1、,被动语态专项学习,时态和语态,时态：是一种语法范畴，用以表示各种时间和动作方面的动词形式。 语态：表示主语和谓语动词的关系。 主动语态和被动语态： 主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。 被动语态的构成：be+及物动词的过去分词,判断下列句子是主动或被动语态,1、She watches Tv at home. (主动) 2、He is considered a great thihker. （被动） 3、English is spoken in China. （被动） 4、Football is played by them. （被动）,被动语态基本用法 当
2、句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。,一般现在时的被动语态,构成：由amisare+及物动词的过去分词 肯定句：主语+ amisare+及过分+其它 Songs are often sung by him. 否定句：主语+ amisare+not+及过分+其它 Songs arent often sung by him. 一般问句：AmIsAre+主语+及过分+其它？ Is he invited by you?,His brother washes bowls every d
3、ay,主,谓,宾(受动者),Bowls,are washed,by,his brother,every day.,如何把主动语态改为被动语态,主动语态变被动语态方法小结,1、把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语； 2、把主动语态的谓语由主动变被动； 3、把主动语态的主语变为by短语。,1.They make shoes in that factory. 主语+及物动词+宾语,Shoes are made (by them) in that factory. 一般现在时：,变为被动语态,S(主语）+am/is /are +过去分词,练习 They play football on Sunday.L
4、ucy does the homework in the evening.They often use computers in class.We make these machines in Beijing.,Football is played by them on Sunday.,The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.,Computers are often used by them in class.,These machines are made in Beijing.,被动语态的用法：,1、当我们不知道动作的执行者时； A book
5、 is stolen. 2、当我们不必提出动作的执行者时； I was born in 1990. 3、当我们强调的是动作的接受者时。 She is liked by everybody.,一般过去时的被动语态,1、构成：waswere+及过分 Eg:You were defeated last time. 2、句型结构： 肯定句：主语+ waswere+及过分+其它。 否定句：主语+ wasntwerent+及过分+其它。 疑问句：WasWere+主语+及过分+其它？ 3、把下列句子变为被动语态,1、He looked after the little baby yesterday.,主,谓
6、,宾(受动者),The little baby,was looked after,by,him,yesterday .,2. They bought ten computers last term,Ten computers were bought (by them) last term.,一般过去时：,S+was/were +过去分词,They built the tall building last year.He took good care of his little brother yesterday.We cleaned our classroom just now.They us
7、ed this room for resting.,The tall building was built by them last year.,His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.,Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.,This room was used for resting by them.,一般将来时的被动语态,1、构成：will+be+及过分 Eg:She will be invited to act a short play tomorrow. 2、句型
8、结构： 肯定句：主语+ will+be+及过分+其它。 否定句：主语+wont+be+及过分+其它。 疑问句：Will+主语+be+及过分+其它？,1、Tom will clean the room tomorrow.,主,谓,宾(受动者),The room,will be cleaned,by,Tom,tomorrow.,2.They will finish the work in ten days.,The work will be finished (by them) in ten days.,一般将来时： S+ will+be+过去分词,We will have a sports me
9、eting next week.Children will take some photos in the schoolyard tomorrow.The headmaster will give a talk this afternoon.,A sports meeting will be had by us next week.,Some photos will be taken by children in the school tomorrow.,A talk will be given by the headmaster this afternoon.,比较已学三种时态的被动语态,一
10、般现在时：amisare+及过分 一般过去时：waswere+及过分 一般将来时：will+be+及过分 三者均有： Be+及过分,含情态动词的被动语态,含情态动词的主动语态的构成：情态动词+动原 含情态动词的被动语态的构成： 情态动词+be+及过分 Eg:She can speak English. English can be spoken by her. 句型结构： 肯定句：主语+情态动词+be+及过分+其它。 否定句：主语+情态动词+not+be+及过分+其它。 疑问句：情态动词+主语+be+及过分+其它?,4Amy can take good care of Gina ,Gina c
11、an be taken good care of by Amy.,情态动词： S+ can/may/must/should + be+过去分词,1.He can take care of the baby.2.Lucy may draw the pictures.3.You must turn off the lights.4.They should learn English well.,The baby can be taken care of by him.,The picture may be drawn by Lucy.,The lights must be turned off b
