1、虚拟语气 Subjunctive Mood (I),GRAMMER 语法,1.陈述语气 I went to the theatre yesterday. Jack hadnt come back home yet. 2.祈使语气 Lets go. Dont touch anything on the table until the bell rings.,一. 语气的分类,英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气: 陈述语气, 祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。,3.虚拟语气 If I were you, I would not leave her alone. Our teach
2、er suggested that we go to the library this afternoon.,条件句表示主句的条件, 分真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。,a. 真实条件句 表示条件是真的或有可能实现的, 采用陈述语气。 b. 虚拟条件句表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的, 采用虚拟语气。,(The Subjunctive Mood)表示说话人所说的话不是事实, 而是一种假设, 愿望, 怀疑或推测。虚拟语气主要用于if条件状语从句, 也可用于名词性从句等。,用于条件从句,真实条件句 真实条件句用于陈述语气, 假设的情况可能发生, 其中if是如果的意思。,时态关系 句型: 条件从句 主
3、句 一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形 If he comes, he will bring his violin.,What will you do if it rains tomorrow?,I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.,The volleyball match will be put off if it _. A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained,答案B真实条件句主句为将来时, 从句用一般现在时。,如果我有一千万，我就能买一栋房子。我有一千万吗？没有。所以我仍然没有房子。
4、如果我有翅膀，我就能飞。 我有翅膀吗？没有。 所以我也没办法飞。 如果把整个太平洋的水倒出，也浇不熄我对你爱情的火。 整个太平洋的水全部倒得出吗？不行。所以我并不爱你。 痞子蔡第一次亲密接触,If there were no air, people would die.,If you had come earlier, you would have met him.,If I should become/became/were to become a billionaire in the future, I would buy two Benzes.,If 条件句：(特点-时态往过去推),Wh
5、at would you do if you won the lottery? If I won the lottery, I would,If I won the lottery, I would buy an expensive car.,If I had a lot of money, I would buy a villa.,If I had a lot of money now, I would travel around the world.,条件句 主句 过去 had done would have done 现在 did/were would do,if条件从句中的虚拟语气,将
6、来 were to would do,should were/did,关于虚拟语气 辩析,If 条件句： 现在情况的虚拟(If sb. were / did, sb would do) Complete the following sentences:1) If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.2) If I were a singer, I would earn a lot of money.,2. 过去情况的虚拟(If sb. had done, sb would have)1) If I had worked harder, I would h
7、ave done better in the exam. 2) If she had met him, she would have fallen in love with him. 3) If I hadnt quarreled with her, I wouldnt have lost a friend.,If I were to go abroad, I would open a restaurant.If I should go abroad, I wouldIf I went abroad, I would ,3. 将来情况的虚拟If sb. were to doIf sb. sho
8、uld doIf sb. did,sb. would do,Were I you,Should he fail in the experiment,Had George learned about Chinese culture, ,1) If I were you, I would ask him about it.,2) If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again.,3) If George had leaned about Chinese culture, he wouldnt have worn a
9、 green hat.,4. 省略 if 倒装的条件从句,Tips: 当从句中有 were, had 或 should 时，可把它们放在句首，省略if 。,_ badly ill, he would come to keep you company.,A. If he wasnt B. If he werent C. Werent he D. When he wasnt,_you go tomorrow, I would go with you. A. If B. Had C. Would D. Should,主从句的动作发生时间不一致的情况。有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致
10、，这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。eg. If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now.If you had practiced speaking English more, you would be able to speak it fluently.,(从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在）,5. 错综虚拟 1) If he had set out earlier, he would behome now. 2) If you had taken the doctors advice, you would
11、be much better now. 3) If she hadnt trained hard, she _ able to run so fast now. (not be) 4) If I had spoken to him yesterday, I _ what to do now. (know),wouldnt be,would know,点拨：,看清时间，各个击破,Without him, we would have been there earlier. Without your help, we couldnt have made it. But for your help,
12、we could not have finished the job before the deadline. Linda gave up halfway. Otherwise she would have achieved her goal.,6.隐性条件句,“It is important （strange/natural/necessary/ vital / urgent/ imperative/ natural/ essential/ desirable/ ）that ( should )+V.原形” ，表示某事“重要”，“奇怪”，“自然”，“必要”等意义。 e.g. It is im
