1、主谓一致,英语句子中主语和谓语在人称和数方面的一致是英语中最基本的语法项目之一。,注意三个原则：语法一致、意义一致、就近一致,1.谓语动词使用单数,(1) 专有名词做主语，如国名(即便有s）、人名、书名、组织机构名等。The United States is a developed country.(2) ics结尾的学科名词做主语Mathematic is difficult to learn.(3) “one and a half+复数名词”做主语。One and a half apples is on the table.(4) “many a +名词单数”做主语。Many a stud
2、ent has computers.,(5) 不定式短语、动名词短语做主语。To see is to believe.Playing basketball is a good way to lose weight.(6) 两个并列的单数主语在意义上指同一个概念、同一个人或物时。The writer and painter is going to give us a talk this afternoon.Bread and butter is good for us.(7) 由and连接做主语的两个单数名词，前面有every, each或no等词修饰。Every student and tea
3、cher is requested to attend the meeting.Each desk and each chair is made of wood.No teacher and no student was absent.,(8) “more than one+单数名词”做主语。More than one people agrees with you. 注意“more+名词复数than one” 做主语， 谓语用复数.More people than one have made the suggestion. (9) everybody, everyone, anyone, so
4、meone等复合代词做主语。Everybody is here. (10) “this kind of+名词复数”做主语。This kind of apples sells well in the market. 注意：但 “名词复数of this kind”做主语，谓语动词用复数。Apples of this kind sell well in the market.,2.谓语动词用复数,(1) “The +形容词”表示一类人做主语。The old are taken good care of in our country.但表示一个人或抽象概念时，动词用单数.The dead is his
5、 father, who left him nothing.The beautiful lives forever.(2) 以sh, -ese, -ch结尾表示国家、民族的形容词与the 连用表示“某国人”做主语时，如English, French, Japanese, Chinese.The Chinese are brave.,(3) 有些集合名词，如cattle, police, people做主语。Traffic police are always busy. 但people意为“民族”时，谓语用单数。The Chinese people is great.(4) “a number
6、of 修饰可数名词做主语。A great number of students are one the playground.(5) “one or two+复数名词”做主语。There are one or two things to do today.,3.具体情况具体分析来定谓语的数,(1) 有些集合名词，如class, family, team, group, committee, enemy等做主语时，若作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数；若作为个体时，谓语用复数。My family is a big one.When I came in, his family were watching
7、 TV.(2) 表示时间、金钱、距离、重量的复数名词做主语，若作为整体，谓语用单数；若侧重个体，谓语用复数。Three pounds is enough.Three years have passed since he left.,(3) 如trousers, glasses等由两个相同部分连成一体的复合名组做主语，谓语用复数；若其前有“一条”、“一副”等量词时，谓语的数有量词的单复数来去确定。 My trousers are on the bed. A pair of trousers is on the bed. (4) 定语从句中关系代词which, that, who的数依先行词而定。
8、但“one of +复数名词定语从句”时，关系代词为复数，定语从句的谓语动词用复数； 但one 之前若有定冠词或the only时，定语从句的谓语动词要用单数。 He is one of the best players who have taken the first prize. He is the only one of the players who has taken the first prize.,(5) 从句做主语时，谓语动词常用单数，但what引导主语从句时谓语的数依表语的数而定。When will go there is unknown.What I need is mor
9、e moneyWhat I need are more books. (6) “并列的疑问句不定式短语”做主语时，若并列的不定式是同一个动作，谓语用单数。若并列的不定式是两个概念，则谓语用复数。When to go and where to go is unknown.When to go and where to have lunch are unknown. (7) “分数（百分数）of 名词”做主语时，谓语动词的数依of 后的名词的数而定。More than 70 percent of the surface of the earth is covered with water.Abou
10、t two-fifth of the students in our class are girls.,(8) 表示部分概念或不定数量的名词或代词做主语，如half of, most of, the rest of, lots of ,plenty of等，谓语动词的数依of 后面的数而定。Half of the oranges is mine.The rest of the students have gone home.(9) all, any, some 做主语，谓语的数应根据上下文的具体情况而定。All are present.All that can be done has been
11、 done.,(10) each 修饰名词做主语，谓语动词用单数。但each若位于复数主语后或句末做同为语，谓语用复数。Each of the students has a dictionary.The students each have a dictionary.The students have a dictionary each. (11) 由介词、介词词组和某些连接词连接的两个并列名词或代词做主语，如as well as, as much as, rather than, no less than, together with , more than, not， with excep
12、t, but, like等，谓语动词应与前面真正主语保持一致。 I together with my parents am going to visit uncle Smith. Tom , not his parents, is my friend. You no less than Tom are worth praising.,4.就近原则,并列主语由or, eitheror,neithernor, not onlybut also,notbut连接时，谓语动词常与邻近的主语保持一致。 Either the teacher or the students are to blame Not
13、 only the students but also their teacher doesnt know about it. Not his sister but his two cousins have gone to Hainan, never to be seen again.,补充,在“it isthat强调结构中，如果that(who)用作句子的主语，其谓语动词应和that(who)前的成分保持人称和数的一致。 It is I who am on duty. It is he who often comes late. It is they who often come late.
14、 在含有the sameas, suchas的定语从句中，as 做主语时，其谓语应和as所修饰的先行词保持数的一致。 I should like to use the same instruments as are used in your workshop. Lets discuss only such questions as concern us! He gave me such information as was very useful to us.,在表示假设的虚拟语气中，尽管主语为单数，仍用复数形式的动词were.在表示愿望、建议、要求、命令等含义的有关从句中，不管主语是单数还是复数，谓语一律用原形。 Were she in Beijing, she would help you. 如果她在北京，她会帮助你的。 If he were to do the room, he might do it in some other way. 要是他打扫这个房间，他可能用另外一种方法。 We suggested that Tome be told about his physical condition as soon as possible.,
