1、非谓语动词小结（二） ing形式,济宁市育才中学,ing形式,动词 语 态 形式 及物动词make 不及物动词go主动语态 被动语态 主动语态 一般式 making being made going 完成式 having made having been made having gone 注意：not要永远放在ing前面,育才中学,入高中高考英语群：4980299，享优质教辅资料！,-ing形式的基本用法,（1）作主语： Seeing is believing. Talking is easier than doing. Being praised is a great pleasure .
2、His being late again made the teacher angry. ing作主语时，同不定句式作主语一样吗，如果其 结构较长，可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的-ing后 置。如： It isnt much good writing to them again. Its no use waiting here.,育才中学,1.-What do you think made Mary so upset？ -_ her new bicycle.（1997上海） A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing 2. _
3、the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. The president will attend B. The president to attend C. The president attended D. The presidents attending,育才中学,练一练,3. - Lucy doesnt seem to be what she was.- No_ so much in the war has made her more thoughtful. ASeen BHer seeing CHaving s
4、een DTo have seen,育才中学,入高中高考英语群：4980299，享优质教辅资料！,（2）作表语：Her job is washing and cooking. My hobby is collecting stamps. What worried the child most was _ to visit his mother in the hospital（1998上海） Ahis not allowing Bhis not being allowed Chis being not allowed Dhaving not been allowed 解析：答案B。动名词复合结构
5、的否定式应把否定 词not放在物主代词之后、动名词之前。child和 allow之间为动宾关系，所以就用其被动式。,育才中学,（3）作宾语： 作及物动词的宾语。 She likes drawing very much.； 作某些短语动词的宾语。Mary is thinking of going back to New York.； do+限定词（my, some, any, the等）+ -ing，表 示“做事”之意，如： We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon. Will you do any shopping on Saturday t
6、his afternoon?,育才中学,入高中高考英语群：4980299，享优质教辅资料！,作介词的宾语： Her sister is good at learning physics. I often fish for hours without catching anything. 作形容词worth, busy等的宾语： This book is well worth reading. ing作宾语带有宾语补足语时，要用it作为形式宾 语，而将作宾语的-ing后置，如： We found it no good talking like that. Do you think it nece
7、ssary trying again?,育才中学,入高中高考英语群：4980299，享优质教辅资料！,下列动词要用动名词作宾语,育才中学,admit/appreciate/avoid/consider(考虑)/discuss/ dislike/deny/delay/enjoy/excuse/escape/fancy/ finish/forgive/imagine/keep/keep on/mind/miss/ mention/practise/prevent/postpone/put off/ pardon/report/risk/resist/suggest/understand ,例句赏析
8、： Fancy having a fool like that for a husband! 试想找这么一个傻瓜做丈夫! Between astonishment and joy she couldnt help bursting into tears. 她惊喜交集禁不住放声大哭起来。,育才中学,入高中高考英语群：4980299，享优质教辅资料！,to 作介词的短语动词,be/get/become used to 习惯于 be given to 沉溺于 be related to和有联系 be addicted to沉溺于；对上瘾. be opposed to/ object to 反对 be
9、 devoted to/devote oneself to 献身于,爱 be admitted to被录取 , 准进入 be reduced to/reduce to沦为, 使沦为.He was reduced to begging in the street.他沦为沿街乞。,育才中学,be attached to附属于,爱慕,爱恋,敬仰 be adjusted to/ adjust to/ adjust oneself to适应 be adapted to/ adapt oneself to适应 be known to为所知 be married to和结婚 be sentenced to被
10、判处 be connected to和连在一起,育才中学,be exposed to 暴露于/遭受/接触 be compared to被比喻成 compare to把比成 be/become /get accustomed to/accustom oneself to惯于,有.习惯. be engaged to和订婚 get down to着手做 lead to 导致 put ones mind to全神贯注于,育才中学,give rise to 引起 give birth to 生育 look forward to盼望 pay attention to注意 stick to坚持 attend
11、 to 处理,照料 see to 负责 contribute to对做贡献 make contributions to对做贡献 apply oneself to致力于,育才中学,入高中高考英语群：4980299，享优质教辅资料！,come close to几乎,将近 reply to 回答 add to 增加 add up to加起来 turn to转向,求助于 feel up to能胜任 look up to向上看,尊敬,育才中学,admit to承认He admitted to having broken the glass.他承认打烂了玻璃。 belong to属于 take to喜爱,
