1、词 的 翻 译,词义的选择,根据词类选择词义根据上下文选择词义根据词的搭配来选择词义根据学科和专业选择词义,根据词类选择词义的方法主要是针对一些兼类词，因为这些词在句中所承担的成分不同，其词性不同，词义也不同。因此，要选择正确的词义，首先要确定该词在句中属于哪一类词类，然后再进一步确定其词义。,The thickness of a tooth measured along the及物动词 测量pitch circle is one half the circular pitch.沿节圆所测得的齿厚是周节的一半。The earthquake measured 6.5 on the Richter
2、系动词 为scale.这次地震震级为6.5里氏震级。We must reflect what measures to take in case名词 复数意为措施of any accidental collapse of a bed.我们必须考虑一下如果床层意外崩塌应采取什么措施。,This is the biggest bridge built in the Yangtse名词 桥River. I bridged a gap in the conversatioan by telling a动词 渡过joke. The girls will man the radar till we get
3、back.动词 操作 Here is a story about two great men of science名词 人in the US history. I gave him a book on the history of Chinese.名词 书 Did you book the table in the restaurant?动词 预定,英语中的同一个词，同一类词，在不同场合往往有不同的含义，常常要求译者根据上下文的联系，以及句型来确定某个词在特定场合下的含义。,Packaged software is developed to serve the specific needs o
4、f one user.软件包的开发只是为某一用户的特定需要服务。Noises may develop in a worn engine.磨损了的引擎里可能会产生各种噪音。Shorts frequently develop when insulation is worn.绝缘被磨损时往往会发生短路。Sure enough,80 percent of the plants developed the disease.果然，80%的庄稼都染上了这种病。,Other isolation methods are being developed.目前正在研究其他隔离方法。In developing the
5、 design,we must consider the feasibility of processing.在进行设计时，必须考虑加工的可能性。After the war much of this knowledge was poured into the developing of the computers.战后，这项知识大量地应用于研制计算机。They cited cases of identical twins reared in different homes who developed very different characteristics despite identica
6、l heredity.他们列举了一些这样的事例，在不同的家庭抚养的一对双胞胎尽管遗传特性完全相同，但会显示出完全不同的个性。,He is the last man to come.他是最后来的。He is the last man to do it.他绝不会干那件事。He should be the last (man) to blame.怎么也不该怪他。He is the last person for such a job.他最不配干这个工作。He is the last man to consult.根本不宜找他商量。This is the last place where I expe
7、cted to meet you.我怎么也没料到会在这个地方见到你。,英语的一词多义往往也体现在词与词的搭配上。不同搭配方式，可以产生不同的词义。,large currentlarge pressurea large amount of electric powerlarge loadslarge-screen receiverlarge capacitylarge growing,高容量宽屏电视接收器高电压强电流生长快的大量的电力重载,buy low lay low live low run low sell low speak low,过十分穷苦的生活快用完倒下,卧床,使死亡小声说低价卖低
8、价买,在英语中，同一个词在不同的学科领域或不同的专业中往往具有不同的词义。因此，在选择词义时，应考虑到阐述内容所涉及的概念属于哪种学科、何种专业。,邮政业 运输业 医药学 无线电 军事 化学 车辆制造 机械行业,carrier,邮递员 搬运工 带菌者，媒介物 载波 航空母舰 载体 底盘 托架，传导管,词义的引申,技术性引申修辞性引申具体化引申抽象化引申,技术性引申的目的主要是使译文中涉及科学技术概念的词语符合技术语言规范,After the spring has been closed to its solide height,the compressive force is removed.
