1、被动语态复习,一、被动语态的定义：语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。 当主语是谓语动作的执行者，则为主动语态；I often repair the car. 当主语是谓语动作的承受者，则为被动语态。The car is often repaired (by me).,被动语态结构 被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。be+done,1.They make shoes in that factory.,三、主动语态变被动语态,Shoes,are made,(by them),in that factory.,一般现在时的被动语态构成 ： S(主语）+am/
2、is /are +过去分词,2. They bought ten computers last term,Ten computers were bought (by them) last term. 一般过去时：S+was/were +过去分词,3Ling Feng can take good care of Polly ,Polly can be taken good care of by Ling Feng . 情态动词： S+ can/may/must/should + be+过去分词,4.They will finish the work in ten days.,The work w
3、ill be finished (by them) in ten days. 一般将来时： S+ will+be+过去分词,5. Some workers are painting the rooms now,The rooms are being painted by some workers now. 现在进行时：S+ am/is/are + being +过去分词,7I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night,My homework was being done (by me) at 8:00 last night. 过去进行时：S+ was/w
4、ere+being+过去分词,6We have made twenty more keys,Twenty more keys have been made by us. 现在完成时：S+ have/has + been+过去分词,二、各种时态的被动语态构成 1）一般现在时：You are required to do this. 2）一般过去时：The story was told by her. 3）一般将来时：The problem will be discussed tomorrow.,4）现在进行时：The question is being discussed in the meet
5、ing room. 5）过去进行时：The new road was being made. 6）现在完成时：The novel has been read. 7)情态动词：The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over there.,四、何时使用被动语态呢？ 一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如： Football is played all over the world 二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如： My bike was stolen我的自行车被盗了。,三、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、
6、“大家说”等时。例如： It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and It was reported that her mother died of SARS. 众所周知 It is well known that 据推测说 It is supposed that ,It is hoped that 人们希望。 It is hoped that more and more people will be better off. 这个村子越来越多的人有望过上更好的日子It is believed that人们认为。 It
7、is believed that our team will win the match. 人们相信我们队会赢得这场比赛的胜利。,众所周知 It is well known that It is well known that light travels in straight lines. 人们认为月球上没有生命。据推测说 It is supposed that It is supposed that there is no life on the moon. 人们认为月球上没有生命。,四、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。 例如： Wei Hua is asked to come by Li
8、n Tao 魏华是被林涛叫来的。,五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如： He was born in October，1989 六、表示礼貌时。例如： You are friendly invited to come to our English party at 8:00 pmtomorrow 敬请您明天晚上8：00光临我们的英语晚会。,五、在什么情况下不能使用被动语态呢？ 1.表示状态的动词，如have，cost，fit，last， own, become等往往不能用于被动语态。例如： 【正】The shirt fits him very well 【误】He is fitted very
9、 well by the shirt,2.祈使句一般没有被动语态。例如： 【正】Look at the blackboard，please 【误】The blackboard is looked at by you,3.某些及物动词的宾语表示处所、地点、组织时不能用于被动语态。例如： 【正】He joined the League in 1998 【误】The League was joined by him in 1998,4.由“动词名词”构成的英语习语（如make faces，make friends，take place等）一般不可改为被动语态。例如： 【正】The boy make
10、faces in class 【误】Faces are made by the boy in class Great changes have taken place in Jinan since last year.,5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如： 【正】You must look after yourself 【误】Yourself must be looked after,Take place ,happen , belong toThe accident happened yesterday afternoon. The event took place in 19
11、90. The book belongs to me.,Practice,先将主动句改为被动句，再把被动句变为一般疑问句与否定句 1People grow wheat in North China 2They bought ten computers last term,3Some workers are painting the classrooms now 4We have made twenty more beds 5Ling Feng can take good care of Polly. 6I was doing my homework at 8：00 last night,一、如
12、主动句含间宾和直宾双宾语；或含省略to的不定式作宾补，变被动时有何变化呢？ Uncle Li lent us the boat last week（变被动）,We were lent the boat by Uncle Li last week The boat was lent to us by Uncle Li last week（加上了to，有的也加for）,Mum made me a new dress.,I was made a new dress by Mum. A new dress was made for me by my mother.,间宾（人）作被动句的主语，一切依旧；
13、而直宾（物）作主语，则须在间宾前添加to或for。加to的动词多为give，send，bring，teach，show，pass，write，ask，tell等；加for的动词有make， draw，buy等。,二、My parents made me water all these young trees（变被动）,I was made to water all these young trees by my parents（加上了to）,这种主动句中用省to的不定式作宾补，变被动时定要加上to。这种谓语动词有feel，hear，listen to，let，make，have， see，no
14、tice，look at，watch（即常言道“一感二听三让四看见”）。,Exercises,1.People use knives for cutting things. Knives _ _ for cutting things. 2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month. The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month.,are used,are,cleaned,(变被动语态）,3.I found the ticket on the floor. _