12、开始 She has taken to drinking recently.他最近喜欢喝酒。 cling to 附着/坚持 fall to 开始After supper we fell to discussing politics.晚饭后我们开始讨论政治。 respond to回答,育才中学,He came close to _(kill) in the accident. He admitted to _(break) the glass.,育才中学,being killed,having broken,The letter we were looking forward to _ yest
13、erday. A. coming B. came C. come D. has come,大家还记得下面这道题吗？,入高中高考英语群：4980299，享优质教辅资料！,1. If you think that treating a woman well means always _ her permission for things, think again. (2006湖南卷) A. gets B. got C. to get D. getting 2. Isnt it time you got down to _ the papers? (2006n重庆卷) mark B. be mark
14、ed C. being marked D. marking,育才中学,练一练,入高中高考英语群：4980299，享优质教辅资料！,3. The parents suggested _ in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip. (2006上海卷) A. sleep B. to sleep C. sleeping D. having slept 4. After he became conscious, he remembered _ and _ on the head with s rod
15、. (2006江西卷) to attack; hit B. to be attacked; to be hit C. attacking; be hit D. having been attacked; hit,育才中学,5. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom. (2007全国II) opened and closed B. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to open and cl
16、ose 6. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area _. (2007陕西卷) need repairing B. needs to repair C. needs repairing D. need to repair,育才中学,7. I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ talking while she works. working; stopping B. to work; stopping
17、 C. working; to stop D. to work; to stop8. John was doing fine. Everyone regretted_ out of school at such an early age. A. him to drop B. his dropping C. it to drop him D. to drop him,育才中学,“我无法忍受和简在同一个办公室工作，她在工作 的时候总是不停地说话。”,9. There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man. My goodness
18、! I cant imagine _ that old. (2006 江苏) to be B. to have been C. being D. having been,育才中学,在报纸上有个关于一位110岁老人的故事。 天哪！我简直不能想像活到那么大年龄。,入高中高考英语群：4980299，享优质教辅资料！,10. I really appreciate _ to relax with you on this nice island. （2001年上海高考试题） Ato have had time Bhaving time Cto have time Dto having time 11.
19、The _ boy was last seen _ near the East Lake. （2000年上海高考试题） Amissing; playing Bmissing; play Cmissed; played Dmissed; play,育才中学,12. Tony was very unhappy for _ to the party （2000上海） Ahaving not been invited Bnot having invited Chaving not invited Dnot having been invited 13She likes but she doesnt l
20、ike this afternoonShed like some other day Aswimming；swimming；to swim Bto swim；swimming；to swim Cswim；to swim；swimming Dswimming；to swim；to swim,育才中学,14How about the two of us a walk down the garden Ato take Btake Ctaking Dto be taking 15The pupil asked the teacher how much time he spent violin ever
21、y day Ato practise to play the Bpractising playing the Cto practise to play Dpractisingto play,育才中学,16She was lucky enough by the car. Amissing being hitBto miss hitting Cmissing to be hitDto miss being hit 17We were lucky that we just escaped the rain Abeing caught in Bto be caught in Ccatching Dto
22、 catch,育才中学,入高中高考英语群：4980299，享优质教辅资料！,18. Have you forgotten _$1000 from me last month? Will you please remember _ it tomorrow? A. borrowing; to bring B. to borrow; bring C. borrowed; bringing D. borrowing; bringing 19. Articles(物品) used by patients must be disinfected (消毒) before _ others. A. using
23、 B. being used by C. used by D. being using,育才中学,20. Mr Read made up his mind to devote all he had to _ some schools for poor children. A. set up B. setting upC. have set up D. having set up,B。devote.to+n./V-ing形式是固定结构。he had是定语从句。,育才中学,21. The discovery of new evidence led to _. the thief having ca