9、弹簧被压缩到接近并紧高度之后，就没有压力了。The adjustment screw has stops at both sides.调整螺钉的两端设有定位块。,修辞性引申的目的是为了使译文语言流畅，文句通顺，符合汉语的表达习惯。,Computer come in a wide variety of sizes and capabilities.计算机大小不一，能力各异。The antivenin will not help;but a blood transfusion will.The treatment works.抗毒蛇血清无济于事，但输血有用。这个疗法很有用。,把原有的语句中的含义较
10、概括、抽象、笼统的词引申为意思较为具体的词，尤其是将不定代词进行具体化引申，避免造成译文概念不清或不符合汉语表达习惯的情况出现。,While this restriction on the size of the circuit holds,the law is valid.只要电路尺寸符合上述的限制，这条定律就能适用于该电路。This suggests that matter can be converted into energy, and vice versa.这就是说物质可以转化为能量，能量也可以转化为物质。,The car in front of me stalled and I m
11、issed the green.我前头的那辆车停住了，我错过了绿灯。,有些词在英语中比较具体、形象，如果在译文中不需强调它的具体名称或具体说明，汉译时，则可以把它抽象化或概括化，用比较抽象的或概括的语言来表达。,Quantum chemistry is still in its infancy.量子化学仍处在发展初期。Chemical control will do most of things in pest control.化学防治能在病虫害防治中起主要作用。,Every life has its roses and thorns.每个人的生活都有甜有苦。,词类的转换,转译为动词 转译为名
12、词 转移为形容词 转译为副词,名词转译为动词形容词转译为动词副词转译为动词介词转译为动词,Despite all the improvements,rubber still has a number of limitations尽管改进了很多，但合成橡胶仍有一些缺陷。 Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.火箭已经用来探索宇宙。,The circuites are connected in parallel in the interest of a small resistance.将电路并联是为了
13、减小电阻。 Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life.医生们说他们不敢肯定能否救得了他的命。,The fatigue life test is over.疲劳寿命试验结束了。 As he ran out,he forgot to have his shoes on.他跑出去时，忘记了穿鞋子。,This type of film develops in twenty minutes.冲洗此类胶片需要20分钟。 I barreled straight ahead ,across the harbour and o
14、ut over the sea.我笔直向前高速飞行，越过港口，飞临海面。,动词转译为名词形容词转译为名词副词转译为名词,Black holes act like huge drains in the universe.黑洞的作用像宇宙中巨大的吸管。 To them, he personified the absolute power.在他们看来，他就是绝对权威的化身。,All metals tend to be ductile.所有金属都有延展性。 They did their best to help the sick and the wounded.他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。,Th
15、ese parts must be proportionally correct.这些零件的比例必须准确无误。 He is physically weak but mentally sound.他身体虽弱，但思想健康。,名词转移为形容词副词转移为形容词动词转移为形容词,Gene mutation is of great importance in breeding new varieties.在新品种培育方面，基因突变是非常重要的。 The blockade was a success.封锁很成功。,Earthquakes are closely related to faulting.地震与
16、断层的产生有密切的关系。 The President had prepared meticulously for his journey.总统为这次出访作了十分周密的准备。,The range of the spectrum in which heat is radiated mostly lies within the infrared portion.辐射热的光谱段大部分位于红外区。 Light waves differ in frequentcy just as sound waves do.同声波一样，光波也有不同的频率。,形容词转译为副词动词转译为副词名词转译为副词,In actua
17、l tests this point is difficult to obtain.在实际的测试中，很难测到这个点。 Buckley was in a clear minority.巴克利显然属于少数。,The molecules continue to stay close together.分子仍然紧密地聚集在一起。 Rapid evaporation tends to make the steam wet.快速蒸发往往使蒸汽的湿度加大。,He had the fortune to be able to make the operations that are taking place c
18、loser to where the data is actually stored.他幸运地能在更靠近数据实际存储的进行操作。 The new mayor earned some appreciation by the courtesy of coming to visit the city poor.新市长有礼貌地前来访问城市贫民，获得了他们的一些好感。,词的增译,增译名词 增译动词 增译形容词 增译副词 增译量词,A new kind of computer-small,cheap,fine-is attracting increaing attention.一种新型的计算机越来越引起人
19、们的注意-这种计算机体积小，价钱低，性能优。 First you borrow,then you beg.头一遭借钱，下一遭就讨饭。,The next stage of space travel is a space station.宇宙飞行的下一步是建立航天站。 In the evening, after the concerts ,he would work on the drafting of the final communique.晚上在出席音乐会之后，他还得起草最后公告。,Speed and reliability are the chief advantages of the e
20、lectronic computer.速度快、可靠性高是电子计算机的主要优点。 The plane twisted under me,trailing flame and smoke.飞机在下面螺旋下降，拖着浓烟烈焰掉了下去。,The chlorine atoms eat away at the ozone layer.氯原子大量吞噬臭氧。 The crowds melted away.人群渐渐散开了。,This machine has two settings,fast and slow.这台机器的速度有快慢两个档。 Once,they had a quarrel.有一次，他们争吵了一番。,
21、词的省译,省译代词 省译介词 省译连词 省译动词 there be 句型中的省译现象,One material can be distinguished from another by their physical properties.根据物理性质，可以把一种材料与另一种材料区分开来。 We live and learn.活到老，学到老。,Non-liner computer-based video editing is now feasible for most home computer users.大多数家用电脑用户均可进行非线性的视频编辑。 The Peoples Republic
22、of China was founded in 1949.一九四九年中华人民共和国成立。,The inner and outer rings are graded and stored according to size.内外圈是根据尺寸分类存放的。 He looked gloomy and troubled.他看上去有些忧愁不安。,This chapter provides a brief view of the theory of modification.本章简单回顾一下诱发变异理论。 If the surface is rough,the reflection is diffuse.如
23、果表面不平，则反射发散。,As a moderate there is a choice between nomal water,heavy water and graphite.可以选择普通的水、重水和石墨作为减速剂。 There was no snow,the leaves were gone from the trees,the grass was dead.天未下雪，但叶落草枯。,重复法,重复名词重复动词,The weight of a neutron is about the same as a proton.中子的重量和质子的重量差不多相等。 Let us revise our safety and sanitary regulations.我们来修订安全规则和卫生规则吧。,Alternating stress not only varies in magnitude but also in direction.角变应力不仅大小变化，而且方向也变化。 Is he a friend or an enemy?他是个朋友呢，还是个仇人？,The End,THANK YOU,
