1、Chapter 10,哈工大外国语学院 2012春 杨莉萍,acute,adj. (usu. before noun) 1. very serious or severe 严重的 eg. an acute shortage of medical supplies an acute ear infection (疾病)急性的an acute pain in the back 刺痛，剧痛 2. used to describe the senses and abilities 灵敏的，敏锐的 eg. an acute sense of smell 灵敏的嗅觉She has an acute obs
2、ervation on life and love. 她对生活和爱情有着敏锐的观察力。 acupuncture 针灸,anonymous 作者不详的，匿名的，不具名的,an(=not, without) + onym(=name, word) Eg. An anonymous author wrote this book. synonym n. 同义词 synonymous adj. 同义词的，同义的 Eg. In fact his name has become a synonym for the word liar. antonym 反义词 antonymous 反义词的，反义的 pseu
3、donym 假名，(作家的)笔名，雅号 Eg. A pseudonym is a name that a person or group assumes for a particular purpose, which differs from his or her original or true name (orthonym). homonymous a. 同名的（homo同+onym+ous同名的）,apprehensive,slightly worried or nervous 忧虑的，担忧的 eg. 1) Officials are apprehensive about possibl
4、e terrorist attacks. 2) It is a strategy that many teachers are apprehensive of using. 这是许多老师害怕使用的一种策略。 apprehension n. eg. 1) Many people face their retirement with apprehension. 许多人面临退休时忧心忡忡。 2) Anja noticed the look of apprehension on his face.,词根 prehend, prehens = to take, to seize,comprehend (
5、com=completely) 理解，领会 Eg. 1) How could you comprehend the difficulties of my situation? 2) Laura gasped, hardly able to comprehend that her brothers life was in danger. comprehension n. Eg. Such acts of cruelty are beyond the comprehension of most people. comprehensible adj. 可以理解的 comprehensive adj.
6、 综合的，多方面的，全面的 eg. Established by experienced film producers, our company offers a fully comprehensive service tailored to your specific needs.,arrogant adj. arrogance n. conceited adj. self-conceited；self-important boastful adj. haughty adj. Someone who is haughty behaves in a proud and very unfrien
7、dly way, as if they think other people are completely unimportant supercilious: a supercilious manner/smile 倨傲的姿态/笑容 pompous adj. Someone who is pompous tries to make people think they are clever or important, esp. by using very formal and important sounding words. eg. The village major is so pompou
8、s he behaves as if he is President. snobbish,scornful adj. They are scornful of anyone elses suggestion. contemptuous adj. Showing that you do not respect someone or something. 轻蔑的，鄙视的（中性词：a neuter） eg. 1) He gave a contemptuous laughter. 2) She has always been openly contemptuous of authority. vain
9、 adj. Someone who is vain is very proud of their beauty or other personal qualities, and spends a lot of time looking after their appearance eg. He believes that everyone was in love with him but denied being vain.,词根 rog = to ask, 表示“要求,问”,abrogate v. 取消，废止（ab去掉+rog+ate不再要求有） derogate v. 毁损；堕落（de向下
10、，坏+rog+ate要求坏掉） derogatory a. 贬低的（derogate+ory) Eg. To call anyone a pig or a dog was highly derogatory for they were ritually unclean animals. interrogate v. 审问，询问，盘问 Eg. The suspects were interrogated by local police. interrogative adj. 疑问的，好问的 Eg. 1) An interrogative look 狐疑的表情2) an interrogative
11、 sentence 疑问句,bestow (sth. on sb.) v. 赐予（财产、权力、荣誉等） donate (to) v. 捐赠，捐献 award v. 授（奖），授予（学位） present v. 正式递交，呈递，颁发奖品 confer (sth. on sb.) v. (fml.) 授予(权力、权利获荣誉等) contribute (to) v. 捐助(金钱、财务)；贡献(时间、精力) grant v. (fml.) 同意，准予 deliver v. 投递,递送(货物、邮件); 发表演说,distribute v. (平均)分发，分配 dispense v. (机器)分发，发放;
12、 (官方)配备 issue v. (官方)发布，公布，发放 allot v. (按份额)分配，指定，拨出 allocate v. （官方）划拨，分派，指派 accommodate v. 提供住处，容纳 furnish (with) v. 配备(家具)；提供(信息) afford v. 支付得起(时间、金钱),词根 don, dot, dit = to give 表示“给予”,donate v. 捐赠 Eg. Caroline has very generously donated 5 copies which you may be lucky enough to win. condone v.
13、 原谅，宽恕（con共同+done共同给出） Eg. Of course, reporters have to be seen to be morally and politically correct, so I couldnt possibly condone such an action. *antidote n. 解毒药（anti反+dote给出反(毒）解毒药；另一种说法dote=dote药剂） *anecdote n. 短故事；轶事（anec未出版+ec(=ex)+dote说出来的未出版的故事） condition n. 条件 (con共同+dit+ion共同给出的),phobia
14、n. 惧怕，憎恶；恐惧症,acrophobia (acro=high, extremity) n. 恐高症 hydrophobia (hydro=water) n. 恐水症；狂犬病 photophobia (photo=light) n. 恐光症 dentophobia （dent=tooth) n. 牙科恐惧症 Sinophobe （Sino中国+phobe) n. 敌视中国者 (Sinophile n. 亲华者 phile:爱的),prominent adj.,1. important and well known 显赫的，知名的 eg.1) The order was given by
15、a prominent member of the government(政府要员). 2) She is likely to play a prominent part in the presidential campaign. 2. easy to see or notice 明显的，显眼的 eg. Place these items in a prominent place in your window display. 3. sticking out 突出的 eg. prominent cheekbones 突出的颧骨,词根 min, men = to project, to hang
16、,prominent adj. prominence n. eminent adj. eg. My grandfather is an eminent physician in this community. 著名的，出众的，受人尊敬的 eminence n.,preeminent adj. 优越的，卓越的，杰出的 preeminence n. imminent adj. eg. Many species of animals are in imminent danger of extinction. 迫切的，即将发生的,prudent adj.,careful, and using good
17、 judgment 仔细的，审慎的 eg. It may be prudent to get some expert advice. prudence n. eg. The countrys leaders are calling for prudence and moderation. 国家领导人提倡审慎和中庸。 cautious adj. 谨慎的 caution n. circumspect adj. 慎重的 circumspection n. Eg. Officials were very circumspect about possible causes of the accident.,recipient n. 接受者 receive reception n. 接待处，欢迎会，(电信号的)接收效果 receptive adj. 乐于接受的 eg. The company is receptive to new ideas. receipt n. 收据 recipe n. 食谱，烹饪法,