24、ught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught,（4）作定语： a sleeping car a sleeping child 注：-ing形式作定语用时，如果-ing只是一个单 词，就位于其修饰的名词之前，如果是-ing短语， 就位于其修饰的名词之后。另外，-ing作定语用 时，其动作和句子谓语动词所表示的动作是同时进 行或经常性习惯性的，反之，就不能用-ing作定 语，要使用定语从句，如： The girl who wrote a letter there yesterday can s
25、peak English very well.,育才中学,请注意以下区别： 分词作定语时与其所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系； 动名词作定语时只表示用途、场所等意义； 表示被动意义的非谓语动词作定语时的用法：done 表示已经完成的动作to be done 表示尚未开始的动作 being done 表示正在进行之中的动作,育才中学,1. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _“Sorry to miss you; will call later.“ A. read B. reads C. to read D. readi
26、ng,D。 reading在这里意为“内容是，上面写着“。限制性定语。相当于which reads.。,育才中学,2. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. （04上海） to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt 3. A man is being questioned in relation to the _ murder last night. （04江苏） advised B. attended C. a
27、ttempted D. admitted,练一练,未遂的,4. The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew.(00 北京春季) having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung5. It seems that I once met with the man _ us. A. served B. being served C. to have served D. serving,育才中学,6. The old man _ has been ill for months. A. to operate
28、on B. operate on C. operated D. being operated on 7. Last year we had a drought _ 80 days. A. lasted B. lasting C. to last D. being lasted 7. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _. 20 dollars remained B. 20 dollars to remain C. remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars,育才中
29、学,8. If I correct someone, I will do it with as much good humor and self-restraint as if I were the one _. A. to correct B. correcting C. having corrected D. being corrected,育才中学,如果我要纠正别人的错误，我会尽量设身处地 的诙谐和委婉的说明。,入高中高考英语群：4980299，享优质教辅资料！,（5）作宾语补足语：We can see steam rising from the wet clothes. 注：当-ing
30、在复合宾语中作 宾语补足语用时，句中宾语就是这个-ing的逻辑 主语，可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have, keep等。,育才中学,Entering the room, I found Mary _at the desk and _ a letter. A. seating; writing B. seated; writing C. seated; wrote D. sitting; written 2. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the
31、pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting,育才中学,练一练,入高中高考英语群：4980299，享优质教辅资料！,3. Why do you stand and watch the milk _. A. boiling B. boiled C. from boiling D. having been boiled 4. Walking along the river, we heard someone _ for help. shouting B. shout C. shouted D. having
32、shouted,育才中学,5. Why do you have the water _ all the time?A. run B. to be running C. running D. being running 6. John left his coat _ on the sofa.A. laying B. lying C. laid D. lain 7. Why do you stand and watch the milk_over? -Oh, sorry. I was thinking of _to the zoo. A. boiling; taken B. boiled; tak
33、ing C. boiled; being taken D. boiling; being taken,育才中学,入高中高考英语群：4980299，享优质教辅资料！,8. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked,育才中学,（6）作状语： 1.表伴随 Cant you read? Mary said angrily pointing to the notice. The children ran out of the room,
34、laughing and talking merrily. Traveling by jeep, we visited a number of cities. Following the guide, they started to climb.,育才中学,入高中高考英语群：4980299，享优质教辅资料！,2.表原因 Having eaten too much, he couldnt go to sleep. Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note. Not knowing her address, we couldnt
35、 get in touch with her. Being so poor in those days, we couldnt afford to send the boy to hospital. Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter.,育才中学,3.表结果 His parents were killed in the accident, leaving him an orphan. The bus was held up by snowstorm, thus causing the delay.