12、y you.,English should be learned well by them.,Exercises： 1.Many people speak English.2.People used knives for cutting things.3.Can you use the box as a table?4.We should clean the classroom every day.5.She will repair the bike tomorrow.,下列时态的被动语态构成 1.Lucy is watering the trees.2.We have finished ou
13、r compositions.,看一看 想一想,Some workers are painting the rooms now,The rooms are being painted by some workers now. 现在进行时：S+ am/is/are + being +过去分词,We have made twenty more keys,Twenty more keys have been made by us. 现在完成时：S+ have/has + been+过去分词,现在完成时的被动语态句型结构,肯定句：主语+havehas+been+及过分+其它。 否定句：主语+haven
14、thasnt+been+及过分+其它。 疑问句：HaveHas+主语+been+及过分+其它? 这台机器已经修了吗？ Has this machine been mended yet?,各种时态的被动语态构成,一般现在时： 一般过去时：一般将来时：情态动词：过去进行时现在完成时：,S+ am/is /are + done,S+can/may/must/should+be+done,S+ will + be + done,S+ was/were + being+ done,S+ have/has + been+ done,S+ was/were + done,各种时态的被动语态构成,如何把含有双
15、宾语的句子变为被动语态,一、看下面实例，总结规律： 1、She sent me a book.间宾 直宾 I was sent a book by her. A book was sent to me by her. 2、Her father has bought her a new bike.间宾 直宾 She has been bought a new bike by her father. A new bike has been bought for her by her father.,把含有双宾语的句子变为被动语态小结,可把间宾或直宾变为被动语态的主语。但如果把直宾变为主语，需不出省
16、去的介词to或for. 练习： Can he give you a present? Can you be given a present by him? Can a present be given to you by him?,如何把含复合宾语的句子变为被动语态,观察下面例子： 1、She asked me to help her.宾语 宾补 I was asked to help her. 2、I often hear Kate sing songs.宾语 宾补 Kate is often heard to sing songs by me. 小结：含复合宾语的句子变为被动语态，把宾语变
17、为主语，如有省to的不定式，应补出省去的不定式符号to。,练习,1、The boss made the workers work 14 hours a day. The workers were made to work 14 hours a day. 2、Can you see her read English? Can she be seen to read English?,中考挑战,中考被动语态考题 1.The river smells terrible. People must _ dirty thinginto it.(南京市中考题）A be stopped to throw B
18、be stopped from throwing C stop to throw D stop from throwing 2.This book _ often _from the library.(北京市中考题） A arent take away B taken away C isnt taken away D be taken away3.He _ _ (tell) to return his books to the library yesterday. (黄冈市中考题）,was told,5. Another man-made satellite was sent up into
19、space by them last week (济南市中考题） another man-made satellite into space last week.变主动语态7.People there planted many trees last year. Trees _ _ by people there last year. (青岛市中考题）8. They grow vegetables on the farm.The vegetables _ _on the farm（上海市中考题）,T,They sent up,were planted,are grown,On 22 August
20、 2004, The Scream, a famous painting by an artist called Edverd stole/was stolen from the museum in Norway.The painting pulled/was pulled off the wall by two men as visitors watched/were watched.The men escaped/were escaped by car. Later, the car found/was found but the picture was gone.,Homework :
21、1.He cleans the classroom everyday. 2.They finished their homework. 3.I can mend his bike. 4.She will buy ten books tomorrow. 5.We shouldnt allow them to go out with their friends. 6.The old man often makes us laugh.,10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer. Tom _ _ to turn on the computer. 11.In this factory women do most of the work.Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory,GOODBYE,
