没门); 2000年：Yes, sir?,九、易混的习惯应答语 1I couldnt agree more./I dont agree. 前者意为“我非常赞同”，后者意为“我不同意”，意思正好相反。如： Go for a picnic this weekend, OK? 周末去野餐，好吗？ I couldnt agree more. I love getting close to nature. 我完
18、全赞同。我喜欢亲近大自然。(对意见的赞同),2Dont mention it./Forget it. Id like to take a weeks holiday. 我想休一周的假。 Forget it; were as busy as a bee. 别想了，我们都忙得不可开交了。(不可能) Im terribly sorry I broke your glass. 十分对不起，把你的水杯打碎了。 You can forget it. 没关系，别放在心上。(没关系、别在意),What were you saying just now? I didn hear. 你刚才说了些什么？我没听见。
19、Oh, nothing, forget it. 没什么，不值得一提。(别提它了，表不愿重复所说的话) Thanks for the ride home! 谢谢坐你的车回家。 Dont mention it. 区区小事，何足挂齿。(致谢应答语，译作“不用谢”),4Sure, go ahead./No, go ahead. 都可以用作征求对方应允的答语。前者用于回答“I wonder if.”或“May/Can I”，意为“当然可以，请吧”。后者用于回答“Do/Would you mind if I do/did.”，意为“不介意，请吧”。如： Could I ask you a rather p
20、ersonal question? 我能问你一个个人问题吗？ Sure, go ahead. 当然可以。问吧。,Would you mind me opening the door? Its too hot. 我把门打开你不介意吧？太热了。 No, go ahead. 不介意，开吧。,5No way./No problem. “No way.”表示强烈否定对方的主张和申请，类似于“Of course not.”，意为“没门儿，办不到”。 “No problem.”用于回答对方的道歉，译作“没什么”；也用于接受别人的请求，意为“没问题”。如： I think you should phone J
21、enny and say sorry to her. 我认为你应该给珍妮打电话向她赔个不是。 No way. It was her fault. 想都别想，是她的错。,I dont have any change with me. Will you pay the fare for me? 我身上没零钱。你为我付费好吗？ No problem. 没问题。,6With pleasure./My pleasure. “With pleasure.”是接受请求和邀请的用语，相当于“OK.”，意为“乐意效劳，非常愿意”。 “My pleasure.”是致谢的应答语，类似表达还有Its a pleasu
22、re./Not at all./Thats all right./Youre welcome./Thats OK./Dont mention it.等。如： Would you do me a favor and give me a ride? 借个光，能让我搭个便车吗？ With pleasure. 乐意效劳。,Its been a wonderful evening. Thats very kind of you. 这是多么美妙的一个晚上啊。太谢谢你了。 My pleasure. 不用谢。,7Congratulations./Glad to hear that./Good luck. “C
23、ongratulations.”用于对个人表示祝贺，如实现目标或取得胜利，但不用于节日祝贺。 “Glad to hear that.”是听到别人喜讯时的应答语。 当别人要旅行或要从事某项活动时，向对方表示祝愿用“Good luck.”。如： I had a really good weekend at my uncles. 在我叔叔家，我周末确实玩得很开心。 Oh, Im glad to hear that. 听到这个消息我非常高兴。,Im taking my driving test tomorrow. 明天我要去考驾照。 Good luck! 祝你好运！ After ten years o
24、f hard work, I have eventually passed the entrance exam. 历经十年的辛苦努力，我终于通过了入学考试。 Congratulations! 祝贺你！,8Thats right./Thats all right./All right./Its right. “Thats right.”可省略为“Right.”，用于肯定对方对某事物的看法，意为“对，没错”。 “Thats all right.”可以作致谢应答语，意为“不用谢”；作请求允许的应答语，意为“不介意”；还可作遗憾和抱歉的应答语，表示“没关系”。 “All right.” 表示同意对方的意见。 “Its all right.”拒绝别人帮助时的用语。如： James, I am sorry I used your computer when you were away this morning. 詹姆斯，对不起，今天上午你不在时我用了你的电脑。 Thats all right. 没关系。,