36、再比较： He was caught in the rain, thus making himself catch cold. I hurried to school, only to find that it was Sunday.,育才中学,4.表时间 When crossing the road, please be careful. Dont mention this while talking to him. On arriving in London, he managed to get in touch with her. 5.表条件 Working hard, youll ge
37、t a good achievement. Turning to the left, you will find the path leading to the site. 6.表让步 Working so hard, he failed again.,育才中学,使用时要注意（以do为例）：,1） doing表示的必须是主语发出的动作； 2） doing表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的； 3） having done表示的是主语发出的动作，且早于主句的动作； 4） having been done 与主语之间构成被动关系，且早于主句的动作； 5） 一般不用being done
38、 作状语； 6）有时可以由 while，when, once, although, until, if,unless等连词引导。,育才中学,入高中高考英语群：4980299，享优质教辅资料！,附：with结构面面观,所谓“with结构”，也称为with独立主格结构， 是指“with/without+宾语+ 宾语补足语”复合结 构。其中，宾语一般由名词或代词充当，而 宾语补足语则具体的需要由形容词、副词、 介词短语、分词短语（现在分词和过去分 词）及不及物动词短语等充当。常见的with结 构主要有下列几种情形(仅以with为例）：,育才中学,1. with+名词（代词）+ 形容词 Im to s
39、leeping with the window open. 我习惯于开着窗户睡觉。 2. with+名词（代词）+ 副词 The street looks more beautiful with all the lights on. 所有的灯都亮着，街道上看起来更加漂亮。 3. with+名词（代词）+ 介词短语 He was sleeping with his head on his arm.,育才中学,4.with+名词（代词）+ 过去分词（强调宾语是动作的承受者或动作已经完成） He sat there with his eyes fixed on me. With the proble
40、m solved, we have more confidence. With him taken care of，we felt quite relieved. 5.with+名词（代词）+ ing We found the place very easily with the boy leading the way. Can you see the huge box with a long handle attaching to it ?,育才中学,试比较： With my homework done, I began to watch TV. 我作业做好了，就开始看电视。 With my
41、 bike being repaired, I can go nowhere. 我自行车在修，哪儿也去不了。,育才中学,6. with+名词（代词）+ 不定式短语（表示该动作的将来含义或尚未完成） I cant do out with all these dishes to wash. 我不能出去，因为所有这些碟子都要洗。 In the afternoon, with nothing to do, I went on a round of the bookstore. 由于下午无事可做， 我到书店转了转。 7. with+名词（代词）+ 名词 She died with her son yet
42、 a child. 她去世的时候，儿子还是个孩子。,育才中学,8. 句法省略 【省略特征】 with独立主格结构中的省略主要是 指在“with + n + 介词短语”结构中的省略，其特点 是省去with及介词短语中的名词修饰词，也就是： “n + 介词 + n”。 She ran to the hero, with flowers in her hand. She ran to the hero, flowers in hand. She came in, with a book in her hand. She came in, book in hand.,育才中学,使用独立主格结构要注意一
43、下几点,当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同 一个对象时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从 句，但不再保留连词。如： After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom. 下课后，学生很快离开了课室。,育才中学,入高中高考英语群：4980299，享优质教辅资料！,2. 在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的being （或having been）不能省略：(1) 独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。如：It being Sunday, we went to church.因为是星期
44、天，我们去了做礼拜。(2) 在There being名词的结构中。如：There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行家。,育才中学,3. 独立主格结构没有所有格形式。如：The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting. 主编来了，我们开始开会。比较动名词复合结构：The chief-editors arriving made us very surprised.,育才中学,5. 独立主格结构作时间或原因状语时，可用完成时，表示该动作发生在谓语之前。如：The lis
45、teners having taken their seats, the concert began.听众坐好后，音乐会开始了。Tom having been late over and over, his boss was very disappointed.由于汤姆一再迟到，他的老板非常失望。,育才中学,1. The secretary worked late into the night _ a long speech for the president. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing 2. The vis
46、iting Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks, _that he had enjoyed his stay here. having added B. to add C. adding D. added,育才中学,练一练,入高中高考英语群：4980299，享优质教辅资料！,3. “Cant you read?“ Mary said_ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing
47、 4. Autumn _ on, the leaves on the trees began falling. A. coming B. come C. comes D. was coming,育才中学,5. In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet _ at another person. A. pointed B. pointing C. points D. to be pointing 6. With his son _, the old man felt unhappy. to be disappointed B. disappointing C. being disappointed D. to disappoint,