15、_ _ _ on the floor. 4.I told her to return the book in time. She _ _ to return the book in time.,The ticket was found,was told,5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day. He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day. 6.Now people can use computers to help them. Now computers _ _ _ to help them.,was made to
16、 have,can be,used,7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year? _ _ _ _ at this time last time? 8.Must we finish our work today? _ our work_ _ today?,Were many trees planted,Must be finished,9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps. 1) _ _ _ some wonderful stamps. 2) Some wonderful
17、 stamps _ _ _ _.,we were given,were,given to us,10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer. Tom _ _ to turn on the computer. 11.In this factory women do most of the work.Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory.,was asked,is done,12.He can mend the bike in two days. The bike _ _ _ in two
18、days. 13.You must take this medicine three times a day. This medicine _ _ _ three times a day.,can be mended,must be,taken,14.The students in this school study German. German _ _ by the students in this school. 15.Do they often talk about this question? _ this question often _ about _ _?,is studied,
19、Is,talked,by them,16.Someone must help me move away the heavy bag. I must _ _ to move away this heavy bag. 17.Was the window broken by Tom?（变为主动语态） _ Tom_ the window?,be helped,Did break,例.1.As a rule, readers (not allow) _to take dictionaries out of the reading room. (2005-1A) （are not allowed) 2.B
20、efore the flight takes off, all passengers (ask) _to fasten their seat belts.(2005-6A) ( are asked ),3.It is known to everyone that no smoking (permit) _in the library.(2005-6A) (is permitted) 4.By the end of last year, nearly a million cars (produce) _in that auto factory.(2005-1A) ( had been produ
21、ced),5.The villagers told us that a new bridge (build) _across the river in a year.(2004-6A) (would be built) 6.The father wants to know why his son (question) _by the police last week.(2006-6A) ( was questioned),7.Three new buildings _ (complete )on the campus by the end of this year. (20046A) ( wi
22、ll have been completed),8.The policeman (tell) _not to take any action until they received further order.(2006-6A) ( were told ),8.Most of the machines in the workshop _next month.(2005-6B) A. are repaired B. have been repaired C. were repaired D. will be repaired ( D),9.The cause of the accident ma
23、y never (discover) _in spite of the effort of the police. (be discovered) 10.The house with furniture (buy) _for $50,000 last year. (2002-12B) (was bought),11.The project to clear up the polluted river_ by the end of next year.(2002-6B) A. Is being completed B. will have been completed C. Has been c
24、ompleted D. will have completed (B),12.The new machine ought to (test) _before it is put to use. (2006-6B) (be tested),13.The noise was so loud that it could (hear) _from far away.(2002-6B) ( be heard) 14.More and more trucks are seen _（travel）between these two towns these days.(2005-1B) (to travel)
25、,将下列句子改为被动语态 1We sweep the floor every day 2He does morning exercises every morning 3He gave me a book yesterday,巩固练习,4The nurses take care of the sick old man 5You can take the book out of the reading room 6What do the workers use the machine for？ 7I made him work two hours every day,8Class One wil
26、l help the farmers tomorrow 9We have learned two thousand English words 10We found many students playing football on the playground.,将下列句子改为主动语态 1Was the work finished by him yesterday？ 2He was given a pen by me yesterday 3Children should be taken good care of,4The trees must be put in the hole by t
27、hem 5The car is not being repaired by her now 6.Were the books taken away by the girl?,18.The tractor wasnt driven out of the road. He_ _ the tractor out of the road. 19.Doesnt Bob clean the street every day? _ the street _ by Bob every day?,didnt drive,Isnt cleaned,20.What can they do to finish the work on time? _ _ _ _ by them to finish the work?,What can be,done,21.None of the children were made to try the new medicine by the doctor. The doctor _ _ _ _ the _ _ the new medicine.,didnt,make any of,children try,