13、portant that every member (should) inform himself of these rules.It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once.It is decided (has been decided) that the meeting (should)be postponed till tomorrow.,2.用于主语从句中,It is necessary that he _ (take) a good rest after working for a long time.It was ri
14、diculous that he _ that way yesterday. A. behaved B. should behave C.shall behave D. would behave,(should) take,3.用于宾语从句 二. I wish that 现在 I wish that I did / were 2. 过去I wish that I had done 3. 将来I wish that I would do 注意：I wish that = If only ,I wish I were as tall as you.,I wish I were a bird.,I
15、wish every day were my birthday.,I wish/wished I hadnt eaten so much watermelon.,(2) 表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用“had过去分词”。,The party was terrible, I wish I had never gone to it.,现在、 朗读：美国紫罗兰 1) I wish I could break all the chains holding me. 2) I wish I knew how it would feel to be free. 3) I wish I could say
16、 all the things that I should say. 4) I wish I could share all the love thats in my heart. 5) I wish you could know what it means to be me.,6) I wish I could give all Im longing to give. 7) I wish I could relive like Im longing to live. 8) I wish I could do all the things that I can do. 9) I wish I
17、could be like a bird in the sky.,过去：I wish you had not told me at all.I wish I had never been born. 苔丝I wish I had used credit cards more sensibly.,将来 I wish I would be a famous teacher. Many people wish he would leave our school. Many students wish that they would have less homework.,感受 “if only”Lo
18、ok at the trouble I am in! If only I had taken your advice.,1）If only I _ stay out of school.,2）If only I _(go) to bed earlier last night.,3）If only the final-term exam _(将)be cancelled.,could,had gone,would,sb would / could do,sb did / were,sb had done,表过去 表现在 表将来,wish, if only与虚拟语气,三. would rather
19、 I would rather you _ me now. (pay) Id rather you _ some housework when you are free. (do) Dont come now. I would rather you _ tomorrow. (come) Id rather you _(call) me yesterday. would rather sb did (现在，将来 )sb had done (过去),paid,did,came,had called,as if 似乎，好像 He speaks English so well as if he wer
20、e / was an Englishman. He looks so pale as if he had seen a monster.结论：主从同时发生，从句用did / were.从句发生在前，从句用 had done.,五. suggest / advise / order / request / demand / require that sb. (should) do The teacher suggested that homework should be finished quickly. 比较： His pale face suggested that he,insist,It
21、s+suggested/requested/ordered +that + sb. (should) do Its suggested that he (should) adapt himself to his new conditions.,My suggestion/order/advice/demand is that we (should) put off the meeting.,主语从句中,表语从句中,同位语从句中,The order came that all the students be given the right books.,六. Its strange/necess
22、ary/important/natural + that +sb. (should) do,It is strange that he (should) have acted toward his parents like that.,七. It is (high) time that sb. did sb. should do（很少见） Its time you _ to school. Its time you _ your homework. Its time you _ hard.,went,did,studied,1. should/ought to have done 本该做的,2
23、. shouldnt/ oughtnt to have done 本不该做的,3. could have done 本来能够做,5. neednt have done 本不必做的,4. might have done 可能发生的,八 “情动过去式 + have done”可表虚拟,You could have got up a little earlier.,He might have said so.,他也许那样说过。,判断是否虚拟,2. 判断虚拟类型,3. 判断虚拟时间,Pass!,虚拟语气应试对策,从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. Have you eve
24、r been to Beijing? No, but I wish I _. A. have B. will C. do D. had 2. If there were no water in the world, everything _. A. will die B. would die C. would have died D. have died,3. I wish that I _ with you last night. A. could have gone B. could go C. have gone D. went,4. If I _ you, I _ more attention to English idioms and phrases. A. was; shall pay B. am; will pay C. would be; would pay D. were; would pay,
